CN108053458A - A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting - Google Patents
A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of watershed generalization figure making based on GIS-Geographic Information System and methods of exhibiting, and first using CAD application software, river, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and the discharge site element in basin are made as electronic chart；Electronic chart is imported into desktop GIS again, according to element feature and the type of point, line, surface, stratification drawing is in different figure layers；Finally, drawn generalization figure base map is published to server-side GIS, provides Map Services for the exploitation of Web ends, realize the displaying of generalization figure.The present invention can provide the watermark protocol information in full basin for Flood Control Dispatch policymaker in real time, expandability, highly practical, facilitate update, have higher application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of watershed generalization figure making based on GIS-Geographic Information System and methods of exhibiting, belong to flood control and disaster reduction
Field.
Background technology
China is vast in territory, river is numerous, with a varied topography, monsoon climate characteristic is notable, and annual precipitation is extremely concentrated, because
This is the country that a bloods and droughts frequently occurs.The life all to the people and property cause great damage to bloods and droughts every year
It loses, becomes one of principal element for restricting national economic development and sustainable development.Show that China is average according to historical statistics data
Just occurred less than 2 years once compared with big flood.Flood Control Dispatch is a job for resisting big flood, and watershed generalization figure is to control flood
The important foundation of scheduling.Watershed generalization figure provides scientific dispatch, the technological means controlled flood in accordance with the law for Flood Prevention scheduling.Generalization
Figure with its it is concise directly perceived, both pictures and texts are excellent, highly practical the characteristics of, there is higher application value.
At present, the generalization figure that Flood Control Dispatch policymaker uses mostly is that the method based on Graphing of Engineering makes, and is made
Static map, although can by the important information of some hydraulic engineerings it is attached in the figure also have it is certain the defects of：
1. traditional generalization figure is static map, it is impossible to which the real-time hydrology characteristic information of hydrological data bank is presented on generalization figure
On；
2. static generalization figure can not shunt domain views, it is necessary to policymaker judges which basin monitoring point belongs to, answered at some
At miscellaneous basin joint, easy interfering well cluster；
3. the combination of generalization figure and Web system is shown with graphic form, operation can not be zoomed in and out to generally change figure.
The content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of watershed generalization figure system based on GIS-Geographic Information System
Work and methods of exhibiting, first using CAD application software, by river, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and the discharge site element in basin
Electronic chart is made, according to significance level of the element in the basin and relative size and position, determines the shape and face of each element
Color；Electronic chart is imported into desktop GIS again, and issues Map Services；Finally, the Map Services based on issue carry out Web end exploitations,
Generally change figure is shown, and real-time hydrological characteristics information is attached on generalization figure, grasps current stream in time for policymaker
The drought and waterlogging situation in domain.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem：
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System, the production method
The step of it is as follows：
Step 1：River, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and the discharge site element in basin are selected, using CAD software system
Make Electronic CAD figure；
Step 2：Electronic chart is imported into desktop GIS, according to element feature and the type of point, line, surface, stratification drawing is in difference
Figure layer in, obtain generalization figure base map.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, step 1 concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 1.1：River, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element in watershed carry out generalizing processing；
Step 1.2：Emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element in watershed are screened；
Step 1.3：Emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site are placed into corresponding river, lake or reservoir last layer, if
Emphasis hydraulic engineering and the affiliated river of discharge site are not drawn out in generalization figure, then are surveyed emphasis hydraulic engineering and the hydrology
River is added belonging to standing, and generates Electronic CAD figure.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, step 2 concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 2.1：Selected coordinate system, and determine coordinate basis, during ensureing the switching of multiple base maps, indication range is consistent；
Step 2.2：By the Electronic CAD figure made in step 1 import ArcGIS desktop softwares, stratification drawing GIS base maps,
Wherein, top layer is a factor kind, and interlayer is line feature class, and lowest level is face factor kind, can with the element for ensuring all
Normal display；
Step 2.3：According to different display scales, the display scale of each figure layer and factor kind is defined, it is different to show
Factor kind, so as to obtain generalization figure base map.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, it is determined as what GPS geo-location system was used and established in step 2.1
Coordinate system is as coordinate basis.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, gaging station, tidal gaging station, rainfall are drawn in the factor kind of step 2.2 midpoint
