CN108038261B - Method for quickly optimizing flow channel spacing of power battery air cooling system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly optimizing the flow channel spacing of an air cooling system of a power battery, which starts from uniform flow channel spacing, numerically solves the speed distribution of the air cooling system, determines the flow channel with the minimum flow and the flow channel with the maximum flow by analyzing the flow distribution among cooling flow channels, and then increases the flow channel spacing of the former and decreases the flow channel spacing of the latter; after the adjustment of the flow channel spacing is carried out each time, the speed distribution of the system is recalculated, so that the next adjustment of the flow channel spacing is carried out; and when the adjustment times of the flow channel spacing reach the set times, the flow channel spacing layout with the minimum standard deviation of the equivalent flow of the cooling flow channel in the adjustment process is the final flow channel spacing optimization result. The method has the advantages of simple optimization process, high optimization speed, good performance index, good expansibility, strong practicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power battery air cooling systems, in particular to a method for quickly optimizing the flow channel spacing of a power battery air cooling system.
Background
In order to alleviate the damage of the traditional automobile to the atmospheric environment, the electric automobile is valued by people and is vigorously developed. The power battery is a power source of the electric automobile and maintains the continuous operation of the electric automobile. During the working process, the power battery generates a large amount of heat, the temperature of the battery is increased, and the internal temperature difference is increased. The battery is invalid and even damaged due to the overhigh temperature, so that safety accidents are caused; excessive temperature differences will destroy the consistency of the battery pack, cause the overall performance of the battery pack to be reduced, and shorten the service life of the battery pack. Therefore, the power battery pack needs to be subjected to thermal management, so that the hot spot temperature of the battery pack is reduced, the temperature difference of the battery pack is reduced, and the safe and continuous running of the electric automobile is ensured. Currently, parallel flow channel air cooling systems are common battery thermal management systems. Generally, the system adopts an arrangement mode of parallel flow channels, which is beneficial to reducing the difference of cooling conditions of the batteries, thereby reducing the temperature difference of the battery pack. However, the conventional structure adopts an equidistant manner, which cannot ensure the consistency of the flow in the parallel flow channels, and the heat capacity of the air itself is small, and the difference of the flow among the cooling flow channels easily causes the temperature difference inside the battery pack, so the conventional equidistant parallel flow channel air cooling system cannot completely eliminate the temperature difference of the battery pack. The existing research mainly improves the heat dissipation performance of the system by adjusting the structural parameters of the system, and the result shows that the difference of cooling conditions among batteries can be reduced by adjusting the battery spacing, and the temperature difference of the battery pack is effectively reduced. However, there is still a lack of a fast and efficient method for cell pitch optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly optimizing the flow channel spacing of an air cooling system of a power battery aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly optimizing the flow channel spacing of a power battery air cooling system comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the initial interval of the cooling flow channels according to the total volume of the power battery air cooling system, and simultaneously setting the adjusting times of the interval of the cooling flow channels, the size delta d of each interval adjustment and the flow relaxation factor r of each cooling flow channeli；
S2, calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air cooling system distributed at the initial interval by adopting a numerical method to obtain the air flow Q of each cooling flow channeliIn combination with a set flow relaxation factor r per cooling channeliCalculating equivalent air flow Q 'per cooling flow channel'i＝Qi×riAnd the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow, recording the interval distribution of the cooling flow channels at the moment as the optimal interval distribution of the cooling flow channels, and recording the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow as the optimal equivalent air spaceStandard deviation of air flow;
s3 equivalent air flow rate Q 'from each cooling runner'iDetermining a cooling flow channel corresponding to the minimum equivalent air flow, and increasing the distance of the cooling flow channel by delta d;
s4 equivalent air flow rate Q 'from each cooling runner'iDetermining a cooling flow channel corresponding to the maximum equivalent air flow, and reducing the distance between the cooling flow channels by delta d;
s5, obtaining the power battery air cooling system arranged by the new cooling flow channel distance through the steps S3-S4, calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air cooling system by the numerical method again, and obtaining the air flow Q of each cooling flow channeliIn combination with a set flow relaxation factor r per cooling channeliCalculating equivalent air flow Q 'per cooling flow channel'i＝Qi×riAnd the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow; if the equivalent air flow standard deviation obtained by current calculation is smaller than the recorded optimal equivalent air flow standard deviation, recording the current cooling runner interval distribution as the optimal cooling runner interval distribution, and recording the corresponding equivalent air flow standard deviation as the optimal equivalent air flow standard deviation;
and S6, if the adjusting times of the cooling runner spacing reaches the set upper limit, stopping the adjustment of the cooling runner spacing, recording the current cooling runner spacing distribution as the optimal cooling runner spacing distribution, and otherwise, returning to the step S3.
