CN108037817A - Minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface - Google Patents
Minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037817A CN108037817A CN201810007063.8A CN201810007063A CN108037817A CN 108037817 A CN108037817 A CN 108037817A CN 201810007063 A CN201810007063 A CN 201810007063A CN 108037817 A CN108037817 A CN 108037817A
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- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003854 Surface Print Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, by heat carrier and the groups of fins of more than 2 into, heat sink is based on imitative grass carp scales microscopic surface texture design, compared to smooth surface, this bionical microscopic surface texture increase heat dissipation area 15% 40%, radiating efficiency on unit heat dissipation area is added, there is obvious humidification to the heat dissipation performance of heat sink.In addition, the present invention is made of albronze, possess enough hardness, cheap, light-weight, heat conductivility is good, there is provided economical and practical raw material, improve practicality.The manufacture method of above-mentioned radiator is based on bionics principle, pass through bionics principle, grass carp scales microscopic surface texture is applied on minitype radiator, bionic micro radiator is manufactured finally by 3D printing technique, it can reduce manufacture cost, save material, improve precision, and can preferably embody bionical microcosmic surface characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat transfer enhancement technology field, and in particular to a kind of miniature heat dissipation based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface
Device and its manufacture method.
Background technology
At present, electronics industry rapid development so that PCB circuit board on integrated component highly dense, complex circuit
Change, packaging density centralization, and then increase the heat flow density of the element in PCB circuit board, temperature rises.In addition, PCB circuits
The scantling and shape of element on plate constantly reduce, and also make the increase of its temperature even more serious.Particularly in PCB circuit board
CPU processor, its temperature can be with the continuous rise of the calculating speed of its handled data, heat release increases, if CPU processor exists
The heat produced in work cannot solve, and can not only allow the speed of service of CPU processor to become slow, but also can accelerate old
Change, can also CPU is failed when situation is serious, What is more can burn chip.Therefore the design of cpu heat just seems with manufacture
It is particularly important that.And with the continuous renewal of technology, common cpu heat is not enough to solve CPU heat dissipation problems now, so
It is urgent problem now to design new cpu heat or existing cpu heat is optimized.
As the manufacture on enhanced heat exchange surface is growing, many scholars propose miscellaneous manufacture method, it is led
It is divided into Physical and chemical method.Physical mainly has the methods of lathe grinding processing, punching press and forging;Chemical method is mainly logical
Cross and transformed using some chemical substances exchange hot surface, and then change the purpose of heat exchange surface.These methods exist
The advantages of be that process velocity is fast, material is applied widely, and is easy to be molded.But there is in manufacturing process for part in these methods
The shortcomings of being related to stress variation, being aligned of mould, high standby maintenance expense, and be that required precision cannot there are a crucial factor
Reach the requirement of bionic surface microstructure, when manufacturing bionical microscopic surface texture, since bionical microscopic surface texture exists
The reason such as irregular shape and dimension precision requirement height, biological surface knot cannot be preferably embodied with these traditional manufacture methods
The feature of structure.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it can not only increase
Add the heat transfer area of radiator, reach the effect of augmentation of heat transfer, and the volume and manufacture cost of radiator can be reduced.
To solve the above problems, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Based on the minitype radiator of grass carp scales microcosmic surface, by heat carrier and the groups of fins of more than 2 into;Wherein lead
Hot body is solid column;All heat sinks are sheet, and it is radial be fixed on the side surface of heat carrier, every dissipates
Axis parallel of the backing with heat carrier;It is complete that the upper surface and/or lower surface of every heat sink are equipped with some structures
Consistent radiating ribs;Every radiating ribs are in the inclined convex setting in the surface of heat sink;Table of all radiating ribs in heat sink
Face is parallel to each other interval setting, and axis parallel of the extending direction of every radiating ribs with heat carrier.
In such scheme, all heat sinks are evenly distributed on the side surface of heat carrier, i.e., the folder between every 2 heat sinks
Angle is equal.
In such scheme, at the surface of heat sink, the rib width of every radiating ribs is more than the groove between every 2 radiating ribs
It is wide.
In such scheme, the angle of every radiating ribs and heat sink is between 35 °~55 °.
In such scheme, the angle of every radiating ribs and heat sink is 45 °.
In such scheme, heat carrier, heat sink and radiating ribs are made by albronze.