It stands and pumping plant element, sluice element is drawn in line feature class, trunk river and its tributary, flood storage areas, lake are drawn in the factor kind of face
Pool and reservoir element.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, there are many during element in same factor kind in step 2.2, with drawing
Expression solves the schema different problems used in different elements, and symbolism is carried out to data using rule-based structure, this
A little structures are stored in geographical data bank together with data.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides as above any a kind of watershed generalizations based on GIS-Geographic Information System always
The methods of exhibiting for the generalization figure that figure production method makes, server-side GIS is published to by drawn generalization figure base map, is Web ends
Exploitation provides Map Services, realizes the displaying of generalization figure.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, which concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 3.1：With ArcGIS for Desktop connection ArcGIS for Server, by drawn general of desktop GIS
Change figure base map is published in server-side GIS；
Step 3.2：The application programming interfaces provided by ArcGIS, the generalization figure that ArcGIS for Server are provided
Base map resource is embedded into Web page；
Step 3.3：In the figure layer for including where emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site factor kind in generalization figure base map, inquiry
Survey station is specified, and passes through call back function, element attribute data passed back to that each element is inquired about in background data base is corresponding in real time
Water level, rainfall or tide level data are illustrated on generalization figure, and for flood, preventing drought and preventing, scheduling decision person checks.
As the further technical solution of the present invention, generally the concrete operation step of change figure displaying is in step 3.3：
(1) the query task QueryTask objects of ArcGIS application programming interfaces are created and are initialized, generalization figure is set to look into
Ask parameter；
(2) attribute query sets querying condition and the form of returned data, constructing SQL query statement；
(3) obtain as a result, performing QueryTask, and to the real time data of real-time watermark protocol data base querying survey station, will obtain
The function of result is taken to be transmitted to QueryTask objects as call back function, after the completion of inquiry, result set is transmitted to the call back function；
(4) attribute bind, by data base querying to data be tied to corresponding survey station, the attribute number as survey station element
According to；
(5) displaying adds in the logic of result displaying, survey station attribute data is illustrated in generalization as a result, in call back function
On figure.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following technique effect using above technical scheme：Base provided by the invention
In the method that GIS-Geographic Information System makes watershed generalization figure and displaying, first using CAD application software, by river, the lake in basin
Pool, emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element are made as electronic chart；Electronic chart is imported into desktop GIS again, according to element feature
And the type of point, line, surface, stratification drawing is in different figure layers；Finally, drawn generalization figure base map is published to server-side
GIS provides Map Services for the exploitation of Web ends, realizes the displaying of generalization figure.This method can be Flood Control Dispatch policymaker in real time
The watermark protocol information in full basin is provided, it is expandability, highly practical, facilitate update.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the generalization figure displaying flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to the various equivalences of the present invention
The modification of form falls within the application scope as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System of the present invention, including walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1：River, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and the discharge site element in basin are selected, using CAD using soft
Part makes electronic chart.
Straight line, polygon, circle and oval fundamental figure object are created using CAD software, with these basic Drawing Objects,
Briefly state ocean, river, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element.
Make concretely comprising the following steps for electronic chart：
Step 1.1：River, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element in watershed carry out generalizing processing, i.e.,
Ignore the shape of element, pay close attention to the relation between relative size, position and the element of element, emphasis water conservancy in basin is stated on generalization ground
The relation of the location information and related hydraulic engineering of engineering and survey station.According to the actual geographic figure in basin, trunk river is filtered out
And its tributary, flood storage areas, lake and reservoir element, and according to the true form of these elements, geographical location and size, generally changing
Shape, relative position, size and the connected relation of these elements are reconstructed in figure.Wherein, using polygon rendering river, it is oval or
Circle draws lake and reservoir, and semicircle or half elliptic draws flood storage areas.The use of lines：Solid line represents embankment or riverbank；
The two sides in river are all dotted lines, represent siphonal culvert；There is no solid line or void between intersecting or interconnected river and lake, reservoir
Line.
Step 1.2：Emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element in watershed are screened.Emphasis hydraulic engineering and water
Literary survey station mainly includes gaging station, tidal gaging station, precipitation station, sluice and pumping plant, and schema is with reference to Ministry of Water Resources's issue《Flood-control and drought relief are used
Figure schema》.
