CN108037598A - 液晶盒及拍摄*** - Google Patents

液晶盒及拍摄*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108037598A
CN108037598A CN201711178006.8A CN201711178006A CN108037598A CN 108037598 A CN108037598 A CN 108037598A CN 201711178006 A CN201711178006 A CN 201711178006A CN 108037598 A CN108037598 A CN 108037598A
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China
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liquid crystal
mrow
refractive index
electrode layer
crystal cell
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CN201711178006.8A
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高健
陈小川
杨亚锋
谭纪风
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711178006.8A priority Critical patent/CN108037598A/zh
Publication of CN108037598A publication Critical patent/CN108037598A/zh
Priority to US16/028,147 priority patent/US10627667B2/en
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1313—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells specially adapted for a particular application
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种液晶盒及拍摄***。其中，液晶盒包括折射率切换层，所述折射率切换层包括液晶层和形成有多个衍射透镜的基板，所述液晶层至少填满各所述衍射透镜的光栅槽；还包括第一透明电极层和第二透明电极层，所述液晶层在所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层通断电时分别具有第一折射率和第二折射率，所述第一折射率大于所述第二折射率，所述第一折射率与所述衍射透镜的折射率相同。采用上述方案实现了光场成像与传统照相成像在同一***内的自由且可控的切换。

Description

液晶盒及拍摄***
技术领域
本申请一般涉及成像技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶盒及拍摄***。
背景技术
传统的数码照相***在理论上只能获得单个物平面的清晰像。光电探测器单元的有限宽度使得这一清晰成像的范围扩展到一定的深度，即景深。但由于传统成像将光学***整个孔径发出的光辐射直接进行积分，因而使得景深的范围受限于孔径的大小。若要获得大景深的清晰图像，则必须减小成像孔径，但这同时造成图像分辨率的降低和图像信噪比的损失。同时，在一定的孔径尺寸下，为了得到不同深度位置的清晰像，必须在成像之前通过机械调焦的方式来对准到相应的深度才能实现。
针对传统照相***所存在的问题，光场照相***的优势在于：任一深度位置的图像都可以通过数字对焦计算获得，因而无需机械调焦，同时也解决了景深受孔径尺寸的限制问题。但其缺点是成像分辨率低于传统照相***。
上述两种照相***，各具优缺点，且任一照相***均不能即可以获得低分辨率的整个物空间深度的清晰像，又可以获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述缺陷或不足，期望提供一种液晶盒及拍摄***，以解决现有技术中出现的任一照相***均不能即可以获得低分辨率的整个物空间深度的清晰像，又可以获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像的问题。
本申请一方面提供一种液晶盒，包括折射率切换层，所述折射率切换层包括液晶层和形成有多个衍射透镜的基板，所述液晶层至少填满各所述衍射透镜的光栅槽；
还包括第一透明电极层和第二透明电极层，所述液晶层在所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层通断电时分别具有第一折射率和第二折射率，所述第一折射率大于所述第二折射率，所述第一折射率与所述衍射透镜的折射率相同。
优选地，所述折射率切换层的上侧或下侧设置有偏光片。
优选地，所述衍射透镜朝向所述液晶层的一侧设置有多圈同心的环形衍射相位光栅条，相邻两所述环形衍射相位光栅条之间的间隙为所述光栅槽。