The manufacture method of minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, includes the manufacture of heat sink, the heat dissipation
It is as follows that the manufacture of piece specifically includes step:
Step 1, with reverse engineering software to grass carp scales microcosmic surface carry out 3-D scanning handle, therefrom extract
The characteristic point cloud of grass carp scales microscopic surface texture;
Step 2, by the characteristic point cloud of the grass carp scales microscopic surface texture extracted be embedded into given design space
In coordinate, vector parameter set is obtained;
Step 3, from vector parameter set randomly select indicatrix to build bionic curved surface;
Step 4, carry out slickness, continuity and error-detecting to bionic curved surface;When the testing result of bionic curved surface meets
It is required that when, then create heat sink threedimensional model;Otherwise, return to step 3;
Step 5, import the threedimensional model for creating heat sink in 3D printer system, and generates the stl file of heat sink;
Step 6, generate control print parameters according to the stl file of heat sink, and completes accordingly microcosmic based on grass carp scales
The heat sink printing of the minitype radiator on surface.
Compared with prior art, radiator of the invention is based on imitative grass carp scales microscopic surface texture design, compared to smooth
Surface, this bionical microscopic surface texture increase heat dissipation area 15%-40%, adds radiating efficiency on unit heat dissipation area,
There is obvious humidification to the heat dissipation performance of heat sink.In addition, the present invention is made of albronze, possess enough hard
Degree, cheap, light-weight, heat conductivility is good, there is provided economical and practical raw material, improve practicality.The heat dissipation of the present invention
Device can be widely used for the fields such as microelectronic chip, high-capacity LED.The manufacture method of above-mentioned radiator is based on bionics principle, leads to
Bionics principle is crossed, grass carp scales microscopic surface texture is applied on minitype radiator, is manufactured finally by 3D printing technique
Bionic micro radiator, it can reduce manufacture cost, save material, and improve precision, and can preferably embody bionical micro-
See surface characteristic.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dimensional structure diagram of the minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface.
Fig. 2 is enlarged diagram at A in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the dimensional structure diagram of heat sink.
Fig. 4 is enlarged diagram at B in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is radiating ribs partial schematic sectional view.
Fig. 6 is the manufacture method flow chart of the minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface.
Figure label:1st, heat carrier, 2, heat sink, 3, radiating ribs.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with instantiation, and with reference to attached
Figure, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be noted that the direction term mentioned in example, such as " on ", " under ",
" in ", " left side " " right side ", "front", "rear" etc., be only refer to the attached drawing direction.Therefore, the direction used is intended merely to explanation
For limiting the scope of the invention.
A kind of minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, it is mainly by heat carrier 1 and 2
Heat sink 2 more than piece forms.Heat carrier 1 is solid column.In the present invention, heat carrier 1 can be prism-shaped, also may be used
Think cylindric.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, heat carrier 1 is cylindric.All heat sinks 2 are sheet, in the present invention
In, all heat sinks 2 are rectangular patch.All heat sinks 2 are radial to be fixed on the side surface of heat carrier 1, and every dissipates
Axis parallel of the backing 2 with heat carrier 1.All heat sinks 2 can be distributed in heat conduction according to certain rules according to design requirement
On the side surface of body 1, such as it is uniformly distributed or uneven distribution.But in a preferred embodiment of the invention, all heat sinks 2 uniformly divide
For cloth on the side surface of heat carrier 1, i.e., the angle between every 2 heat sinks 2 is equal.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, heat conduction
18 heat sinks 2 are evenly distributed with the side surface of body 1, at this time, the angle between every 2 heat sinks 2 is 20 °.1 He of heat carrier
Heat sink 2 is made of albronze.
In order to further improve the heat dissipation effect of radiator, the present invention is according to grass carp scales microscale surface features, by fish scale
Appearance shape is designed on minitype radiator heat sink 2, increases heat dissipation area.The upper surface and/or lower surface of every heat sink 2
It is equipped with the completely the same radiating ribs 3 of some structures.Referring to Fig. 3 and 4.Every radiating ribs 3 are in incline on the surface of heat sink 2
Oblique convex setting;All radiating ribs 3 are parallel to each other interval setting, and the extending direction of every radiating ribs 3 on the surface of heat sink 2
With the axis parallel of heat carrier 1.Radiating ribs 3 are made of albronze.
