CN108046113B

CN108046113B - Lifting machine

Info

Publication number: CN108046113B
Application number: CN201711477522.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘爱平
Original assignee: Jinhua Six And Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jinhua Liuhe Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-29
Filing date: 2017-12-29
Publication date: 2020-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-29
Also published as: CN111039146B; CN108046113A; CN111017771B; CN111017771A; CN111039146A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lifter, belonging to the field of transport machinery, which is characterized in that: comprises a rope roller, a pulley and a hanger; two sections of ropes are respectively wound on the rope rollers, and each rope is provided with a lifting appliance; the rope roller comprises a winding drum, a rope, a base and a gear box; the gear box is positioned at one end of the winding drum and comprises a box cover, an internal gear, a side plate of the winding drum and an internal structure of the side plate; the gear box comprises a gear, a connecting rod, a rocker, a fixed plate and an arc-shaped plate; an inner gear is fixedly connected on the outer side surface of the side plate where the gear box is positioned; an accelerating gear set and a decelerating gear set are arranged in the gear box, a second gear of the accelerating gear set is connected with the rocker through a sliding block, the decelerating gear set is connected with the arc-shaped plate, and the arc-shaped plate is connected with the sliding block through a sleeve and a push rod. Compared with the prior art have the characteristics of low energy consumption, efficient.

Description

Lifting machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a transport machine, in particular to a lift suitable for vertical transport of goods.

Background

Vertical transport of goods is a common form of cargo transport, transporting goods from a low location to a high location and transporting goods from a high location to a low location. It is often used in factories, construction sites, and the like. When an article is conveyed from a high position to a low position, the article can freely fall under the action of the gravity of the article, so that a certain technical means is required to limit the conveying speed of the article on a conveying machine, for example, a motor driving and friction mode is adopted to limit the speed, and the like, wherein the motor speed limiting mode needs power consumption, the friction speed limiting mode has certain abrasion, and the article is easy to abrade and fail after being used for a long time, so that certain potential safety hazards are generated.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical task of the invention is to provide a lifter with low energy consumption and high efficiency aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: an elevator characterized by: comprises a rope roller, a pulley and a hanger; two sections of ropes are respectively wound on the rope rollers, two pulleys are respectively arranged on two sides of each rope roller, one end of each rope freely hangs down by winding the pulley, and a lifting appliance is respectively arranged at the hanging end; the rope roller comprises a winding drum, a rope, a base and a gear box; the winding drum comprises a drum body structure and circular side plates fixed at two ends of the drum body structure, wherein the drum body structure is divided into two sections, each section is respectively wound with a rope, and the winding directions of the two ropes are opposite; the gearbox is positioned at one end of the winding drum and comprises a box cover, an internal gear, a side plate of the winding drum and an internal structure of the side plate, and the box cover is a cylindrical shell structure with an opening at the inner end coaxial with the winding drum; the spindle is arranged at the axes of the winding drum and the gear box, the spindle is fixedly connected with the box cover, and the winding drum can rotate around the spindle; the base is respectively fixedly connected with the main shaft and the box cover; the gear box comprises a gear, a connecting rod, a rocker, a fixed plate and an arc-shaped plate; an internal gear is fixedly connected to the outer side face of the side plate where the gear box is located, the internal gear is coaxial with the main shaft, the fixing plate is located in the position, close to the inner side, in the cavity of the internal gear, and the fixing plate is fixedly connected with the main shaft; an acceleration gear set and a deceleration gear set are arranged in the gear box, and the acceleration gear set and the deceleration gear set are respectively composed of a series of duplicate gears and a gear; the accelerating gear set is positioned in the gear box and close to the inner side, and the decelerating gear set is positioned in the gear box and close to the outer side; the accelerating gear set comprises a series of duplicate gears and a gear, wherein the gear is positioned at the tail end of the accelerating gear set, the gear is set to be a second gear, and the first duplicate gear in the accelerating gear set is set to be a first gear; the large gear of the front duplicate gear is meshed with the small gear of the back duplicate gear in the acceleration gear set, and the diameter of the large gear of the front duplicate gear is larger than that of the small gear of the back duplicate gear, so that the acceleration effect can be achieved, the small gear of the first gear is meshed with the inner gear, and the large gear of the last duplicate gear is meshed with the second gear; a strip-shaped cavity moving along the radial direction of the second gear is arranged in the second gear, a sliding block is arranged in the cavity, the sliding block can slide in the cavity along the radial direction of the second gear, strip-shaped openings are respectively arranged in the inner side direction and the outer side direction of the cavity, and the widths of the two strip-shaped openings are smaller than the width of the sliding block; the inner side of the sliding block is fixedly provided with a connecting block, the connecting block extends out from an opening at the inner side of the sliding block, the extending end is hinged with one end of a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with a rocker, one end of the rocker is provided with a horizontal hole, a horizontal shaft penetrates through the horizontal hole, the rocker can rotate around the horizontal shaft, and the other end of the rocker is provided with a balance weight; a sleeve is arranged in the outer side direction of the second gear, the sleeve is nested on a shaft where the second gear is located, a spring is arranged between the sleeve and the second gear, a push rod is further arranged between the sleeve and the sliding block, and two ends of the push rod are respectively hinged with the sleeve and the sliding block; the reduction gear set comprises a series of duplicate gears and a gear, wherein the gear is positioned at the head end of the reduction gear set, the gear is set to be a third gear, the third gear is coaxial with the first gear, and the first gear and the third gear are fixedly connected with a gear shaft where the first gear and the third gear are positioned; the pinion of the previous duplicate gear is meshed with the bull gear of the next duplicate gear in the reduction gear set, and the diameter of the pinion of the previous duplicate gear is smaller than that of the bull gear of the next duplicate gear; setting the last gear in the reduction gear set to be a fourth gear; the arc-shaped plate is positioned in the outer side direction of the reduction gear set, and the axis of the arc-shaped plate is parallel to the horizontal direction of the main shaft; the outer side edges of the arc-shaped plates are respectively provided with flanges protruding from two sides, so that the cross sections of the arc-shaped plates form a T-shaped structure, the box cover is provided with an arc-shaped groove which is matched with the arc-shaped plates and has a T-shaped section, and the outer side edges of the arc-shaped plates are positioned in the arc-shaped groove, so that the arc-shaped plates can slide along the arc-shaped groove; a series of teeth are arranged on the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped plate to form an arc-shaped rack structure, and the arc-shaped rack is meshed with a pinion of the fourth gear; the inner side edge of the arc-shaped plate is propped against the outer end face of the sleeve; the two ends of the arc plate are respectively provided with an inclined plane which inclines towards the inner side direction, so that the inner side edge of the arc plate forms a concave structure with the middle concave and the two sides convex outwards.