Further, the initial spacing of the cooling channels is a uniform spacing.
Further, the method for calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air-cooling system distributed at the initial interval by adopting a numerical method is specifically a computational fluid dynamics method.
Further, the calculation formula of the equivalent air flow standard deviation is as follows:
wherein σQRepresenting equivalent air flow standard deviation, Q'iThe equivalent air flow rate of the ith cooling flow channel is shown, N is the number of the cooling flow channels,
the average equivalent air flow rate of the N cooling channels is shown.
Further, the flow relaxation factor r of each cooling flow channeliHas a value range of 0.5 to r i2, i is 1 and 2 … … N, and N represents the number of cooling channels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method for optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air cooling system mainly comprises three key technical steps in the optimization process, wherein firstly, the speed field of the system is calculated according to the flow channel spacing distribution condition of the existing cooling system; secondly, determining a flow channel with the minimum equivalent flow and a flow channel with the maximum equivalent flow according to the speed field and a set flow relaxation factor; and thirdly, increasing the distance between the runners with the minimum equivalent flow and reducing the distance between the runners with the maximum equivalent flow. The whole optimization process is simple to implement, does not contain a complex calculation method, and has the advantage of simple optimization process.
2. The main calculation amount of the method for optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air cooling system is calculated from a system speed field, and the method has less times of adjusting the cooling flow channel spacing in the optimization process, so that the optimized flow channel spacing distribution can be obtained in a short time, and the method has the advantage of high optimization speed.
3. According to the method for optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air cooling system, when the cooling flow channel spacing is increased, the on-way resistance of the flow channel is reduced, more cooling air passes through the flow channel, and therefore the cooling capacity of the flow channel is improved; when the distance between the cooling flow channels is reduced, the flow resistance of the flow channels is increased, so that the cooling air passing through the flow channels is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the flow channels is reduced; thus, increasing the inter-channel spacing for the minimum equivalent flow will increase the air flow through the channel; reducing the runner spacing for maximum equivalent flow will reduce the air flow through the runner; the adjustment strategy is beneficial to reducing the difference of equivalent flow among different runners, so that the aim of reducing the hot spot temperature and the temperature difference of the battery pack is fulfilled, and the adjustment strategy has the advantage of good performance index.
4. The optimization criterion of the method for optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air cooling system only relates to the speed field of the system and is irrelevant to the structure of the air cooling system, the physical parameters of cooling air and the battery and the heat generation power of the battery, so that the related algorithm can be expanded to the solution of similar problems, including air cooling systems with different environmental temperatures, different cooling air flows and different guide plate angles, batteries with non-uniform heat generation and non-uniform heat conductivity and the like, and the method has the characteristic of good expansibility.