Step 1.3：Emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site are placed into corresponding river, lake or reservoir last layer, if
Emphasis hydraulic engineering and the affiliated river of discharge site are not drawn out in generalization figure, then are added.Drawing is completed
Afterwards, Electronic CAD figure is generated, drawing GIS base maps for desktop GIS uses.
Step 2：Electronic chart is imported into desktop GIS, according to element feature and the type of point, line, surface, stratification drawing is in difference
Figure layer in.
Desktop GIS is the software suite of design, shared, management and issue geography information.ArcGIS for Desktop are
To geography information into edlin, establishment and the GIS software of analysis, can complete to draw the work of GIS base maps.By above-mentioned drafting
Electronic CAD figure imports ArcGIS for Desktop and stratification drawing goes out GIS base maps.
Make concretely comprising the following steps for GIS base maps：
Step 2.1：Determine coordinate basis.Multiple base maps use the same coordinate system, same indication range, it is ensured that different
When base map mutually switches, map vision is consistent with center point coordinate.For example, we use Jiangsu Province border as coordinate basis
When, when generalization figure base map and Jiangsu Province's base map mutually switch, the visual field of Jiangsu Province's base map and display centre point and generalization figure one
It causes.Here, it is adopted as the coordinate system World Geodetic System1984 that GPS geo-location system is used and established
(WGS84) coordinate system is as coordinate basis.
Step 2.2：Import Electronic CAD figure, stratification drawing GIS base maps.In ArcGIS, point, line, surface represent different respectively
When drawing, the element of this 3 type point is drawn in different factor kinds for data type, stacks order as point factor kind
It is placed on topmost, followed by line feature class, bottom are face factor kinds.Gaging station, tidal gaging station, rainfall can be drawn in point factor kind
It stands and pumping plant element, can draw sluice element in line feature class, trunk river and its tributary, flood storage can be drawn in the factor kind of face
Area, lake and reservoir element.Different elements, schema used are different, and in same factor kind, can there are many during element
With drawing expression solves the problems, such as this, can flexibly using rule-based structure to data carry out symbolism, these structures and
Data are stored in geographical data bank together.One factor kind can have a variety of drawing to express, so as to allow user being capable of root
Same data are shown according to different application demands, without backing up additional data.In addition, drawing expression can be with
It is individually edited for the appearance of each element in factor kind.
Step 2.3：The display scale of each figure layer and factor kind will be defined, in different display scales, shown different
Element.
A kind of watershed generalization figure methods of exhibiting based on GIS-Geographic Information System of the present invention is：By drawn generalization figure base map
Server-side GIS is published to, Map Services is provided for the exploitation of Web ends, realizes the displaying of generalization figure.
Issue GIS base maps simultaneously show concretely comprising the following steps for generalization figure：
Step 3.1：With ArcGIS for Desktop connection ArcGIS for Server, by drawn general of desktop GIS
Change figure base map is published in ArcGIS for Server；
Step 3.2：The application programming interfaces provided by ArcGIS, the generalization figure that ArcGIS for Server are provided
Base map resource is embedded into Web page；
Step 3.3：In GIS base maps, comprising emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site factor kind, the figure layer where such
In, it inquires about and specifies survey station.And pass through call back function, element attribute data is passed back, each element correspondence is inquired about in background data base
Real time water level, rainfall or tide level data, be illustrated on generalization figure, for flood, preventing drought and preventing, scheduling decision person checks.
As shown in Fig. 2, the concrete operations of generalization figure displaying include：
(1) create query task (QueryTask) object of ArcGIS application programming interfaces and initialize, generalization is set to scheme
Query argument；
(2) attribute query sets querying condition and the form of returned data, constructing SQL query statement；
(3) obtain as a result, performing QueryTask, and to the real time data of real-time watermark protocol data base querying survey station, will obtain
The function of result is taken to be transmitted to QueryTask objects as call back function, after the completion of inquiry, result set is transmitted to the call back function；
(4) attribute bind, by data base querying to data be tied to corresponding survey station, the attribute number as survey station element
According to.
