CN108011095B - Preparation method of NCA (negative polarity anodic oxidation) cathode material with high cycle stability suitable for power type lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of NCA (negative polarity anodic oxidation) cathode material with high cycle stability suitable for power type lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an NCA positive electrode material with high cycle stability, which is suitable for a power type lithium ion battery, and comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a precursor by using a metaaluminate method, wherein the dripping speed of Ni, Co salt, metaaluminate and ammonia water is fixed, and the pH value of the base solution is controlled by controlling the dripping speed of a NaOH solution. The precursor prepared by the method has uniform appearance and uniform element distribution; 2) the lithium mixing method is a combination of a dry mixing method and a wet mixing method, wherein the dry mixing method mainly uses a low-speed ball mill for ball milling and mixing, and the wet mixing method is to add the mixture into absolute ethyl alcohol and fully stir and mix the mixture. The method can fully and uniformly distribute the lithium element on the surface of the precursor, and simultaneously well protect the spherical shape of the precursor. Compared with NCA materials prepared by other methods, the preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, good repeatability and more uniform particle size distribution of the prepared materials. The charge and discharge performance test shows that the NCA cathode material prepared by the method has the advantages of good consistency, high specific capacity, good cycling stability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and relates to a preparation method of an NCA positive electrode material with high cycle stability, which is suitable for a power type lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, small self-discharge, good cycle performance, no memory function and the like which are incomparable with the traditional batteries, and is considered to be the most ideal energy storage device in the existing new energy automobile. However, due to the limitation of the capacity of the anode and cathode materials, the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is not ideal enough, thereby seriously influencing the market popularization degree of the electric automobile. NCA cathode material (typical component is LiNi)0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) Not only synthesize LiNiO2High capacity and LiCoO2And meanwhile, the structural stability of the material is enhanced by doping Al, so that the cycle performance and the safety performance of NCA are greatly improved. The NCA anode material is the anode with the highest specific capacity in the existing industrial applicationA pole material. However, due to the strong oxidizing property of high-valence nickel, the high-valence nickel is easy to react with the electrolyte, so that the cycle performance of NCA is greatly reduced. Therefore, the development of high-capacity long-cycle NCA positive electrode materials is one of the major development directions of future positive electrode materials.
The main methods for preparing the NCA cathode material comprise: high temperature solid phase methods, sol gel methods, coprecipitation methods, and spray drying methods. For example: patent CN105810937A relates to a preparation method of a high specific energy lithium battery cathode material NCA. The precursor is prepared mainly through a mixed precipitation method, and then the NCA anode material is obtained through lithium mixing, sintering and water washing. The NCA cathode material prepared by the method has a stable structure and good cyclicity. It can be seen that, due to the large difference in the precipitation rates of the Al salt and the Ni, Co salt and sodium hydroxide, it is difficult to ensure uniform distribution of the elements during the precursor preparation process. Further, patent CN106784801A relates to a method for preparing a dynamic high-capacity modified NCA cathode material, which is mainly a hybrid sintering method to prepare the NCA cathode material. The ternary cathode material NCA prepared by the method has the characteristics of high capacity, good high temperature property, long cycle life and the like. However, the physical mixing method used in the method is difficult to ensure the uniform distribution of elements, and the appearance of NCA is difficult to control.
Therefore, the invention provides the preparation method which can ensure the uniform distribution of elements and control the appearance of the NCA anode material, and can effectively prolong the cycle service life of the NCA.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention further optimizes and improves the preparation of the NCA precursor by the conventional coprecipitation method, thereby more effectively improving the appearance distribution of the NCA. The particle size distribution of the prepared NCA anode material is more uniform, so that the better circulation stability of the NCA anode material is ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-cycle-stability NCA positive electrode material suitable for a power type lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a salt solution containing nickel salt and cobalt salt, and marking as a solution I;
2) preparing a metaaluminate solution, and dropwise adding an ammonia water solution into the metaaluminate solution to obtain an alkaline metaaluminate solution which is marked as a solution II;
3) preparing NCA precursor by coprecipitation titration of the solutions I and II and an alkali solution (marked as solution III);
4) and carrying out dry ball milling, wet ball milling and sectional sintering on the NCA precursor and the lithium source to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, in the step 2), the concentration ratio of the ammonia water solution to the salt solution is 1:2-2: 1.
