CN108051355A - One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device - Google Patents
One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108051355A CN108051355A CN201711322269.1A CN201711322269A CN108051355A CN 108051355 A CN108051355 A CN 108051355A CN 201711322269 A CN201711322269 A CN 201711322269A CN 108051355 A CN108051355 A CN 108051355A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- diameter
- sealing ring
- filter paper
- cylinder body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009781 safety test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind newly to mix cement-based material testing permeability device.Test device proposed by the present invention is by water storage box（1）, constant pressure sink（2）, upper cover plate（3）, sealing ring（4）, standing screw（5）, bottom plate（6）, cylinder body（7）, sealing ring（8）, sump（9）, filter paper（10）, porous disc（11）, feed bin（12）, filter paper（13）, porous disc（14）, tapping pipe（15）, valve（16）, valve（17）, valve（18）, valve（19）, connecting tube（20）, water inlet pipe（21）, outlet pipe（22）, beaker（23）And electronic balance（24）Composition.The test device of the present invention ensure that the constant of hydraulic pressure in test process by constant pressure sink, by filter paper combine with porous disc replace permeable stone in a manner of solve the problems, such as since gelling material particles enter in permeable stone pore plugging to be caused to change test result poor repeatability caused by its infiltration coefficient in test process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind newly to mix cement-based material testing permeability device, belongs to construction material technical field of measurement and test.
Background technology
Permeability is to determine the key factor of concrete durability, at present the research side on concrete permeability both at home and abroad
Method has water to ooze method（Mortar Anti-leakage instrument, concrete impervious instrument）, gas osmosis（Concrete gas Anti-leakage instrument）And ion infiltration
Method（Electric flux tester, chloride diffusion coefficient tester）Deng, but be using hardened mortar or concrete as test object, it surveys
The examination cycle is generally 28 days or 56 days, and there are test period length, result hysteresis and result of the test and entity knots in practical applications
Structure concrete really permeates the problem of sexual deviation is big.So when obtaining 28d or 56d concrete permeability indexs, concrete is applied
Work has been completed more, even if test result shows that concrete permeability is bad, can not also concrete of having constructed be adjusted.Cause
This, how to fresh concrete（The concrete that water has just been added to be obtained after stirring evenly）Permeability tested and characterized,
It then can preferably solve foregoing problems.
At present, it is seldom to fresh cement concrete material permeability research data, it is primarily due to lack effective test
Method.For fresh cement concrete material, since internal rigid skeleton is not formed completely, also without stable network knot
Structure, the more difficult accurate measurement of permeability.Patent " a kind of concrete permeability testing device and its test system
（CN201710453080.X）", " constant pressure concrete permeability testing device（CN201310330466.3）", " concrete permeate
System safety testing device（CN201020257433.2）" etc. be test maturing permeability, fresh concrete can not be tested
Permeability.Existing electrochemical workstation and the contactless electrode test instrument of Hong Kong University of Science and Thchnology professor Li Zongjin exploitation etc.
Device then can only indirectly testing fresh cement concrete material electrology characteristic parameter, and cannot directly test its permeability.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind directly to be tested newly mixing cement-base concrete material slurry permeability
Device.
The present invention proposes that one kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device by water storage box（1）, constant pressure sink（2）, on
Cover board（3）, sealing ring（4）, standing screw（5）, bottom plate（6）, cylinder body（7）, sealing ring（8）, sump（9）, filter paper（10）, it is permeable
Plate（11）, feed bin（12）, filter paper（13）, porous disc（14）, tapping pipe（15）, valve（16）, valve（17）, valve（18）, valve
Door（19）, connecting tube（20）, water inlet pipe（21）, outlet pipe（22）, beaker（23）And electronic balance（24）Composition, water storage box（1）
Positioned at constant pressure sink（2）Top, constant pressure sink（2）Positioned at cylinder body（7）Surface, cylinder body（7）Inside is by filter paper（10）With
Porous disc（11）It is separated into top sump（9）With lower step feed bin（12）Two parts, outlet pipe（22）With bottom plate（6）Connector
Positioned at bottom plate（6）On the inner wall of central slot, beaker（23）Positioned at outlet pipe（22）Lower section.
One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device, constant pressure sink（2）Positioned at cylinder body（7）Surface, pass through
Connecting tube（20）With cylinder body（7）In sump（9）It is connected, constant pressure sink（2）Pass through tapping pipe（15）It keeps constant hydraulic pressure, surveys
Valve during examination（16）, valve（17）, valve（18）And valve（19）It is always maintained at opening state.
