CN108045060B - Explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108045060B
CN108045060B CN201711270967.1A CN201711270967A CN108045060B CN 108045060 B CN108045060 B CN 108045060B CN 201711270967 A CN201711270967 A CN 201711270967A CN 108045060 B CN108045060 B CN 108045060B
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CN108045060A (en
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谢云
王绪超
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Aerospace Science And Industry Wuhan Magnetism Electron Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of multifunctional materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing an explosion-proof skin by using quartz fibers and unsaturated resin, preparing an electric loss wave absorbing plate, preparing a magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, preparing a broadband interlayer wave absorbing material, and sequentially attaching the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material and the explosion-proof skin to a reflection bottom plate. The prepared anti-explosion broadband wave-absorbing composite material is of a layered structure and comprises a reflecting substrate, a broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and an anti-explosion skin which are sequentially contacted. The preparation method overcomes the technical obstacle that the wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof material are difficult to combine, and is simple and easy to implement industrially. The prepared composite material has the functions of explosion prevention and broadband wave absorption, has the characteristics of good low-frequency performance, wide absorption frequency band, low surface density and excellent environmental performance, not only solves the problem of explosion prevention of products, but also has the function of broadband wave absorption.

Description

Explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multifunctional materials, in particular to an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increase of the demand of military and civil electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials, various electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials are widely researched and used, most of the existing wave-absorbing materials are considered from the aspect of single wave-absorbing, and other structural functions are less considered, so that the application prospect of the wave-absorbing materials in certain fields is limited.
The invention patent (201510607620.6) provides a honeycomb high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing structure material, which consists of a silicon rubber wave-absorbing layer, an aluminum alloy honeycomb structure layer and an isocyanate composite material layer. The aluminum alloy honeycomb structure layer is provided with a first wave absorbing coating and a second wave absorbing coating, and the first wave absorbing coating and the second wave absorbing coating are respectively composed of 3-18% of carbon powder and the balance of isocyanate, and 17-25% of sheet carbonyl and the balance of isocyanate. The invention patent (201210184823.5) provides a low-frequency broadband electromagnetic wave absorption structure, which is characterized in that a wave absorption structure layer is arranged on a metal floor and comprises a plurality of same structural units, each wave absorption unit is composed of a square foam material layer and a square resistive film arranged on the foam material, a square hole is arranged in the square resistive film, and 4 gaps are arranged on the square resistive film along the diagonal line. The materials have certain wave-absorbing performance, but the wave-absorbing materials need to be improved in the aspects of wave-absorbing material composition, wave-absorbing structure design, environmental adaptability and the like.
The existing broadband wave-absorbing composite materials basically have no explosion-proof performance, and the professional explosion-proof materials do not consider the broadband wave-absorbing performance, so that the composite materials can not realize the dual functions of explosion prevention and broadband wave absorption at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material which integrates the functions of explosion prevention and broadband wave absorption and has the characteristics of good low-frequency performance, wide absorption frequency band, low surface density and high environmental performance.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material, which can realize the integration of the explosion-proof and broadband wave-absorbing functions of the product, and has the advantages of simple preparation method and easy industrial implementation.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a preparation method of an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing an explosion-proof skin by using quartz fibers and unsaturated resin;
calcining the wave absorbing agent at 300-500 ℃ for 3-5 h, soaking in strong acid for 0.5-1.5 h, washing, drying, and dispersing the treated wave absorbing agent in glue solution; coating the obtained glue solution containing the wave absorbing agent on a foam substrate to prepare an electric loss wave absorbing plate;
dispersing a coating containing metal wave-absorbing powder, epoxy resin and a diluent in an emulsifier, and adding a curing agent to obtain a wave-absorbing coating; coating the wave-absorbing coating on a foam base material to prepare a magnetic loss wave-absorbing plate;
sequentially overlapping and laying the electric loss wave absorbing plate, the epoxy film and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, and heating and forming to obtain the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material; and
and sequentially attaching the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof skin to the reflection bottom plate.