Preferably, in the step 3), the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to the salt solution is 2:1-4: 1.
Preferably, in step 3), the preparation method by coprecipitation titration specifically comprises the following steps:
a. adding a certain amount of ultrapure water into a reaction kettle to serve as a base solution, and adding a certain amount of ammonia water into the ultrapure water until the pH value of the base solution is a certain value;
b. and (3) moving the solutions I, II and III to a reaction kettle, and fixing the dropping speeds of the solution I and the solution II. Fixing the pH value of the base solution to a certain fixed value by adjusting the solution III;
c. titrating the solution for reaction for 10-40 hours, and aging for 12-36 hours; and filtering the aged precipitate for 3-6 times, and drying in an oven to obtain green powder, namely the NCA precursor.
Preferably, in step a, ammonia water is added dropwise to the base solution until the pH of the base solution is between 10.5 and 11.5.
Preferably, in step b, the pH of the fixing base solution is between 10.5 and 11.5.
Preferably, the dry ball milling comprises the following specific steps: ball milling the granular lithium hydroxide into fine powder by using a ball mill, weighing the precursor and the powdery lithium hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the powdery lithium hydroxide is 1:1.05, and fully mixing the precursor and the lithium hydroxide by using a low-rotation-speed ball mill to obtain a mixture.
Preferably, the wet ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the mixture, and fully stirring the mixture in a stirrer for 4 to 6 hours; after stirring uniformly, pouring the mixed solution into a beaker, and putting the beaker into an oven for drying until the absolute ethyl alcohol is completely volatilized; and putting the powder into a low-speed ball mill to be continuously mixed for 2-4 h.
Preferably, the specific conditions of the step sintering are as follows: firstly sintering at 550 ℃ for 5h and at 750 ℃ for 15h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
The invention also provides an NCA cathode material prepared by any one of the methods.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The precursor is prepared by a coprecipitation method, the appearance of the NCA anode material can be well controlled, and meanwhile, the spherical structure of the NCA precursor can be well maintained by the lithium mixing method in the process. The particle size of the NCA anode material prepared by the invention is concentrated in 4-6 μm, the NCA multiplying power performance under the particle size is excellent, and simultaneously, the similar particle size distribution plays an important role in the cycle stability of the NCA anode material. Therefore, the lithium battery assembled by the NCA cathode material prepared by the method has excellent rate capability and cycling stability.
(2) The preparation method is simple, strong in practicability and easy to popularize.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of cycle performance of lithium batteries composed of the NCA positive electrode material according to the present invention and commercial NCA positive electrode material without surface coating.
Fig. 2 shows the morphology (scanning electron microscope SEM) of the precursor of the NCA positive electrode material prepared in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
A preparation method of an NCA anode material with high cycle stability, which is suitable for a power type lithium ion battery. The preparation method mainly comprises the preparation of NCA precursor and the lithium mixing of the precursor.
The preparation of the precursor comprises the steps of firstly weighing nickel salt and cobalt salt according to the element ratio of nickel to cobalt of 0.8: 0.15. Then the three solutions are coprecipitated and titrated to prepare the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the salt solution comprises Ni and Co salts, the alkaline metaaluminate solution comprises metaaluminate and ammonia water, and the sodium hydroxide solution.
The meta-aluminate is prepared by mixing aluminum salt and sodium hydroxide with the amount of 4-5 times of the aluminum salt.
The concentration ratio of the ammonia solution to the salt solution is 1:2-2: 1.
The concentration ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to the salt solution is 2:1-4: 1.
And preparing the precursor, namely dripping 2-6L of ultrapure water in the base solution to the pH value of 10.5-11.5 by using ammonia water.
During the preparation and titration of the precursor, the dripping speed of a salt solution composed of Ni and Co salts and an alkaline metaaluminate solution composed of metaaluminate and ammonia water is kept unchanged, and the pH value of the base solution is controlled to be 10.5-11.5 by changing the titration speed of a sodium hydroxide solution.
And (2) performing ball milling and crushing on the large-particle lithium hydroxide of the lithium mixture of the precursor by using a ball mill, weighing the precursor and the powdery lithium hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the powdery lithium hydroxide is 1:1.05, and fully mixing the precursor and the lithium hydroxide by using a low-rotation-speed ball mill. The precursor was mixed with lithium hydroxide using a low speed ball mill.
And adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the mixture of the precursor and the lithium hydroxide, placing the mixture into a stirrer, stirring for 4-6h, pouring the mixed solution into a beaker, and placing the beaker into an oven for drying until the absolute ethyl alcohol is completely volatilized. Then a low-speed ball mill containing small resin balls is used for ball milling for 2-4h at the rotating speed of 50-150 rpm.
The sintering process of the mixed lithium of the precursor is sectional sintering, the sintering is carried out for 5h at 550 ℃ and for 15h at 750 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the NCA positive electrode material comprises the following steps: preparing NCA precursor by coprecipitation method, and mixing lithium by dry method and wet method.
In the preparation of the NCA precursor, the salts of Ni, Co and Al are all sulfate, and the using content of ammonia water (NH)3) Is 25-28 wt% ammonia water solution. The titration reaction is carried out by an automatic titration reaction kettle, and the rotating speed in the titration process is 600 rap/min.
In the lithium mixing method, the lithium source is LiOH2O。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, weighing 4mol of sulfate of the total mass according to the element ratio of Ni, Co and Al of 80:15:5, mixing Ni and Co salts to prepare a salt solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, weighing 0.9mol of NaOH and Al salts to prepare meta-aluminate, and simultaneously adding 5.5mol of ammonia water into the meta-aluminate to prepare a solution with the same volume as that of the Ni and Co salts. 9mol of NaOH is weighed to prepare an alkali solution with the solution concentration of 4 mol/L. 4L of ultrapure water as a base solution, dropwise adding 15ml of ammonia water into the base solution, controlling the dropping speed of the metaaluminate solution to be the same as that of the salt solution, and controlling the pH of the reaction base solution to be 10.5-11.5 by adjusting the dropping speed of NaOH. The reaction was aged for 24h after 18 h. And filtering and washing the precursor for 4 times, and drying in an oven to obtain the NCA precursor.
(2) According to the precursor and LiOH2The O ratio is 1:1.05 weighing precursor and powdery LiOH.H2And O, mixing and ball milling for 2 hours by a ball mill at the rotating speed of 80rpm, adding the mixture subjected to ball milling into absolute ethyl alcohol, wet mixing for 4 hours, pouring into a culture dish, drying, and ball milling for 2 hours by a low-speed ball mill at the rotating speed of 80 rpm. And sintering the mixture (sintering at 550 ℃ for 5h, sintering at 750 ℃ for 15h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min) to obtain the NCA cathode material.
Example 2:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that
The concentrations of Ni salt solution, Co salt solution, metaaluminate salt solution and alkali liquor are respectively 1mol/L, 1.2mol/L and 2.4 mol/L.
According to the precursor and LiOH2The O ratio is 1: 1.03, and the ball milling rotating speed is 100 rpm.
Example 3:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that
The titration time is 28h, the aging time is 12h, and the rotating speed of the reaction kettle is 700rpm in the titration process.
Comparative example 1:
the non-coated NCA cathode materials NCA1 and NCA2 are respectively provided by two domestic companies.
And (3) performance testing:
the NCA described in example 1 and comparative example 1 were used as a positive electrode material to prepare a positive electrode plate, the lithium plate was used as a negative electrode to prepare a 2032 type coin cell, and the cycling performance test was performed on the three groups of cells by using a blue-electricity system, and the test results are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be observed from fig. 1, the uncoated NCA cathode material prepared according to the present invention has a significant advantage in cycle stability, compared to the NCA cathode materials provided by two companies.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is: in the preparation process, no metaaluminate solution is added, and 5.5mol of ammonia water is added into a mixed salt solution of Ni and Co.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is: the wet ball milling is not carried out in the preparation process.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is: the dry ball milling is not carried out in the preparation process.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is: in the preparation process, wet ball milling is carried out firstly, and then dry ball milling is carried out.