Referring to Fig. 5, at the surface of heat sink 2, the rib width m of every radiating ribs 3 is more than the groove between every 2 radiating ribs 3
Wide n.The angle α of every radiating ribs 3 and heat sink 2 is between 35 °~55 °.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, single heat dissipation
62 are provided with 2 face of piece parallel to heat exchanger channels direction and the radiating ribs 3 that are parallel to each other.The rib width m of every radiating ribs 3 is
0.4mm, high h are 0.5mm, and the groove width n between every 2 radiating ribs 3 is 0.2mm.Every radiating ribs 3 and the angle α of heat sink 2 are
45°。
The present invention is applied in air-cooled cpu heat, when CPU works, with the continuous improvement of arithmetic speed
Produce substantial amounts of heat, contacted and conducted heat on bottom surface with CPU by the bottom surface of air-cooled cpu heat, then by bottom surface with
Imitative 2 transmission of heat by contact of grass carp scales microcosmic surface fan-cooled radiator heat sink, the heat being transmitted to by bottom surface on heat sink 2 pass through again
Cross on the heat exchanger channels wall of heat sink 2, finally again seen off heat by the operating of fan.It is based on since heat sink 2 is equipped with
Imitative grass carp scales microscopic surface texture design, compared to smooth surface, this bionical microscopic surface texture increase heat dissipation area 15%-
40%, add radiating efficiency on unit heat dissipation area.
The present invention be based on grass carp appearance fish scale feature, this feature is bionical on 2 surface of minitype radiator heat sink, with increasing
Add the heat transfer area of radiator, so as to reach augmentation of heat transfer feature, this bionic surface minitype radiator is in same heat dissipation capacity feelings
Under condition, the volume of radiator can be effectively reduced, reduces manufacture cost.
The manufacture method of the above-mentioned minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, includes the manufacture of heat sink 2, this is dissipated
The manufacture of backing 2 is as shown in fig. 6, to specifically include step as follows:
Step 1, with reverse engineering software Surfacer to grass carp scales microcosmic surface carry out 3-D scanning handle,
Therefrom extract the characteristic point cloud of grass carp scales microscopic surface texture;
Step 2, by the characteristic point cloud of the grass carp scales microscopic surface texture extracted be embedded into given design space
In coordinate, vector parameter set is obtained;
Step 3, from vector parameter set randomly select indicatrix to build bionic curved surface;
Step 4, carry out slickness, continuity and error-detecting to bionic curved surface;When the testing result of bionic curved surface meets
It is required that when, then create heat sink 2 threedimensional model;Otherwise, return to step 3;
Step 5, by create heat sink 2 threedimensional model import 3D printer system in, and generate heat sink 2 STL text
Part;
Step 6, generate control print parameters according to the stl file of heat sink 2, and completes accordingly microcosmic based on grass carp scales
The heat sink 2 of the minitype radiator on surface prints.
The present invention is come out imitative grass carp scales microcosmic surface parameter extraction using Reverse engineering technology, then with three
Tie up modeling software and build bionical micromodel, the Rice Leaf surface data phase that data and the extraction on the surface of the model acquire
Together, which is preserved as STL forms and be input in 3D printer, be 0.1mm by the precision setting of printing, then
To heat sink 2 carry out slicing treatment, level filling rate, supporting rack, floor height of printing etc. are set, afterwards the speed to nozzle and
Temperature is configured, and installs printing raw material, is finally run 3D printer and is carried out 3D printing.It is imitative using 3D printing technique manufacture
Raw fan-cooled radiator can reduce manufacture cost, save material, and improve precision, can preferably embody bionical microcosmic surface
Characteristic.
The present invention is applied in bionic surface intermetallic composite coating, and Bionic micro-electronic radiator is processed using 3D printing technique, can
To produce the requirement for meeting size and required precision well, imitative grass carp scales microscopic surface texture can be preferably produced
Characteristic, enables the hydrophily of 2 heat exchanger channels wall of heat sink preferably to embody, enhanced boiling heat transfer, accelerates gas during boiling
The second cosmic velocity of bubble, improves the heat exchange property of heat sink 2.
It should be noted that although embodiment of the present invention is illustrative above, but it is to the present invention that this, which is not,
Limitation, therefore the invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment.Without departing from the principles of the present invention, it is every
The other embodiment that those skilled in the art obtain under the enlightenment of the present invention, is accordingly to be regarded as within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. based on the minitype radiator of grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it is made of heat carrier (1) and the heat sink of more than 2 (2);Its
Middle heat carrier (1) is solid column;All heat sinks (2) are sheet, and the radial side for being fixed on heat carrier (1)
On surface, axis parallel of the every heat sink (2) with heat carrier (1);It is characterized in that the upper surface of every heat sink (2)
And/or lower surface is equipped with the completely the same radiating ribs (3) of some structures;Every radiating ribs (3) is in the table of heat sink (2)
The inclined convex setting in face;All radiating ribs (3) are parallel to each other interval setting, and every radiating ribs on the surface of heat sink (2)
(3) axis parallel of the extending direction with heat carrier (1).