5. Compared with the prior art, the method for optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air cooling system does not need to increase the system volume, does not need to increase the system power consumption, only needs to adjust the distribution of the cooling flow channel spacing, has stronger practicability, can be used for guiding the optimization design of the battery heat management air cooling system, improves the heat dissipation performance of the system on the basis of not increasing the system cost, and achieves the purposes of reducing the temperature of the battery pack and reducing the temperature difference of the battery pack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for rapidly optimizing a flow channel spacing of an air-cooling system of a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a power battery air-cooling system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
the embodiment provides a method for quickly optimizing a flow channel spacing of an air-cooling system of a power battery, and a flow chart of the method is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s-1, setting the initial interval of the cooling flow channels to be a uniform interval according to the total volume of the power battery air cooling system, and simultaneously setting the adjusting times of the interval of the cooling flow channels, the size delta d of each interval adjustment and the flow relaxation factor r of each cooling flow channeli；
S-2, calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air cooling system distributed at the initial interval by adopting a numerical method to obtain the air flow Q of each cooling flow channeliIn combination with a set flow relaxation factor r per cooling channeliCalculating equivalent air flow Q 'per cooling flow channel'i＝Qi×riAnd the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow, recording the interval distribution of the cooling flow channels at the moment as the optimal interval distribution of the cooling flow channels, and recording the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow as the optimal standard deviation of the equivalent air flow;
s-3 equivalent air flow Q 'from each cooling runner'iDetermining a cooling flow channel corresponding to the minimum equivalent air flow, and increasing the distance of the cooling flow channel by delta d;
s-4, equivalent air flow rate Q 'from each cooling runner'iDetermining a cooling flow channel corresponding to the maximum equivalent air flow, and reducing the distance between the cooling flow channels by delta d;
s-5, obtaining the power battery air cooling system distributed at the new cooling flow channel interval through the steps S-3 to S-4, calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air cooling system again through a numerical method, and obtaining the air flow Q of each cooling flow channeliIn combination with a set flow relaxation factor r per cooling channeliCalculating equivalent air flow Q 'per cooling flow channel'i＝Qi×riAnd the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow; if the equivalent air flow standard deviation obtained by current calculation is smaller than the recorded optimal equivalent air flow standard deviation, recording the current cooling runner interval distribution as the optimal cooling runner interval distribution, and recording the corresponding equivalent air flow standard deviation as the optimal equivalent air flow standard deviation;
s-6, if the adjusting times of the cooling runner spacing reaches the set upper limit, stopping the adjustment of the cooling runner spacing, recording the current cooling runner spacing distribution as the optimal cooling runner spacing distribution, and otherwise, returning to the step S-3.
This example considers the power battery air cooling system, shown in FIG. 2, with the inlet width (w)in) And outlet width (w)out) 20mm, square batteries with size of 16mm × 65mm × 151mm, 12 batteries to form 13 cooling channels with interval of 3mm, heat capacity of 900J/(kg × K), and density of 2700kg/m3The heat conductivity is 240W/(m × K), the cooling air temperature is 300K, and the flow rate is 0.012m3And/s, optimizing the cooling runner interval of the power battery air cooling system by adopting the method.
The flow relaxation factor specified in this embodiment is r1＝r13＝1.67，ri1 (i-2, 3 … … 12), where riThe flow relaxation factor of the ith cooling flow channel is expressed, the size delta d of each interval adjustment is 0.1mm, and the number of interval adjustment times is 40.
The calculation formula of the equivalent air flow standard deviation is as follows:
wherein σQRepresenting equivalent air flow standard deviation, Q'iThe equivalent air flow rate of the ith cooling flow channel is shown, N is the number of the cooling flow channels,
the average equivalent air flow rate of the N cooling channels is shown.