One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device, cylinder body（7）For interior diameter 102mm, the stainless steel of wall thickness 5mm
Steel pipe, height 120mm, inside is by filter paper（10）And porous disc（11）It is divided into top sump（9）With lower part feed bin（12）
Two parts, sump（9）Highly control is in 30mm ~ 40mm, feed bin（12）Highly control is in 60mm ~ 70mm.
One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device, porous disc（11）With（14）For thickness 3mm, diameter 101mm
Stainless-steel sheet, surface is evenly distributed with the upper lower through-hole of spacing 1mm, diameter 3mm；Filter paper（10）And filter paper（13）For once
Property using experiment filter paper.
One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device, upper cover plate（3）, sealing ring（4）, bottom plate（6）, cylinder body（7）
And sealing ring（8）Pass through standing screw（5）Integral, upper cover plate is combined in connection（3）For diameter 160mm, the stainless steel of thickness 5mm
Plectane, away from upper cover plate（3）The through hole there are two symmetrical diameter 8mm is set at the 70mm of center, in order to standing screw（5）It wears
It crosses, upper cover plate（3）Bottom surface is equipped with internal diameter 102mm, width 5mm, the annular groove of depth 2mm, with fixing seal ring（4）；Bottom plate
（6）For diameter 160mm, the stainless steel plate of thickness 12mm, away from bottom plate（6）Symmetrical diameter there are two being set at the 70mm of center
The through hole of 8mm, bottom plate（6）Upper surface is additionally provided with outer diameter 100mm, the groove of depth 5mm；Sealing ring（4）With（8）For rubber material
Material, sealing ring internal diameter are 102mm, and sealing ring cross section diameter is 5mm；Standing screw（5）For the screw rod with nut of diameter 6mm,
Material is stainless steel.
Test device proposed by the present invention ensure that the constant of hydraulic pressure in test process by constant pressure sink, by using filter
Paper is combined with porous disc to be solved in test process instead of the mode of permeable stone since gelling material particles easily enter permeable stone
In the problem of pore plugging is caused to change test result poor repeatability caused by its infiltration coefficient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
In the Figure of description of the present invention：1 is water storage box, and 2 be constant pressure sink, and 3 be upper cover plate, and 4 be sealing ring, and 5 are
Standing screw, 6 be bottom plate, and 7 be cylinder body, and 8 be sealing ring, and 9 be sump, and 10 be filter paper, and 11 be porous disc, and 12 be feed bin, and 13 are
Filter paper, 14 be porous disc, and 15 be tapping pipe, and 16 be valve, and 17 be valve, and 18 be valve, and 19 be valve, and 20 be connecting tube, 21
It is outlet pipe for water inlet pipe, 22,23 be beaker, and 24 be electronic balance.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the application method of test device of the present invention is illustrated.
First by standing screw（5）Through bottom plate（6）, then by porous disc（14）It is placed on bottom plate（6）It, will at central slot
Filter paper（13）It is placed in porous disc（14）On, then sealing ring（8）It is sleeved on porous disc（14）Outside, by cylinder body（7）It is pressed on sealing
Ring（8）Above.Then cement-based material is prepared in experiment ratio, weighs 1200g samples and be packed into cylinder body（7）In, it then will be permeable
Plate（11）It puts down gently on sample top, is then covered with filter paper（10）, then will have been inserted into sealing ring（4）Upper cover plate（3）Through fixation
Screw rod（5）Push down cylinder body（7）, be then locked screw rod（5）, finally cylinder body is touched with rubber hammer（7）Under surrounding number.Then will
Constant pressure sink（2）Fixation is placed on upper cover plate（3）Connecting tube is used in top（20）By constant pressure sink（2）And upper cover plate（3）It is connected,
Then valve is first opened（17）, valve（18）And valve（19）, then will fill the water storage box of water（1）It is placed on higher than constant pressure water
Slot（2）Top, open valve（16）, pass water through water inlet pipe（21）Flow into constant pressure sink（2）, until water is from outlet pipe（22）
Outflow, and bubble-free is from water pipe（22）During middle discharge, start timing, and by beaker（23）It is placed on electronic balance（24）On, juxtaposition
In outlet pipe（22）Under, the water of discharge is collected, and by the water of design time interval record discharge, is terminated until testing.