优选地，所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层位于所述折射率切换层的同一侧；或者，
所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层分置于所述折射率切换层的两侧。
优选地，所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层两者之一为相互平行的条状电极层，另一为面状电极层。
优选地，所述环形衍射相位光栅条满足以下关系式：
N＝2m；
dj＝rj-rj-1；
其中，N为每一所述环形衍射相位光栅条的台阶数，m为自然数，φ为相邻台阶的相位差，h为台阶高度，λ为入射偏振光波长，n为衍射透镜的折射率，n0为所述第二折射率，dj为菲涅耳波带宽度，j为菲涅耳波带数，rj为菲涅耳波带半径，f为菲涅耳透镜的焦距。
优选地，多个所述衍射透镜以矩阵方式排布。
本发明又一方面还提供一种拍摄***，包括沿光路方向设置的物镜、上述的液晶盒及光电探测器。
进一步地，所述液晶盒与所述物镜共焦面。
进一步地，满足以下关系式：
其中，D为物镜的孔径，f1为物镜的焦距，d为液晶盒的孔径，f2为液晶盒的焦距。
本申请提供的上述方案，液晶层在第一透明电极层和第二透明电极层通断电时分别具有第一折射率和第二折射率，第一折射率大于第二折射率，且第一折射率与衍射透镜的折射率相同。当液晶层处于第一折射率状态时，整个液晶盒起到平面玻璃的作用，而当液晶层处于第二折射率状态时，整个液晶盒起到衍射透镜的作用。当该液晶盒应用于拍摄***中，在液晶盒起衍射透镜作用时，该拍摄***可获得低分辨率的整个物空间深度的清晰像，即光场成像；在液晶盒起平板玻璃作用时，该拍摄***可获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像，即传统数码照相***成像。上述方案实现了光场成像与传统照相成像在同一***内的自由且可控的切换。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明实施例提供的液晶盒的一个衍射透镜部位的截面图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的液晶盒的一个衍射透镜部位处于第二折射率的示意图；
图3为本发明另一实施例提供的液晶盒的一个衍射透镜部位的截面图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的衍射透镜与菲涅尔波带之间的对应关系图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的拍摄***的原理示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的拍摄***数字对焦的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明，而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的液晶盒，包括折射率切换层，折射率切换层包括液晶层3和形成有多个衍射透镜2的基板(图1中仅示出了一个衍射透镜2的情况)，液晶层3至少填满各衍射透镜2的光栅槽；还包括第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6，液晶层3在第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6通断电时分别具有第一折射率和第二折射率，第一折射率大于第二折射率，第一折射率与衍射透镜2的折射率相同。
上述方案，液晶层3在第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6通断电时分别具有第一折射率和第二折射率，第一折射率大于第二折射率，且第一折射率与衍射透镜的折射率相同。当液晶层3处于第一折射率状态时，整个液晶盒起到平面玻璃的作用，而当液晶层3处于第二折射率状态时，整个液晶盒起到衍射透镜的作用。当该液晶盒应用于拍摄***中，在液晶盒起衍射透镜作用时，该拍摄***可获得低分辨率的整个物空间深度的清晰像，即光场成像；在液晶盒起平板玻璃作用时，该拍摄***可获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像，即传统数码照相***成像。上述方案实现了光场成像与传统照相成像在同一***内的自由且可控的切换。
进一步地，为了使该液晶盒可以适用于自然光环境中，则在折射率切换层的上侧或下侧设置有偏光片1。使用时，使自然光先经过偏光片1形成线偏振光后再经过折射率切换层。在线偏光环境中，液晶盒可以不用设置偏光片1。
进一步地，衍射透镜2朝向液晶层3的一侧设置有多圈同心的环形衍射相位光栅条8，相邻两环形衍射相位光栅条8之间的间隙为光栅槽。环形衍射相位光栅条可以但不限于为在基板上通过刻蚀的方式形成。
进一步地，第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6位于折射率切换层的同一侧；或者，第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6分置于折射率切换层的两侧。