The anti-explosion broadband wave-absorbing composite material prepared by the preparation method is of a layered structure and comprises a reflection substrate, a broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and an anti-explosion skin which are sequentially contacted.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention comprise:
the preparation method of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material provided by the disclosure comprises the steps of preparing an explosion-proof skin and a broadband sandwich wave-absorbing material (comprising an electric loss wave-absorbing plate and a magnetic loss wave-absorbing plate), and attaching the explosion-proof skin and the broadband sandwich wave-absorbing material to a reflection bottom plate to form the composite material with a sandwich-shaped layered structure. The explosion-proof skin prepared by the invention is prepared from an explosion-proof material, has excellent explosion-proof characteristic, and is low in dielectric constant, thereby facilitating the incidence of electromagnetic waves into the composite material; meanwhile, the explosion-proof skin has the characteristic of transmitting electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic waves can completely penetrate through the explosion-proof skin without being reflected when encountering the composite material; in addition, because the impedance between the explosion-proof skin and the wave-absorbing material is matched, the electromagnetic waves can be effectively prevented from being reflected back between the explosion-proof skin and the wave-absorbing material due to impedance mismatching. When electromagnetic waves enter the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material, the energy of the electromagnetic waves can be lost through the electric loss wave-absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave-absorbing plate. Therefore, the preparation method overcomes the technical obstacle that the wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof material are difficult to combine, is simple and is easy to implement industrially. The prepared composite material has the functions of explosion prevention and broadband wave absorption, has the characteristics of good low-frequency performance, wide absorption frequency band, low surface density and excellent environmental performance, not only solves the problem of explosion prevention of products, but also has the function of broadband wave absorption.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a stealth performance test result of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material in experimental example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a stealth performance test result of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material in experimental example 1 of the invention.
Reference numbers: 110-explosion-proof skin; 120-broadband sandwich wave-absorbing material; 130-reflective substrate.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The present embodiment provides an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material, which is a layered structure, as shown in fig. 1, and includes a reflective substrate 120, a broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material 130, and an explosion-proof skin 110, which are sequentially in contact with each other.
The explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material provided by the embodiment integrates functions of explosion prevention and broadband wave absorption, and has the following key technology in the combination material of the explosion-proof characteristic and the broadband wave-absorbing characteristic: the explosion-proof skin has explosion-proof performance and is positioned on the surface of the material, and in order to enable the material to have explosion-proof and stealth characteristics, the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material is added below the explosion-proof skin. On the combination of explosion-proof and wave-absorbing materials, on one hand, an explosion-proof skin is used as a surface layer, the dielectric constant is as low as possible, and electromagnetic waves are favorably incident into the composite material and absorbed in the material; on the other hand, the impedance of the skin and the impedance of the interlayer wave-absorbing material are matched, so that the electromagnetic waves are prevented from being reflected back due to impedance mismatching between the skin and the interlayer wave-absorbing material.
The preparation method of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material comprises the following steps:
and step S1, preparing the explosion-proof skin by using the quartz fiber and the unsaturated resin.
The explosion-proof skin is a surface layer of a composite material, has an explosion-proof function structurally, and has the characteristic of transmitting electromagnetic waves in a wave absorbing function.
At present, the most widely used explosion-proof materials are para-aramid fiber (P-ARF), ultra-high relative molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), high-strength quartz fiber, and in addition, the more expensive poly (P-Phenylene Benzobisoxazole) (PBO), pyridine aramid fiber (M-5) and the like, and can only be applied to special fields.
The preparation method of the explosion-proof skin comprises the following steps: cutting para-aramid fiber (P-ARF), high-strength quartz fiber, ultra-high relative molecular weight polyethylene and the like according to specifications, coating unsaturated resin between explosion-proof materials, putting the materials into a metal mold, and molding by adopting a bag pressing molding mode, wherein the bag pressing molding pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, the vacuum pumping and bag pressing time is 2-6 hours, the temperature is 80-160 ℃, and taking out a sample piece after cooling to room temperature.
Compared with para-aramid fiber, polyethylene with ultrahigh relative molecular mass and pyridine aramid fiber, the explosion-proof skin made of the pyridine aramid fiber has low dielectric constant, is favorable for transmission of electromagnetic waves, and is favorable for improving stealth performance under the condition of ensuring explosion-proof performance.