The pinion and the third gear of the duplicate gear in the reduction gear set are nonstandard gears, and each gear is provided with one or more teeth; and the inclined plane of the arc-shaped plate and the sleeve meet the self-locking requirement.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding beneficial effects:

1. the speed is limited by adopting a non-friction mode, and the equipment abrasion is small;

2. the energy consumption is low;

3. the two sections of ropes convey goods in turn, so that the efficiency is high;

4. in the conveying process, the middle speed is high, the two ends are slow, and the overall conveying speed is high.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural view of a rope roll in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an accelerating gearset in the gearbox of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a reduction gear set in the gear box of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a gear box in embodiment 1 of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the deployment of the gears within the gear box of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rope roller and a motor in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a gear box in embodiment 3 of the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

In embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention includes a rope roller 1, a pulley 3, and a hoist 4. Two sections of ropes 2 are respectively wound on the rope roller 1, pulleys 3 are respectively arranged on two sides of the rope roller 1, one end of each rope 2 is wound around the pulley 3 to freely hang down, a lifting appliance 4 is respectively arranged at the hanging end, and the lifting appliances 4 on the two sections of ropes 2 are separated by a certain distance under the action of the two pulleys 3, so that goods on the two lifting appliances 4 are not interfered with each other. The lifting appliance 4 is a device which is fixed on the rope 2 and can lift goods, the specific structure of the lifting appliance depends on the type of the goods, and devices such as a lifting hook, a lifting belt, a lifting ring and a lifting sucker can be adopted according to different types of the goods.