当第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6位于折射率切换层的同一侧时，作为其中一种优选方式，第一透明电极层4位于液晶层3上，第一透明电极层4上设置透明绝缘层5，透明绝缘层5上设置第二透明电极层6，第二透明电极层6上设置上基板7。采用此种结构，若液晶层采用普通的正性液晶材料时，则需要对液晶层进行初始配向，初始配向时使偏光片1的透光轴与液晶分子长轴的初始配向方向垂直，也即垂直配向。其中，图1中仅示出了透光轴平行纸面的情况，可以认为是图1中的左右水平方向。这时在第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6不加电的情况下，液晶层3相对于入射偏振光具有第二折射率，也即低折射率。当第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6加电的情况下，第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6之间具有压差，液晶层中的液晶分子在电场的驱动下，形成如图2所示的液晶偏转状态，液晶的长轴平行于纸面，可以认为是图1中的左右水平方向，与偏光片的透光轴平行，此时液晶层3对入射偏振光具有高折射率，此时为第一折射率。当第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6断电后，液晶分子又恢复为初始状态，此时液晶层3的折射率又恢复为第二折射率。当然，在一定的情况下也可不对液晶分子进行初始配向，这主要取决于液晶分子的形状。例如：蓝相液晶分子材料，因其分子初始状态为球状，故对其无需进行初始配向。
当第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6分置于折射率切换层的两侧时，作为其中一种可实现方式，如图3所示，衍射透镜2设置于第一透明电极层4上，液晶层3设置于衍射透镜2上，第二透明电极层6设置于液晶层3上，当然，第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6的位置可以互换。采用此种结构，若液晶层3采用普通的正性液晶材料时，则需要对液晶层进行平行配向。
本文所说的其中的一层位于/设置于另外一层之上，可以是指此两层直接接触，也可以是在此两层之间设置有其他层状结构。此外，对液晶进行垂直配向及平行配向属于现有技术，这里不对其进行赘述。
进一步地，第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6两者之一为相互平行的条状电极层，另一为面状电极层。例如，第一透明电极层4为相互平行的条状电极层，第二透明电极层6为面状电极层。采用此种结构，在第一透明电极层4和第二透明电极层6之间形成条形电场，在条形电场的驱动下液晶分子进行偏转，折射率在第一折射率与第二折射率之间切换。
进一步地，环形衍射相位光栅条8满足以下关系式：
N＝2m；
dj＝rj-rj-1；
其中，N为每一环形衍射相位光栅条8的台阶数，m为自然数，φ为相邻台阶的相位差，h为台阶高度，λ为入射偏振光波长，n为衍射透镜3的折射率，n0为第二折射率，dj为菲涅耳波带宽度，j为菲涅耳波带数，rj为菲涅耳波带半径，f为菲涅耳透镜的焦距。
根据上述关系式，图4示出了衍射透镜的环形衍射相位光栅条的台阶数与菲涅尔波带的关系，图中仅示出了衍射透镜具有2、4、8三种台阶数的结构。环形衍射相位光栅条自圆心向外呈里疏外密型，且台阶的宽度与菲涅耳波带的宽度分布相关。当环形衍射相位光栅条具有两阶台阶时，台阶宽度分布与菲涅耳波带宽度分布相同。在台阶数大于二时，每一环形衍射相位光栅条顶部的台阶宽度大于其余台阶的宽度，其余台阶的宽度相同，也即具有一个顶部台阶的宽度，具有N-1个其余台阶宽度，且顶部台阶的宽度对应j为奇数的表达式，其余台阶的宽度对应j为偶数的表达式。
进一步地，多个衍射透镜以矩阵方式排布，形成衍射透镜阵列，例如排列a行b列个衍射透镜，a、b均为自然数。
进一步地，如图5所示，本发明实施例还提供一种拍摄***，包括沿光路方向设置的物镜、上述的液晶盒及光电探测器。上述物镜也即通常所称的镜头。
在液晶盒起到平板玻璃作用时，该拍摄***为传统数码拍摄***，可获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像，在液晶盒起到衍射透镜阵列作用时，该拍摄***为光场拍摄***，可获得低分辨率的整个物空间深度的清晰像。
进一步地，液晶盒与物镜共焦面，可以不用调节物镜的焦距即可进行光场拍摄与传统数码拍摄之间的切换，也即可以采用定焦的物镜。
进一步地，如图5所示，为了使光电探测器达到较佳的利用率，避免因采用较大面积的光电探测器而造成光电探测器面积的浪费，则需要满足以下关系式：
其中，D为物镜11的孔径，f1为物镜11的焦距，d为液晶盒12的孔径，f2为液晶盒12的焦距。
下面结合图6，对本方案进行数字对焦，实现整个空间深度的清晰像的过程及原理进行描述。