(5) displaying adds in the logic of result displaying, survey station attribute data is illustrated in generalization as a result, in call back function
On figure.
The above is only the specific embodiment in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is appointed
What be familiar with the people of the technology disclosed herein technical scope in, it will be appreciated that the conversion or replacement expected should all be covered
Within the scope of the present invention, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection domain of claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System, which is characterized in that the step of the production method such as
Under：
Step 1：River, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and the discharge site element in basin are selected, electricity is made using CAD software
Sub- CAD diagram；
Step 2：Electronic chart is imported into desktop GIS, according to element feature and the type of point, line, surface, stratification drawing is in different figures
In layer, generalization figure base map is obtained.
2. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Step 1 concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 1.1：River, lake, emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element in watershed carry out generalizing processing；
Step 1.2：Emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site element in watershed are screened；
Step 1.3：Emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site are placed into corresponding river, lake or reservoir last layer, if emphasis
Hydraulic engineering and the affiliated river of discharge site are not drawn out in generalization figure, then by emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site institute
Belong to river to be added, generate Electronic CAD figure.
3. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Step 2 concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 2.1：Selected coordinate system, and determine coordinate basis, during ensureing the switching of multiple base maps, indication range is consistent；
Step 2.2：By the Electronic CAD figure made in step 1 import ArcGIS desktop softwares, stratification drawing GIS base maps,
In, top layer is a factor kind, and interlayer is line feature class, and lowest level is face factor kind, can be just with the element for ensuring all
Often display；
Step 2.3：According to different display scales, the display scale of each figure layer and factor kind is defined, to show different elements
Class, so as to obtain generalization figure base map.
4. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
It is determined as coordinate system that GPS geo-location system is used and established in step 2.1 as coordinate basis.
5. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
Gaging station, tidal gaging station, precipitation station and pumping plant element are drawn in the factor kind of step 2.2 midpoint, sluice element is drawn in line feature class,
Trunk river and its tributary, flood storage areas, lake and reservoir element are drawn in the factor kind of face.
6. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
There are many during element in same factor kind in step 2.2, the schema solved with drawing expression used in different elements is different
Problem carries out data symbolism using rule-based structure, these structures are stored in geographical data bank together with data.
7. a kind of watershed generalization figure production method based on GIS-Geographic Information System as described in any in claim 1 to 6 makes
Generalization figure methods of exhibiting, which is characterized in that drawn generalization figure base map is published to server-side GIS, for Web ends develop
Map Services are provided, realize the displaying of generalization figure.
8. a kind of methods of exhibiting of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 7, feature exist
In the methods of exhibiting concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 3.1：With ArcGIS for Desktop connection ArcGIS for Server, generalization drawn desktop GIS is schemed
Base map is published in server-side GIS；
Step 3.2：The application programming interfaces provided by ArcGIS, the generalization figure base map that ArcGIS for Server are provided
Resource is embedded into Web page；
Step 3.3：In the figure layer for including where emphasis hydraulic engineering and discharge site factor kind in generalization figure base map, inquiry is specified
Survey station, and pass through call back function, element attribute data is passed back inquired about in background data base the corresponding real time water level of each element,
Rainfall or tide level data are illustrated on generalization figure, and for flood, preventing drought and preventing, scheduling decision person checks.
9. a kind of watershed generalization figure methods of exhibiting based on GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
Generally the concrete operation step of change figure displaying is in step 3.3：
(1) the query task QueryTask objects of ArcGIS application programming interfaces are created and are initialized, generalization is set to scheme inquiry ginseng
Number；
(2) attribute query sets querying condition and the form of returned data, constructing SQL query statement；
(3) obtain as a result, performing QueryTask, and to the real time data of real-time watermark protocol data base querying survey station, tied obtaining
The function of fruit is transmitted to QueryTask objects as call back function, and after the completion of inquiry, result set is transmitted to the call back function；
(4) attribute bind, by data base querying to data be tied to corresponding survey station, the attribute data as survey station element；
(5) displaying adds in the logic of result displaying, survey station attribute data is illustrated on generalization figure as a result, in call back function.
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| CN110853489A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-28 | 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 | Water system basin basic data acquisition method and device |
| CN110853489B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-08-10 | 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 | Water system basin basic data acquisition method and device |
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