The structure of the rope roller 1 is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a winding drum 9, a rope 2, a base 5 and a gear box.

The winding drum 9 comprises a cylindrical structure and circular side plates 8 fixed at two ends of the cylindrical structure, wherein the cylindrical structure is divided into two sections, each section is respectively wound with one rope 2, and the winding directions of the two ropes 2 are opposite, so that one rope 2 is retracted and the other rope 2 is released when the cylindrical structure rotates.

For convenience of description, the direction toward the spool 9 in the gear box is set to be the inner side, and the opposite direction is set to be the outer side.

The gearbox is positioned at one end of the winding drum 9 and comprises a box cover 6, an internal gear 7, a side plate 8 of the winding drum 9 and an internal structure of the side plate, wherein the box cover 6 is a cylindrical shell structure with an opening at the inner end coaxial with the winding drum 9. The reel 9 and the gear box are provided with a main shaft 17 at the axes, the main shaft 17 is fixedly connected with the box cover 6, and the reel 9 can rotate around the main shaft 17. The base 5 is respectively fixedly connected with the main shaft 17 and the box cover 6, and the base 5 is provided with a connecting hole or other structures which can be used for fixing. The invention can be fixed on a wall surface or other fixed structure through the base 5.

The gear box comprises a gear, a connecting rod 13, a rocker 15, a fixed plate 16 and an arc-shaped plate 19.

The gear box is fixedly connected with an internal gear 7 on the outer side surface of the side plate 8, the internal gear 7 is coaxial with a main shaft 17, the fixing plate 16 is positioned at the position close to the inner side in the cavity of the internal gear 7, and the fixing plate 16 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 17. An accelerating gear set and a decelerating gear set are arranged in the gear box, and the accelerating gear set and the decelerating gear set are respectively composed of a series of double gears and a gear. The dual gear comprises two gears which are fixedly connected and coaxial and have different sizes. For ease of description, the prefix "gear" two word in this document refers specifically to a non-duplex external gear. Wherein the accelerating gear set is positioned in the gear box at a position close to the inner side, and the decelerating gear set is positioned in the gear box at a position close to the outer side. The accelerating gear set includes a series of duplicate gears and a gear 11, wherein the gear 11 is located at the end of the accelerating gear set, the gear is set to be the second gear 11, and the first duplicate gear in the accelerating gear set is set to be the first gear 10. The big gear of the previous duplicate gear is meshed with the small gear of the next duplicate gear in the acceleration gear set, and the diameter of the big gear of the previous duplicate gear is larger than that of the small gear of the next duplicate gear, so that the acceleration effect can be achieved, the small gear of the first duplicate gear 10 is meshed with the inner gear 7, and the big gear of the last duplicate gear is meshed with the second gear 11.

A strip-shaped cavity 24 which runs along the radial direction of the second gear 11 is arranged in the second gear 11, a sliding block 12 is arranged in the cavity 24, the sliding block 12 can slide in the cavity 24 along the radial direction of the second gear 11, strip-

shaped openings

23 and 25 are respectively arranged in the inner side and the outer side of the cavity 24, and the widths of the two strip-

shaped openings

23 and 25 are smaller than the width of the sliding block 12. The inner side of the sliding block 12 is fixedly provided with a connecting block 22, the connecting block 22 extends out from an opening at the inner side of the sliding block 12, an extending end is hinged with one end of the connecting rod 13, the other end of the connecting rod 13 is hinged with the rocker 15, one end of the rocker 15 is provided with a horizontal hole 45, a horizontal shaft 46 penetrates through the horizontal hole 45, the rocker 15 can rotate around the horizontal shaft 46, and the other end of the rocker 15 is provided with a balance weight 14. When the second gear 11 rotates, the rocker 15 is driven to swing through the action of the connecting rod 13.