Application example
The positive electrode sheets prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were prepared to be charged, the lithium sheet was the negative electrode, the separator was polyethylene, and the electrolyte composition was 1.0M LiPF6in EC DMC EMC 1:1 Vol%, and cycle test at 1C for 100 cycles in a voltage range of 3.0V-4.3V. The test structure is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1 above: under the multiplying power of 0.1C, the discharge specific capacities of the three pole pieces are all about 200mAh/g, and the difference is not large. The first effect was about 85%, but after 100 cycles of the cycle test at 1C, the capacity retention rates of examples 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than those of the samples in the comparative examples. It is demonstrated that the NCA positive electrode materials prepared in the examples have excellent cycle stability.
Therefore, compared with the NCA cathode material without surface coating in the market, the NCA cathode material prepared by the method has greatly improved cycle stability. Meanwhile, the product has better consistency.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-cycle-stability NCA positive electrode material suitable for a power type lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) preparing a salt solution containing nickel salt and cobalt salt, and marking as a solution I;
2) preparing a metaaluminate solution, and dropwise adding an ammonia water solution into the metaaluminate solution to obtain an alkaline metaaluminate solution which is marked as a solution II;
3) preparing NCA precursor by coprecipitation titration of the solutions I and II and an alkali solution, namely solution III;
4) carrying out dry ball milling, wet ball milling and segmented sintering on the NCA precursor and a lithium source to obtain the lithium ion battery;
in the step 3), the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to the salt solution is 2:1-4: 1;
the dry ball milling comprises the following specific steps: ball-milling the granular lithium hydroxide into fine powder by using a ball mill, weighing a precursor and powdery lithium hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the powdery lithium hydroxide is 1:1.05, and fully mixing the precursor and the lithium hydroxide by using a low-rotation-speed ball mill to obtain a mixture;
the wet ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the mixture prepared by the dry ball milling, and fully stirring for 4-6h in a stirrer; after stirring uniformly, pouring the mixed solution into a beaker, and putting the beaker into an oven for drying until the absolute ethyl alcohol is completely volatilized; putting the powder into a low-speed ball mill and continuously mixing for 2-4 h;
the specific conditions of the step sintering are as follows: firstly sintering at 550 ℃ for 5h and at 750 ℃ for 15h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous ammonia solution to the concentration of the salt solution is between 1:2 and 2: 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3), the specific steps of the coprecipitation titration preparation are as follows:
a. adding ultrapure water into a reaction kettle to serve as a base solution, and adding ammonia water into the ultrapure water until the pH value of the base solution is a certain value;
b. moving the solutions I, II and III to a reaction kettle, and fixing the dropping speeds of the solution I and the solution II; fixing the pH value of the base solution to a certain fixed value by adjusting the solution III;
c. titrating the solution for reaction for 10-40 hours, and aging for 12-36 hours; and filtering the aged precipitate for 3-6 times, and drying in an oven to obtain green powder, namely the NCA precursor.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step a, aqueous ammonia is added dropwise to the base solution to a pH of between 10.5 and 11.5.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein in step b, the pH of the fixing base is between 10.5 and 11.5.
6. An NCA positive electrode material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN112174223A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江美都海创锂电科技有限公司 | Preparation process of high-nickel NCA precursor |
| CN112038627A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 浙江中金格派锂电产业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of TiN-coated nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary positive electrode material |
| CN113896252A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-01-07 | 格林爱科(荆门)新能源材料有限公司 | Preparation method of nickel-cobalt-aluminum precursor |
| CN114956204B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-03-29 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of Al-doped nickel-rich positive electrode single crystal material |
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| CN1500732A (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-02 | �����ǵ��ӹɷ�����˾ | Method for preparing Lithium transition metal composite oxides from carbonate propodosoma |
| CN105206827A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-30 | 宁波金和锂电材料有限公司 | Nickel, cobalt and aluminum hydroxide and preparation method thereof and cathode material for lithium ion cell |
| CN106299347A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 | Nickel cobalt aluminum ternary precursor and preparation method thereof and the positive electrode prepared and method |
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| CN1500732A (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-02 | �����ǵ��ӹɷ�����˾ | Method for preparing Lithium transition metal composite oxides from carbonate propodosoma |
| CN105206827A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-30 | 宁波金和锂电材料有限公司 | Nickel, cobalt and aluminum hydroxide and preparation method thereof and cathode material for lithium ion cell |
| CN106299347A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 | Nickel cobalt aluminum ternary precursor and preparation method thereof and the positive electrode prepared and method |
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