Step S2, preparing the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps:
a) preparing an electrical loss absorption wave plate: calcining the wave absorbing agent at 300-500 ℃ for 3-5 h, soaking in strong acid for 0.5-1.5 h, washing, drying, and dispersing the treated wave absorbing agent in glue solution; and coating the obtained glue solution containing the wave absorbing agent on a foam substrate to obtain the electric loss wave absorbing plate.
Wherein the wave absorbing agent comprises at least one of carbon fiber, carbon black, carbon nano tube and barium titanate. In the specific preparation process, the type of the wave absorbing agent can be selected according to the product performance requirement required to be designed. Preferably, the wave absorbing agent is carbon fiber, and optionally, the wave absorbing agent is chopped carbon fiber.
The content of the wave absorbing agent can also be calculated according to the target product performance according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001495573450000061
in the formula, cWave absorbing agentIs the concentration of wave-absorbing agent, WWave absorbing agentIs the mass of the wave absorber, WEpoxy glue filmThe quality of the epoxy glue film.
The wave absorbing agent is in the shape of one or more of sheet, sphere, fiber, rod, flower, tree and irregular. The cross section of the wave absorbing agent is polygonal or irregular. When the shape or the section of the absorbent is different, the absorbent has the characteristics of different sizes, length-diameter ratios and the like. When electromagnetic waves are incident into the wave-absorbing material, due to the fact that the wavelengths of different frequency bands are different, the sensitivity degrees of absorbers with different shapes or cross sections to different wavelengths are different, the absorption intensity of the electromagnetic waves at the same frequency is greatly different, and the wave-absorbing intensity of the absorbers with different shapes or cross sections is different.
Furthermore, the particle size of the wave absorbing agent is 1-100 nm, and the range of the particle size can be any combination within the range of 1-100 nm, for example, 10-90 nm, or 20-80 nm, or 35-65 nm, or 42-58 nm, or 45-55 nm.
The wave-absorbing material prepared by adopting the foam material as the base material, namely the foam wave-absorbing material, has the advantages of thin thickness, light weight, good wave-absorbing effect, excellent mechanical property, stable processing technology, easy control of components and structure and the like, and shows strong design adaptability in the aspect of electromagnetic wave absorption. Further, the foam substrate includes at least one of polymethacrylimide, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene.
Further, the glue solution is prepared by mixing tetrahydrofuran, acetone and an epoxy glue film according to a mass ratio of 1.2-1.8: 1.2-1.8: 1, the mass ratio of the three components is 1.3-1.7: 1.3-1.7: 1, or 1.4-1.6: 1.4-1.6: 1, or 1.5: 1.5: 1.
b) preparing a magnetic loss absorption wave plate: dispersing a coating containing metal wave-absorbing powder, epoxy resin and a diluent in an emulsifier, and adding a curing agent to obtain a wave-absorbing coating; and coating the wave-absorbing coating on the foam base material to obtain the magnetic loss wave-absorbing plate.
The metal wave absorbing powder comprises at least one of ferrite, hydroxyl iron, polycrystalline iron, metal powder, alloy powder and iron nitride. Preferably, the metal wave-absorbing powder is hydroxyl iron.
Further, the coating is prepared by mixing metal wave-absorbing powder, epoxy resin and thinner according to the mass ratio of 1.5-2.5: 0.5-1.5: 1, the mass ratio of the components is 1.8-2.3: 0.7-1.3: 1, or 1.9-2.2: 0.8-1.2: 1, or 2:1: 1. wherein the diluent is a diluent which comprises mixed liquid of dimethylbenzene, cyclohexanone, butanediol and butyl acetate.
Further, the curing agent comprises epoxy resin NX-2040 and a polyether amine curing agent D400, wherein the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is (4-6): 1, or 5:1.
c) preparing the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material: and (3) sequentially overlapping and laying the electric loss wave absorbing plate, the epoxy film and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, and heating and forming to obtain the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material.