The sleeve 21 is arranged in the outer side direction of the second gear 11, the sleeve 21 is nested on the shaft where the second gear 11 is located, a spring 27 is arranged between the sleeve 21 and the second gear 11, the sleeve 21 is ejected out in the outer side direction under the action of the spring 27, a push rod 26 is further arranged between the sleeve 21 and the slider 12, two ends of the push rod 26 are respectively hinged with the sleeve 21 and the slider 12, when the sleeve 21 moves in the inner side direction, the slider 12 is pushed in the direction away from the axis of the second gear 11 under the action of the push rod 26, the hinged part of the connecting block 22 and the connecting rod 13 moves in the same direction after the slider 12 moves, and therefore when the second gear 11 rotates, the rotating radius of the hinged end of the connecting rod 13 and the connecting block 22 is increased, and the swinging amplitude of the rocker 15 is increased.

The reduction gear set comprises a series of duplicate gears and a gear 18, wherein the gear 18 is located at the head end of the reduction gear set, the gear is set to be a third gear 18, the third gear 18 is coaxial with the first gear 10, and the first gear 10 and the third gear 18 are fixedly connected with a gear shaft where the first gear 10 and the third gear 18 are located, so that the third gear 18 can be driven to rotate when the first gear 10 rotates. The pinion of the previous duplicate gear is meshed with the bull gear of the next duplicate gear in the reduction gear set, and the diameter of the pinion of the previous duplicate gear is smaller than that of the bull gear of the next duplicate gear, so that the reduction gear set can play a role in reducing speed. In order to achieve a larger transmission ratio, the pinions of the duplicate gears and the third gear 18 in the reduction gear set may use non-standard gears, i.e. only one or several teeth on each gear, so that after one rotation of the gear, the rotation angle of the latter gear can be reduced. So that the gear ratio of the reduction gear set can be increased. The last gear in the set of reduction gears is set to gear number four 20.

The arc plate 19 is located at the outer side direction of the speed reducing gear set, and the axis of the arc plate 19 is parallel to the horizontal direction of the main shaft 17. The outer edge of the arc plate 19 is respectively provided with a flange 30 protruding from two sides, so that the cross section of the arc plate 19 forms a T-shaped structure, the box cover 6 is provided with an arc groove 29 which is matched with the arc plate 19 and has a T-shaped section, and the outer edge of the arc plate 19 is positioned in the arc groove 29, so that the arc plate 19 can slide along the arc groove 29. The inner arc surface of the arc plate 19 is provided with a series of teeth to form an arc rack structure, and the arc rack is meshed with the pinion of the fourth gear 20. The arc plate 19 can be driven to slowly slide along the arc groove 29 on which the arc plate is arranged through the action of the speed reducing gear set. The inner edge of the arc plate 19 abuts against the outer end face of said sleeve 21. Inclined planes 28 inclined towards the inner side direction are respectively arranged at two ends of the arc-shaped plate 19, so that the inner side edge of the arc-shaped plate 19 forms a concave structure with the middle concave and the two sides convex outwards.

When the third gear 18 or the pinion gear in the reduction gear set uses a non-standard gear, the self-locking requirement is met between the inclined surface 28 of the arc-shaped plate 19 and the sleeve 21. The self-locking is that when the sleeve 21 is pressed against the arc-shaped plate inclined surface 28, the arc-shaped plate 19 can slide under the action of the elastic force of the spring 27, and a friction force exists between the arc-shaped plate inclined surface 28 and the sleeve 21, and when the friction force is large enough, the arc-shaped plate 19 cannot slide under the action of the sleeve 21, the self-locking requirement is met. In order to meet all the requirements that the inclination angle of the arc-shaped plate inclined plane 28 can be properly reduced, the contact surface of the arc-shaped plate 19 and the sleeve 21 can also be made of a material with a larger friction coefficient.