Claims (5)
1. one kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device, it is characterised in that：Test device is by water storage box（1）, constant pressure water
Slot（2）, upper cover plate（3）, sealing ring（4）, standing screw（5）, bottom plate（6）, cylinder body（7）, sealing ring（8）, sump（9）, filter paper
（10）, porous disc（11）, feed bin（12）, filter paper（13）, porous disc（14）, tapping pipe（15）, valve（16）, valve（17）, valve
Door（18）, valve（19）, connecting tube（20）, water inlet pipe（21）, outlet pipe（22）, beaker（23）And electronic balance（24）Composition,
Water storage box（1）Positioned at constant pressure sink（2）Top, constant pressure sink（2）Positioned at cylinder body（7）Surface, cylinder body（7）Inside is by filtering
Paper（10）And porous disc（11）It is separated into top sump（9）With lower step feed bin（12）Two parts, outlet pipe（22）With bottom plate（6）
Connector be located at bottom plate（6）On the inner wall of central slot, beaker（23）Positioned at outlet pipe（22）Lower section.
2. newly mix cement-based material testing permeability device according to one kind described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Constant pressure sink
（2）Positioned at cylinder body（7）Surface, pass through connecting tube（20）With cylinder body（7）In sump（9）It is connected, constant pressure sink（2）Pass through
Tapping pipe（15）Keep constant hydraulic pressure, valve in test process（16）, valve（17）, valve（18）And valve（19）It protects always
Hold opening state.
3. newly mix cement-based material testing permeability device according to one kind described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cylinder body（7）For
The stainless-steel pipe of interior diameter 102mm, wall thickness 5mm, height 120mm, inside is by filter paper（10）And porous disc（11）Separate
For top sump（9）With lower part feed bin（12）Two parts, sump（9）Highly control is in 30mm ~ 40mm, feed bin（12）Highly control
System is in 60mm ~ 70mm.
4. newly mix cement-based material testing permeability device according to one kind described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Porous disc（11）
With（14）For thickness 3mm, the stainless-steel sheet of diameter 101mm, surface is evenly distributed with spacing 1mm, the upper and lower of diameter 3mm is led to
Hole；Filter paper（10）And filter paper（13）For disposable experiment filter paper.
5. newly mix cement-based material testing permeability device according to one kind described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Upper cover plate（3）、
Sealing ring（4）, bottom plate（6）, cylinder body（7）And sealing ring（8）Pass through standing screw（5）Integral, upper cover plate is combined in connection（3）For
Diameter 160mm, the stainless steel plate of thickness 5mm, away from upper cover plate（3）Symmetrical diameter 8mm there are two being set at the 70mm of center
Through hole, in order to standing screw（5）It passes through, upper cover plate（3）Bottom surface is equipped with internal diameter 102mm, and the annular of width 5mm, depth 2mm are recessed
Slot, with fixing seal ring（4）；Bottom plate（6）For diameter 160mm, the stainless steel plate of thickness 12mm, away from bottom plate（6）Center
The through hole there are two symmetrical diameter 8mm, bottom plate are set at 70mm（6）Upper surface is additionally provided with outer diameter 100mm, the groove of depth 5mm；
Sealing ring（4）With（8）For rubber material, sealing ring internal diameter is 102mm, and sealing ring cross section diameter is 5mm；Standing screw（5）For
The screw rod with nut of diameter 6mm, material are stainless steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711322269.1A CN108051355A (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711322269.1A CN108051355A (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108051355A true CN108051355A (en) | 2018-05-18 |
Family
ID=62131951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711322269.1A Pending CN108051355A (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108051355A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109723025A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Underground structure boundary seepage test device and using method thereof |
| CN110553967A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-12-10 | 谢小英 | Mineral sample permeability coefficient test equipment |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03189555A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-08-19 | Fujita Corp | Method and device for testing water resistance of concrete |
| CN101419152A (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2009-04-29 | 河海大学 | Pervious template cloth permeability test method and device based on concrete slurry medium |
| CN201803768U (en) * | 2010-07-10 | 2011-04-20 | 刘志壮 | Constant temperature water tank |
| CN103398933A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-20 | 东南大学 | Constant-pressure concrete permeability testing device |
| CN105319113A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-02-10 | 潍坊百汇特新型建材有限公司 | Concrete test piece and device for testing and evaluating self-curing capacity for water seepage of crack, and test and evaluation method |
| CN205175883U (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-04-20 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Quick measuring device of soil sample osmotic coefficient |
| CN106442258A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-02-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Detachable lining seepage testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN206161486U (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-05-10 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Quick permeability test device suitable for low permeability medium |