Specifically, the method comprises the steps of laying a prepared electric loss wave absorption plate, laying a layer of epoxy film on the prepared electric loss wave absorption plate, laying a prepared magnetic loss wave absorption plate on the prepared electric loss wave absorption plate, sequentially and alternately laying the electric loss wave absorption plate and the magnetic loss wave absorption plate, laying the epoxy film between the electric loss wave absorption plate and the magnetic loss wave absorption plate, and heating and molding the laid wave absorption material when the thickness of the wave absorption material reaches the designed thickness. The heating forming temperature is set according to the characteristics of the epoxy adhesive film and the foam base material, and is usually 80-200 ℃.
Furthermore, the thickness of the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material is 2-50 mm, or 5-45 mm, or 10-40 mm, or 20-30 mm, or 23-27 mm. The wave absorbing performance of the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material is positively correlated with the thickness of the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material, and the thickness can be specifically selected according to the performance index of a target material.
Step S3: and sequentially attaching the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof skin to the reflection bottom plate.
Furthermore, the reflection bottom plate is provided with an electromagnetic wave absorbing reflection layer prepared from the continuous magnetic coating wave absorbing fiber, and the electromagnetic wave absorbing reflection layer has reflection and wave absorbing capabilities. The continuous magnetic coating wave-absorbing fiber comprises any one of magnetic coating carbon fiber, magnetic coating silicon carbide fiber, magnetic coating glass fiber and magnetic coating organic fiber.
The preparation method overcomes the technical obstacle that the wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof material are difficult to combine, has the explosion-proof function and the broadband wave-absorbing function, has the characteristics of good low-frequency performance, wide absorption frequency band, low surface density and excellent environmental performance, not only solves the explosion-proof function of the product, but also has the broadband wave-absorbing function.
The features and properties of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
The embodiment provides an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material which is of a layered structure and comprises a reflecting substrate, a broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and an explosion-proof skin which are sequentially contacted.
The preparation method has the flow shown in fig. 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an explosion-proof skin:
2) preparing the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material:
a. the chopped carbon fibers are taken as a wave absorbing agent, put into a crucible, added into a high-temperature curing furnace, and heated for 4 hours at 400 ℃. And taking out the chopped carbon fibers, soaking the chopped carbon fibers for 1 hour by using concentrated sulfuric acid, removing the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the chopped carbon fibers for 3 times by using acetone, and naturally airing the cleaned chopped carbon fibers on filter paper for 24 hours.
b. Preparing tetrahydrofuran, acetone and an epoxy adhesive film into adhesive liquid according to the mass ratio of 3:3:2, and stirring at a constant speed for 10min until the adhesive liquid is completely dissolved. The weight of the chopped carbon fibers was calculated according to the following formula, and the concentrations of the chopped carbon fibers were 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%, respectively.
Figure BDA0001495573450000091
In the formula, CCarbon fiberIs the concentration of chopped carbon fibers, WCarbon fiberIs of chopped carbon fiber mass, WEpoxy glue filmThe quality of the epoxy glue film.
And adding the weighed chopped carbon fibers into the glue solution and dispersing for 20 min. After the chopped carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed, the weight of the chopped carbon fibers is 1.2kg/m2Uniformly coating the glue solution mixed with the chopped carbon fibers on the foam according to the using amount, and marking respectively. And (3) cooling the foam coated with the chopped carbon fibers for 24 hours in a normal-temperature dry ventilation environment to prepare the electric loss wave absorbing plate.
c. The metal wave absorbing powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: epoxy resin: preparing a coating by a thinner 2:1:1, dispersing in an emulsifier for 20min, and adding a curing agent into the uniformly dispersed coating, wherein the epoxy resin: the curing agent was stirred at 5:1 for 5 min. The coating with the curing agent is evenly sprayed on the foam, and the spraying weight is 2000g/m2At 50 ℃ CDrying for 5 hours to obtain the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate.
d. And after the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate is laid, a layer of epoxy film is laid on the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate, then the prepared magnetic loss wave absorbing plate is laid on the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate, the electric loss wave absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate are sequentially and alternately laid, the epoxy film is laid between the electric loss wave absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, and when the thickness of the wave absorbing material reaches the designed thickness, the laid wave absorbing material is heated and molded to obtain the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material.