When the two ends of the arc plate 19 move to the position of the sleeve 21, the arc plate inclined plane 28 pushes the sleeve 21 towards the inner side direction, so that the sleeve 21 moves towards the inner side direction, the slide block 12 is pushed towards the direction far away from the axle center of the second gear 11 by the action of the push rod 26, and the swing amplitude of the rocker 15 is increased.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: during the use, put the goods on hoist 4, the gravity through the goods stimulates rope 2 and falls down, drives reel 9 through rope 2 and rotates, and internal gear 7 on the gear box is rotatory along with reel curb plate 8, and internal gear 7 drives a gear 10 and No. three gear 18 rotation, and a gear 10 drives No. two gears 11 high-speed rotations through the acceleration gear group, drives the high-speed swing of rocker 15 through connecting rod 13. When a certain force is applied to the rocking bar 15 through the connecting rod 13, the rocking bar 15 swings at a constant period, and the gears rotate at a stable speed, so that the heavy object on the rope 2 can slowly fall at a constant speed without free-falling movement, and the object is prevented from being broken. When the acting force is constant, the swinging frequency of the rocker 15 is in inverse proportion to the swinging amplitude of the rocker 15, namely the larger the swinging amplitude is, the lower the swinging frequency of the rocker 15 is, so that the rotating speed of each gear is reduced, and finally the falling speed of the rope 2 is reduced.

The third gear 18 drives the arc plate 19 to move slowly through the reduction gear set, when goods fall to the ground quickly, the inclined plane 28 on the inner side edge of the arc plate 19 moves to the sleeve 21, the swinging amplitude of the rocker 15 is increased under the action of the sleeve 21, the push rod 26, the slider 12, the connecting block 22 and the connecting rod 13 in sequence, the falling speed of the goods is reduced, and therefore the goods fall to the ground at a slow speed, and the goods are prevented from being broken. When the article is in the middle position of whereabouts, the whereabouts speed is very fast to can accelerate the transportation speed, improve the operating efficiency. When the article is transported again, it is placed on the spreader 4 of another rope 2, whereby the drum 9 is reversed and the spreader 4 on the ground is lifted.

In example 2, the present example was used for transportation of powdery and granular materials. As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment includes a rope roller 1, a pulley 3, a hopper 31, and a swinging hopper 48. The structure of the rope roller 1 and the pulley 3 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is not repeated in the embodiment.

The lower ends of the two ropes 2 are respectively connected with a hopper 31, and the lower ends of the ropes 2 are divided into a plurality of strands which are respectively fixedly connected with the periphery of the hopper 31. The bottom of the hopper 31 is provided with a vertical supporting rod 32, the upper end of the supporting rod 32 is hinged with the hopper 31, wherein the hinged position is located at the edge position of the bottom of the hopper 31, and the lower end of the supporting rod 32 is fixedly connected with a horizontal seat 33. When the hopper 31 slowly falls down, firstly, the horizontal seat 33 is landed, the hopper 31 is supported by the supporting rod 32, then the hopper 31 rotates around the upper end of the supporting rod 32, then the hopper 31 is inclined and turned upside down, and the materials in the hopper 31 are scattered out, thereby completing a round of feeding process.

The swinging bucket 48 is positioned below the rope roller 1 and between the two drooping ropes 2. The swinging bucket 48 comprises a bottom plate 36, side walls 35 and partition plates 37, wherein the side walls 35 are positioned at the front side and the rear side, a space with an upper part and two sides opened is enclosed by the bottom plate 36 and the side walls 35, and the partition plates 37 are perpendicular to the bottom plate 36 and are arranged at the middle position of the space and evenly divide the space into two parts. The middle position of the swing bucket side wall 35 is hinged with a frame body 38, and the frame body 38 is fixedly arranged on a certain fixing device. The gravity center of the swinging bucket 48 is higher than the position of the hinge joint, and the gravity center height of the swinging bucket 48 can be increased by installing a heavy object above the side wall 35 or the partition 37.

A feeding device 34 is arranged right above the swinging hopper 48, and the feeding device 34 is used for adding powdery or granular materials to be transported into the swinging hopper 48. The feeding device 34 may be a conveyer belt or the like.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: because the focus of swing fill 48 is located the top of articulated department, swing fill 48 during natural state is partial to one side, and the one side that the opening was up is located feed arrangement 34 under to feed arrangement 34 falls the opening that the material got into swing fill 48 and is towards the upside, after the opening was filled with the material to the upside through a period of time, deflected downwards through the action of gravity this side, thereby the material falls from this side, and the other side opening upwards deflects simultaneously, and the material in the feed arrangement 34 falls into in the opposite side. The material in the swing hopper 48 whose opening is toward the lower side falls into the hopper 31 on the side, the hopper 31 on the side slowly falls by gravity, the hopper 31 finishes automatic discharge when the hopper horizontal seat 33 lands, and starts to fall when the hopper 31 on the other side is full, and the hopper 31 which finishes discharge is lifted upward. The swing hoppers 48 feed materials into the hoppers 31 on the left and right sides in turn by swinging left and right. The full automation of feeding, conveying and discharging is realized through the device, no manual work is needed, and no power consumption is needed.

In embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the present embodiment includes a rope roller 1, a pulley 3, a hoist 4, and a motor 44. In example 1 and example 2, the material is mainly used for transporting from top to bottom, but cannot be transported from bottom to top. In this embodiment, the motor 44 is added, so that the material can be transported from bottom to top. This embodiment is derived from embodiment 1, and some structures are the same as embodiment 1, and since the above has been described in detail, the same parts will not be described in detail in this embodiment, and only the differences will be described in detail.

For convenience of description, the side plate of the two drums 9 is the first side plate 41, and the other side plate is the second side plate 47.

The two sides of the internal gear 7 facing the box cover 6 and the first side plate 41 are respectively provided with a series of teeth 40, the sides of the box cover 6 and the first side plate 41 close to the internal gear 7 are also provided with a series of teeth, and the teeth 40 on the internal gear 7 can be meshed with the teeth on the box cover 6 or the first side plate 41 respectively, so that synchronous movement is realized. Specifically, when the internal gear 7 moves towards the outside direction, the internal gear can be meshed with the box cover 6 through the teeth 40 and separated from the first side plate 41; when the internal gear 7 moves in the inward direction, it can be engaged with the first side plate 41 by the teeth 40 and disengaged from the case cover 6. Hasps 39 are respectively arranged between the first side plate 41 and the internal gear 7 and between the internal gear 7 and the box cover 6, and the internal gear 7 can be fixedly connected with the box cover 6 and the first side plate 41 through the hasps 39.

The second side plate 47 of the reel is fixedly provided with a reel gear 42, the output shaft of the motor 44 is provided with a motor gear 43 meshed with the reel gear 42, and the reel 9 is driven to rotate under the action of the motor 44, so that the goods can be lifted.

When goods are transported downwards through the device, the inner gear 7 is connected with the first side plate 41 through the hasp 39, at the moment, the inner gear 7 rotates along with the first side plate 41, and the specific working principle and the working process are the same as those of embodiment 1. When upwards transporting goods through this device, be connected internal gear 7 with the apron through hasp 39 to internal gear 7 breaks away from with a curb plate 41 mutually, and when reel 9 rotated under the drive of motor 44, the gear in the gear box did not rotate, and the gear box no longer restricts the motion of reel 9, thereby reel 9 can promote the goods fast under the drive of motor 44.

For a common cargo lifting machine, the working process of the cargo lifting machine is that firstly the motor 44 rotates forwards to lift the cargo, then the motor 44 rotates backwards to put down the lifting appliance 4, and in the process of rotating backwards, power is consumed, a certain time is occupied, and the working efficiency is influenced. In this embodiment, because the reel 9 has two sections of ropes 2, when promoting the goods, two sections of ropes 2 can work in turn, consequently no matter the motor 44 is corotation or reversal, all is promoting the work of goods, therefore this embodiment for traditional goods hoisting device, has both saved the energy consumption and has improved work efficiency again.