| CN206223619U (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-06-06 | 福建省建筑科学研究院 | A kind of permeability coefficient of cement soil tester |
-
2017
- 2017-12-12 CN CN201711322269.1A patent/CN108051355A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03189555A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-08-19 | Fujita Corp | Method and device for testing water resistance of concrete |
| CN101419152A (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2009-04-29 | 河海大学 | Pervious template cloth permeability test method and device based on concrete slurry medium |
| CN201803768U (en) * | 2010-07-10 | 2011-04-20 | 刘志壮 | Constant temperature water tank |
| CN103398933A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-20 | 东南大学 | Constant-pressure concrete permeability testing device |
| CN205175883U (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-04-20 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Quick measuring device of soil sample osmotic coefficient |
| CN105319113A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-02-10 | 潍坊百汇特新型建材有限公司 | Concrete test piece and device for testing and evaluating self-curing capacity for water seepage of crack, and test and evaluation method |
| CN206161486U (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-05-10 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Quick permeability test device suitable for low permeability medium |
| CN106442258A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-02-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Detachable lining seepage testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN206223619U (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-06-06 | 福建省建筑科学研究院 | A kind of permeability coefficient of cement soil tester |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 戴维 等: "水泥基材料渗透系数测定方法及试验装置", 实验技术与管理 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109723025A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Underground structure boundary seepage test device and using method thereof |
| CN110553967A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-12-10 | 谢小英 | Mineral sample permeability coefficient test equipment |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105527384B (en) | A kind of grouting simulation test device and its test method | |
| CN101694449B (en) | Testing device for carbonization resistance of cement based materials and testing method | |
| CN103398933A (en) | Constant-pressure concrete permeability testing device | |
| KR200438330Y1 (en) | Sample holder for permeability test | |
| CN108051355A (en) | One kind newly mixes cement-based material testing permeability device | |
| CN107677586A (en) | A kind of new geotextile silting experiment instrument | |
| CN205280548U (en) | Simple and easy detection device of concrete porosity of permeating water | |
| CN108362626A (en) | General device for measuring water and gas permeability coefficient of concrete | |
| CN208187929U (en) | A kind of fexible unit measuring concrete water, impervious coefficient | |
| CN201673107U (en) | Device for measuring saturated water conductivity of soil by variable hydraulic head method | |
| CN107144514B (en) | Device for radial penetration experiment of cylindrical hollow soil sample and using method | |
| CN205175883U (en) | Quick measuring device of soil sample osmotic coefficient | |
| CN206095880U (en) | Joint appearance is concretied in infiltration | |
| CN206270211U (en) | Soil body horizontal infiltration coefficient measuring equipment under a kind of different pressures | |
| CN206638555U (en) | A kind of water permeability coefficient of water permeable brick test device simple to operate | |
| CN106501159A (en) | Particulate infiltration migration assay device and its method based on opposite opened osmos tube | |
| WO2023124090A1 (en) | Pollutant migration soil column apparatus used for plastic concrete, and test method thereof | |
| CN110261202A (en) | A kind of grouting sample preparation device | |
| CN207516212U (en) | Device for testing permeability coefficient | |
| CN207850876U (en) | A kind of bentonite waterproof blanket test specimen tube and the apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient containing the test specimen tube | |
| CN205475365U (en) | Not drainage loading test device of fixed side limit embedded rock pile | |
| CN203490100U (en) | In-situ sampling and on-line testing device for sewage plant and water recycling plant | |
| CN205665147U (en) | Non -sand large aperture concrete permeation coefficient test device | |
| CN206292140U (en) | A kind of particulate infiltration migration experimental rig based on opposite opened osmos tube | |
| CN214374157U (en) | Cement soil permeability coefficient measuring device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: No. 2, Da Liu Shu Road, Haidian District, Beijing Applicant after: CARS RAILWAY ENGINEERING Research Institute Applicant after: CHINA ACADEMY OF RAILWAY SCIENCES Corp.,Ltd. Applicant after: BEIJING TIEFENG CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Address before: No. 2, Da Liu Shu Road, Haidian District, Beijing Applicant before: CHINA ACADEMY OF RAILWAY SCIENCES RAILWAY ENGINEERING Research Institute Applicant before: CHINA ACADEMY OF RAILWAY SCIENCES Applicant before: BEIJING TIEFENG CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180518 |