在液晶盒的液晶层处于第二折射率状态下，液晶盒即为衍射透镜阵列，在该衍射微透镜阵列所在平面建立直角坐标系x3O3y3(垂直纸面的y轴未画出)，探测器平面建立直角坐标系x2O2y2，数字对焦像面建立直角坐标系x1O1y1。在对焦距离s处A点的光强等于通过物镜的光线，经过液晶盒且到达A点位置时与探测器平面相交的所有点的光强叠加值，即：
设A(x1，y1)，B1(x2，y2)，C1(x2，y2)，由几何关系有：
由式(1)、式(2)和式(3)可知，对于数字对焦任意距离s下的像面，其每一点的光强分布为探测器x2O2y2平面的相应光强点的叠加，通过这样的数字对焦计算方法，可以得出任意像面的光强分布，也就是可以计算对焦任意像面所对应的物空间平面，因此可实现整个物空间深度的清晰成像。在此模式下，由于液晶盒孔径的限制，使得所得到的图像分辨率较传统数码照相***的低。
而上述拍摄***，当液晶盒起平板玻璃作用时(液晶层处于第一折射率状态)，该拍摄***可获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像，即传统数码照相***成像。
因此该拍摄***即可以获得低分辨率的整个物空间深度的清晰像，又可以获得高分辨率的某一物平面景深范围内的清晰像。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的发明范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (10)

1.一种液晶盒，其特征在于，包括折射率切换层，所述折射率切换层包括液晶层和形成有多个衍射透镜的基板，所述液晶层至少填满各所述衍射透镜的光栅槽；
还包括第一透明电极层和第二透明电极层，所述液晶层在所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层通断电时分别具有第一折射率和第二折射率，所述第一折射率大于所述第二折射率，所述第一折射率与所述衍射透镜的折射率相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶盒，其特征在于，所述折射率切换层的上侧或下侧设置有偏光片。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液晶盒，其特征在于，所述衍射透镜朝向所述液晶层的一侧设置有多圈同心的环形衍射相位光栅条，相邻两所述环形衍射相位光栅条之间的间隙为所述光栅槽。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液晶盒，其特征在于，所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层位于所述折射率切换层的同一侧；或者，
所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层分置于所述折射率切换层的两侧。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液晶盒，其特征在于，所述第一透明电极层和所述第二透明电极层两者之一为相互平行的条状电极层，另一为面状电极层。
6.根据权利要求3所述的液晶盒，其特征在于，所述环形衍射相位光栅条满足以下关系式：
N＝2m；
<mrow> <mi>&amp;phi;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
<mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
dj＝rj-rj-1；
<mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
其中，N为每一所述环形衍射相位光栅条的台阶数，m为自然数，φ为相邻台阶的相位差，h为台阶高度，λ为入射偏振光波长，n为衍射透镜的折射率，n0为所述第二折射率，dj为菲涅耳波带宽度，j为菲涅耳波带数，rj为菲涅耳波带半径，f为菲涅耳透镜的焦距。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的液晶盒，其特征在于，多个所述衍射透镜以矩阵方式排布。
8.一种拍摄***，其特征在于，包括沿光路方向设置的物镜、权利要求1-7任一项所述的液晶盒及光电探测器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的拍摄***，其特征在于，所述液晶盒与所述物镜共焦面。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的拍摄***，其特征在于，满足以下关系式：
<mrow> <mfrac> <mi>D</mi> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
其中，D为物镜的孔径，f1为物镜的焦距，d为液晶盒的孔径，f2为液晶盒的焦距。
CN201711178006.8A 2017-11-23 2017-11-23 液晶盒及拍摄*** Pending CN108037598A (zh)

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