The interval of the 1 st to 13 th cooling flow channels is 3mm before optimization, and after optimization, the interval of the 1 st to 13 th cooling flow channels is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Researches find that the hot point temperatures of the air cooling systems of the power battery before and after optimization are respectively 320.7K and 315.3K, and the hot point temperature is reduced by 5.4K after the optimization; the temperature difference of the two battery packs is 11.4K and 3.3K respectively, and the temperature difference is reduced by 76%. On the other hand, the inlet and outlet pressure differences corresponding to the power battery air cooling systems before and after optimization are respectively 31.6Pa and 31.1Pa which are close to each other. It is shown that the power consumption of the system after optimization is similar to the power consumption of the system before optimization under the condition of the same inlet cooling air flow. In addition, the optimization process only requires 40 systematic velocity field calculations. Therefore, the optimization method of the embodiment can obtain the optimized layout of the cooling runner spacing of the power battery air-cooling system in a short time, and the example verifies the effectiveness of the optimization of the layout of the cooling runner spacing of the power battery air-cooling system.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the scope of the present invention, which is disclosed by the present invention, and the equivalent or change thereof belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for quickly optimizing the flow channel spacing of an air cooling system of a power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, setting the initial interval of the cooling flow channels according to the total volume of the power battery air cooling system, and simultaneously setting the adjusting times of the interval of the cooling flow channels, the size delta d of each interval adjustment and the flow relaxation factor r of each cooling flow channeli；
S2, calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air cooling system distributed at the initial interval by adopting a numerical method to obtain the air flow Q of each cooling flow channeliIn combination with a set flow relaxation factor r per cooling channeliCalculating equivalent air flow Q 'per cooling flow channel'i＝Qi×riAnd the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow, recording the interval distribution of the cooling flow channels at the moment as the optimal interval distribution of the cooling flow channels, and recording the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow as the optimal standard deviation of the equivalent air flow;
s3 equivalent air flow rate Q 'from each cooling runner'iDetermining a cooling flow channel corresponding to the minimum equivalent air flow, and increasing the distance of the cooling flow channel by delta d;
s4, cooling by eachEquivalent air flow Q 'of flow channel'iDetermining a cooling flow channel corresponding to the maximum equivalent air flow, and reducing the distance between the cooling flow channels by delta d;
s5, obtaining the power battery air cooling system arranged by the new cooling flow channel distance through the steps S3-S4, calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air cooling system by the numerical method again, and obtaining the air flow Q of each cooling flow channeliIn combination with a set flow relaxation factor r per cooling channeliCalculating equivalent air flow Q 'per cooling flow channel'i＝Qi×riAnd the corresponding standard deviation of the equivalent air flow; if the equivalent air flow standard deviation obtained by current calculation is smaller than the recorded optimal equivalent air flow standard deviation, recording the current cooling runner interval distribution as the optimal cooling runner interval distribution, and recording the corresponding equivalent air flow standard deviation as the optimal equivalent air flow standard deviation;
and S6, if the adjusting times of the cooling runner spacing reaches the set upper limit, stopping the adjustment of the cooling runner spacing, recording the current cooling runner spacing distribution as the optimal cooling runner spacing distribution, and otherwise, returning to the step S3.
2. The method for rapidly optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air-cooling system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the initial spacing of the cooling channels is a uniform spacing.
3. The method for rapidly optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air-cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the speed field corresponding to the power battery air-cooling system distributed at the initial spacing by using a numerical method is specifically a computational fluid dynamics method.
4. The method for rapidly optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air-cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the equivalent air flow standard deviation is as follows:
wherein σQRepresenting equivalent air flow standard deviation, Q'iThe equivalent air flow rate of the ith cooling flow channel is shown, N is the number of the cooling flow channels,
the average equivalent air flow rate of the N cooling channels is shown.
5. The method for rapidly optimizing the flow channel spacing of the power battery air-cooling system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the flow relaxation factor r of each cooling flow channeliHas a value range of 0.5 to ri2, i is 1 and 2 … … N, and N represents the number of cooling channels.
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| CN110135024B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2020-12-22 | 华南理工大学 | Air cooling system deflector shape optimization method for battery thermal management |
| CN110119548B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-03-30 | 华南理工大学 | Rapid optimization method for inlet guide plate pattern of battery thermal management air cooling system |
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