It should be noted that while the invention has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various obvious changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An elevator comprises a rope roller, a pulley and a hanger; two sections of ropes are respectively wound on the rope rollers, two pulleys are respectively arranged on two sides of each rope roller, one end of each rope freely hangs down by winding the pulley, and a lifting appliance is respectively arranged at the hanging end; the method is characterized in that: the rope roller comprises a winding drum, a rope, a base and a gear box; the winding drum comprises a drum body structure and circular side plates fixed at two ends of the drum body structure, wherein the drum body structure is divided into two sections, each section is respectively wound with a rope, and the winding directions of the two ropes are opposite; the gearbox is positioned at one end of the winding drum and comprises a box cover, an internal gear, a side plate of the winding drum and an internal structure of the side plate, and the box cover is a cylindrical shell structure with an opening at the inner end coaxial with the winding drum; the spindle is arranged at the axes of the winding drum and the gear box, the spindle is fixedly connected with the box cover, and the winding drum can rotate around the spindle; the base is respectively fixedly connected with the main shaft and the box cover; the gear box comprises a gear, a connecting rod, a rocker, a fixed plate and an arc-shaped plate; an internal gear is fixedly connected to the outer side face of the side plate where the gear box is located, the internal gear is coaxial with the main shaft, the fixing plate is located in the position, close to the inner side, in the cavity of the internal gear, and the fixing plate is fixedly connected with the main shaft; an acceleration gear set and a deceleration gear set are arranged in the gear box, and the acceleration gear set and the deceleration gear set are respectively composed of a series of duplicate gears and a gear; the accelerating gear set is positioned in the gear box and close to the inner side, and the decelerating gear set is positioned in the gear box and close to the outer side; the accelerating gear set comprises a series of duplicate gears and a gear, wherein the gear is positioned at the tail end of the accelerating gear set, the gear is set to be a second gear, and the first duplicate gear in the accelerating gear set is set to be a first gear; the large gear of the front duplicate gear is meshed with the small gear of the back duplicate gear in the acceleration gear set, and the diameter of the large gear of the front duplicate gear is larger than that of the small gear of the back duplicate gear, so that the acceleration effect can be achieved, the small gear of the first gear is meshed with the inner gear, and the large gear of the last duplicate gear is meshed with the second gear; a strip-shaped cavity moving along the radial direction of the second gear is arranged in the second gear, a sliding block is arranged in the cavity, the sliding block can slide in the cavity along the radial direction of the second gear, strip-shaped openings are respectively arranged in the inner side direction and the outer side direction of the cavity, and the widths of the two strip-shaped openings are smaller than the width of the sliding block; the inner side of the sliding block is fixedly provided with a connecting block, the connecting block extends out from an opening at the inner side of the sliding block, the extending end is hinged with one end of a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with a rocker, one end of the rocker is provided with a horizontal hole, a horizontal shaft penetrates through the horizontal hole, the rocker can rotate around the horizontal shaft, and the other end of the rocker is provided with a balance weight; a sleeve is arranged in the outer side direction of the second gear, the sleeve is nested on a shaft where the second gear is located, a spring is arranged between the sleeve and the second gear, a push rod is further arranged between the sleeve and the sliding block, and two ends of the push rod are respectively hinged with the sleeve and the sliding block; the reduction gear set comprises a series of duplicate gears and a gear, wherein the gear is positioned at the head end of the reduction gear set, the gear is set to be a third gear, the third gear is coaxial with the first gear, and the first gear and the third gear are fixedly connected with a gear shaft where the first gear and the third gear are positioned; the pinion of the previous duplicate gear is meshed with the bull gear of the next duplicate gear in the reduction gear set, and the diameter of the pinion of the previous duplicate gear is smaller than that of the bull gear of the next duplicate gear; setting the last gear in the reduction gear set to be a fourth gear; the arc-shaped plate is positioned in the outer side direction of the reduction gear set, and the axis of the arc-shaped plate is parallel to the horizontal direction of the main shaft; the outer side edges of the arc-shaped plates are respectively provided with flanges protruding from two sides, so that the cross sections of the arc-shaped plates form a T-shaped structure, the box cover is provided with an arc-shaped groove which is matched with the arc-shaped plates and has a T-shaped section, and the outer side edges of the arc-shaped plates are positioned in the arc-shaped groove, so that the arc-shaped plates can slide along the arc-shaped groove; a series of teeth are arranged on the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped plate to form an arc-shaped rack structure, and the arc-shaped rack is meshed with a pinion of the fourth gear; the inner side edge of the arc-shaped plate is propped against the outer end face of the sleeve; the two ends of the arc plate are respectively provided with an inclined plane which inclines towards the inner side direction, so that the inner side edge of the arc plate forms a concave structure with the middle concave and the two sides convex outwards.

2. An elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pinion and the third gear of the duplicate gear in the reduction gear set are nonstandard gears, and each gear is provided with one or more teeth; and the inclined plane of the arc-shaped plate and the sleeve meet the self-locking requirement.