3) And sequentially attaching the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof skin to the reflection bottom plate to obtain the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material which is of a layered structure and comprises a reflecting substrate, a broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and an explosion-proof skin which are sequentially contacted.
The preparation method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that:
2) preparing the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material:
a. the carbon nano tube is taken as a wave absorbing agent, is put into a crucible, is added into a high-temperature curing furnace, and is heated for 3 hours at 500 ℃. And taking out the carbon nano tube, soaking the carbon nano tube in concentrated sulfuric acid for 0.5 hour, removing the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the carbon nano tube for 3 times by using acetone, and naturally airing the cleaned carbon nano tube on filter paper for 24 hours.
b. Preparing tetrahydrofuran, acetone and an epoxy adhesive film into adhesive liquid according to the mass ratio of 1.2:1.2:1, and stirring at a constant speed for 10min until the adhesive liquid is completely dissolved. The weight of the carbon nanotubes was calculated with reference to the formula of example 1, and the concentrations of the carbon nanotubes were 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, respectively.
And adding the weighed carbon nano tubes into the glue solution for dispersing for 20 min. After the carbon nano tubes are uniformly dispersed, the concentration is 1.2kg/m2The glue solution mixed with the carbon nano tubes is evenly coated on the foam by using the amount, and the marks are respectively made. And (3) cooling the foam coated with the carbon nano tubes for 24 hours in a normal-temperature dry ventilation environment to prepare the electric loss wave absorbing plate.
c. Polycrystalline iron powder according to mass ratio: epoxy resin: preparing paint with thinner 1.5:0.5:1, and addingDispersing the emulsifier for 20min, and adding a curing agent into the uniformly dispersed coating, wherein the epoxy resin: the curing agent was stirred at 5:1 for 5 min. The coating with the curing agent is evenly sprayed on the foam, and the spraying weight is 2000g/m2And drying at 50 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate.
d. And after the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate is laid, a layer of epoxy film is laid on the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate, then the prepared magnetic loss wave absorbing plate is laid on the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate, the electric loss wave absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate are sequentially and alternately laid, the epoxy film is laid between the electric loss wave absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, and when the thickness of the wave absorbing material reaches the designed thickness, the laid wave absorbing material is heated and molded to obtain the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material which is of a layered structure and comprises a reflecting substrate, a broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and an explosion-proof skin which are sequentially contacted.
The preparation method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that:
2) preparing the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material:
a. carbon black is taken as a wave absorbing agent, the carbon black is put into a crucible, and is added into a high-temperature curing furnace to be heated for 5 hours at the temperature of 300 ℃. And taking out the carbon black, soaking the carbon black for 1.5 hours by using concentrated sulfuric acid, removing the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the carbon black for 3 times by using acetone, and naturally airing the cleaned carbon black on filter paper for 24 hours.
b. Preparing tetrahydrofuran, acetone and an epoxy adhesive film into adhesive liquid according to the mass ratio of 1.8:1.8:1, and stirring at a constant speed for 20min until the adhesive liquid is completely dissolved. The carbon black concentrations were 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% by weight, respectively, by calculation with reference to the formula in example 1.
And adding the weighed carbon black into the glue solution for dispersing for 20 min. After the carbon black is uniformly dispersed, the concentration is 1.2kg/m2The glue solution mixed with the carbon black is uniformly coated on the foam according to the using amount, and the marks are respectively made. And (4) cooling the foam coated with the carbon black for 24 hours in a normal-temperature dry ventilation environment to prepare the electric loss wave absorbing plate.
c. According to the mass ratio, the hydroxyl iron powder absorbent is as follows: epoxy resin: thinner 2.5:1.5:1Placing the coating, dispersing in an emulsifier for 10min, and adding a curing agent into the uniformly dispersed coating, wherein the epoxy resin: the curing agent was stirred at 5:1 for 5 min. The coating with the curing agent is evenly sprayed on the foam, and the spraying weight is 2000g/m2And drying at 50 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate.
d. And after the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate is laid, a layer of epoxy film is laid on the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate, then the prepared magnetic loss wave absorbing plate is laid on the prepared electric loss wave absorbing plate, the electric loss wave absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate are sequentially and alternately laid, the epoxy film is laid between the electric loss wave absorbing plate and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, and when the thickness of the wave absorbing material reaches the designed thickness, the laid wave absorbing material is heated and molded to obtain the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material.