2. the minitype radiator according to claim 1 based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it is characterized in that, all heat sinks
(2) it is evenly distributed on the side surface of heat carrier (1), i.e., the angle between every 2 heat sinks (2) is equal.
3. the minitype radiator according to claim 1 based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it is characterized in that, in heat sink
(2) at surface, the rib width of every radiating ribs (3) is more than the groove width between every 2 radiating ribs (3).
4. the minitype radiator according to claim 1 based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it is characterized in that, every radiating ribs
(3) and heat sink (2) angle between 35 °~55 °.
5. the minitype radiator according to claim 4 based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it is characterized in that, every radiating ribs
(3) angle with heat sink (2) is 45 °.
6. the minitype radiator according to claim 1 based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface, it is characterized in that, heat carrier (1),
Heat sink (2) and radiating ribs (3) are made by albronze.
7. the manufacture method of the minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface described in claim 1, including heat sink (2)
Manufacture, it is characterised in that:It is as follows that the manufacture of the heat sink (2) specifically includes step:
Step 1, with reverse engineering software to grass carp scales microcosmic surface carry out 3-D scanning handle, therefrom extract grass carp
The characteristic point cloud of fish scale microscopic surface texture;
The characteristic point cloud of the grass carp scales microscopic surface texture extracted, is embedded into given design space coordinate by step 2
In, obtain vector parameter set;
Step 3, from vector parameter set randomly select indicatrix to build bionic curved surface;
Step 4, carry out slickness, continuity and error-detecting to bionic curved surface;When the testing result of bionic curved surface meets the requirements
When, then create heat sink (2) threedimensional model;Otherwise, return to step 3;
Step 5, will create heat sink (2) threedimensional model import 3D printer system in, and generate heat sink (2) STL text
Part;
Step 6, generate control print parameters according to the stl file of heat sink (2), and completes to be based on the microcosmic table of grass carp scales accordingly
Heat sink (2) printing of the minitype radiator in face.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201810007063.8A CN108037817A (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2018-01-04 | Minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201810007063.8A CN108037817A (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2018-01-04 | Minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface |
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CN201810007063.8A Pending CN108037817A (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2018-01-04 | Minitype radiator and its manufacture method based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107958885A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-04-24 | 钦州学院 | The bionical air-cooled minitype radiator of imitative grass carp scales micro-structure surface |
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JPH1131770A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-02-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat generating unit cooling device |
US20040011508A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-22 | Li-Kuang Tan | Heat sink |
CN201130662Y (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2008-10-08 | 秦彪 | Semiconductor device radiator |
CN102721024A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-10 | 华南理工大学 | Radiator for light-emitting diode (LED) lamp |
CN102853407A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-02 | 深圳市科普达光电有限公司 | Efficient LED lamp radiator |
CN203118977U (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-08-07 | 日芯光伏科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic radiator structure |
CN103440382A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-12-11 | 常州轻工职业技术学院 | Method for 3D printing plastic product based on reverse technology |
CN103939870A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-23 | 西安交通大学 | Cooling fin suitable for high-power LED lamp heat radiator |
CN207992914U (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-10-19 | 钦州学院 | Minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface |
-
2018
- 2018-01-04 CN CN201810007063.8A patent/CN108037817A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1131770A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-02-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat generating unit cooling device |
US20040011508A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-22 | Li-Kuang Tan | Heat sink |
CN201130662Y (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2008-10-08 | 秦彪 | Semiconductor device radiator |
CN102721024A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-10 | 华南理工大学 | Radiator for light-emitting diode (LED) lamp |
CN102853407A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-02 | 深圳市科普达光电有限公司 | Efficient LED lamp radiator |
CN203118977U (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-08-07 | 日芯光伏科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic radiator structure |
CN103440382A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-12-11 | 常州轻工职业技术学院 | Method for 3D printing plastic product based on reverse technology |
CN103939870A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-23 | 西安交通大学 | Cooling fin suitable for high-power LED lamp heat radiator |
CN207992914U (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-10-19 | 钦州学院 | Minitype radiator based on grass carp scales microcosmic surface |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107958885A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-04-24 | 钦州学院 | The bionical air-cooled minitype radiator of imitative grass carp scales micro-structure surface |
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