Examples of the experiments
The effects of the composite material provided in the embodiment of the invention in explosion prevention and wave absorption are evaluated by combining performance test data.
Firstly, stealth performance:
the stealth performance of the composite material prepared in the embodiment 1 is tested by adopting a GJB 2038A-2011 'radar wave-absorbing material reflectivity test method', and the result is shown in a graph 3 and a graph 4;
as can be seen from the test results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the reflectivity of the composite material is lower than-10 dB in the range of 1.98 GHz-18 GHz, and the composite material covers S wave band, C wave band, X wave band and Ku wave band, so that the composite material has broadband wave-absorbing performance.
Second, explosion-proof performance
The composite material prepared in the example 1 is tested for explosion-proof performance by GB 3836-2010 explosive environment;
the test result shows that the composite material has the explosion-proof grade of dIIBT4, wherein d is an explosion-proof symbol, and IIB can be applied to an explosive mixture environment formed by IIB type gas and air; t4 is the ignition temperature of explosive gas and is T4 group, and the temperature T range is less than 135 ℃ and less than or equal to 200 ℃.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of an explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing an explosion-proof skin by using quartz fibers and unsaturated resin, wherein the explosion-proof skin is prepared in a bag pressing forming mode, the bag pressing forming pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, the vacuum pumping bag pressing time is 2-6 hours, and the temperature is 80-160 ℃;
calcining a wave absorbing agent at 300-500 ℃ for 3-5 h, soaking in strong acid for 0.5-1.5 h, washing, drying, and dispersing the treated wave absorbing agent in glue solution; coating the obtained glue solution containing the wave absorbing agent on a foam substrate to prepare an electric loss wave absorbing plate;
dispersing a coating containing metal wave-absorbing powder, epoxy resin and a diluent in an emulsifier, and adding a curing agent to obtain a wave-absorbing coating; coating the wave-absorbing coating on a foam base material to prepare a magnetic loss wave-absorbing plate;
sequentially overlapping and laying the electric loss wave absorbing plate, the epoxy film and the magnetic loss wave absorbing plate, and heating and forming to obtain the broadband interlayer wave absorbing material; and
and sequentially attaching the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof skin to the reflection bottom plate.
2. The method for preparing the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein the wave-absorbing agent comprises at least one of carbon fiber, carbon black, carbon nanotubes and barium titanate; the particle size of the wave absorbing agent is 1-100 nm.
3. The method for preparing the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal wave-absorbing powder comprises any one of ferrite, hydroxyl iron, polycrystalline iron, alloy powder and iron nitride.
4. The method for preparing the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein the foam base material comprises at least one of polymethacrylimide, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene.
5. The preparation method of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the electric loss wave-absorbing plate, the glue solution is prepared by mixing tetrahydrofuran, acetone and an epoxy glue film according to a mass ratio of 1.2-1.8: 1.2-1.8: 1, mixing and preparing.
6. The preparation method of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the magnetic loss wave-absorbing plate, the coating is prepared by mixing metal wave-absorbing powder, epoxy resin and a thinner according to a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5: 0.5-1.5: 1, mixing and preparing.
7. The preparation method of the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material is 2-50 mm.
8. The method for preparing the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, wherein the reflection base plate is provided with an electromagnetic wave-absorbing reflection layer prepared from continuous magnetic coating wave-absorbing fibers, and the continuous magnetic coating wave-absorbing fibers comprise any one of magnetic coating carbon fibers, magnetic coating silicon carbide fibers, magnetic coating glass fibers and magnetic coating organic fibers.
9. An explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the explosion-proof broadband wave-absorbing composite material is of a layered structure and comprises a reflection bottom plate, the broadband interlayer wave-absorbing material and the explosion-proof skin which are sequentially contacted.
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