CN107994240A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107994240A CN107994240A CN201711405348.9A CN201711405348A CN107994240A CN 107994240 A CN107994240 A CN 107994240A CN 201711405348 A CN201711405348 A CN 201711405348A CN 107994240 A CN107994240 A CN 107994240A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- conducting piece
- membrane electrode
- electrode assembly
- fuel cell
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Fuel cell provided by the invention, including：Pile, including membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates, the upper and lower surface of membrane electrode assembly are provided with power generation operation face, and membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates are arranged to along the direction stacked arrangement perpendicular to power generation operation face；The heat source of heat is provided；And the heat-conductive assembly of membrane electrode assembly is conducted heat to, heat-conductive assembly includes：First heat-conducting piece, along at least side that pile is arranged at perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face；Second heat-conducting piece, is arranged between the first heat-conducting piece and bipolar plates, and heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between the first heat-conducting piece；3rd heat-conducting piece, is arranged between laminated film electrode assemblie and bipolar plates, transmits heat by conduction pattern between the second heat-conducting piece and is contacted with the second heat-conducting piece, transmits heat by conduction pattern between membrane electrode assembly and is contacted with power generation operation face.It is high, of simple structure and low cost that the fuel cell of the present invention preheats short, rapid heat dissipation, temperature consistency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell, and specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of proton with heat source and heat-conducting piece
Exchange film fuel battery.
Background technology
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells make use of the backward reaction principle of electrolysis water, make as one " chemical electricity generator "
Hydrogen (anode) and oxygen (cathode) are produced electricl energy under the action of catalyst by electrochemical reaction.
The electrochemical reaction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells occurs in stack system (hereinafter referred to as " pile "), and pile is matter
The electricity generation system of proton exchange film fuel cell, includes the membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates of stacked arrangement.Every membrane electrode assembly
Upper and lower surface is both provided with power generation operation face.The upper and lower surface of every bipolar plates is both provided with flow field, the flow field and film
Electrode assemblie power generation operation face is parallel, for passing through for the gas needed for cathode and anode.Every membrane electrode assembly with thereon
The correspondence surface of the bipolar plates of lower both sides forms a generator unit.
Since membrane electrode assembly only just can effectively generate electricity in the range of limited operating temperature (operation temperature),
Membrane electrode assembly is very harsh to temperature requirement, shows following two aspects：
First, when the temperature of membrane electrode assembly is excessive, irreversible infringement can be caused to membrane electrode assembly.Work as membrane electrode
When the temperature of component is too low, the electrochemical reaction rates in membrane electrode assembly are excessively slow, and can not effectively work power generation, and user can not make
With.Therefore it must be heated before, make its heat up as early as possible preheating reach operating temperature lower limit with reduce user etc.
Treat the time.Show according to the related research of Juhl Andreasen et al., reached using the pile of Electric heating under operating temperature
Required heating preheating time is limited usually at 30-60 minutes or so, so the long stand-by period will serious influence user
Use feeling, the application range of fuel cell.
In addition, the uniformity of membrane electrode assembly operating temperature also has very important shadow to the generating capacity of membrane electrode assembly
Ring.The operating temperature of same membrane electrode assembly different parts should be as far as possible consistent, the work between the membrane electrode assembly of different layers
Temperature also should be as far as possible consistent.Only in such generating capacity that could preferably play membrane electrode assembly.
In the prior art, the component for membrane electrode assembly offer operating temperature institute calorific requirement is bipolar plates, and bipolar plates are not
Only need to receive outside heat, these heats rapidly and efficiently be delivered to membrane electrode assembly, it is also necessary to undertake membrane electrode assembly
The requirement of the various aspects of performance such as required electric conductivity, mechanical strength, corrosion-resistant, gas barrier properties, quality, cost.Due to for film electricity
The component that pole component provides heat assume responsibility for excessive function, be subject to various conditionalities, it is difficult to meet the need of membrane electrode assembly
Ask, therefore cause that fuel cell pile of the prior art starts overlong time, generating capacity is bad, manufacture is with high costs,
The use feeling of user has been seriously affected, has reduced the existent value of fuel cell, has formd the skill for influencing fuel cell development
Art bottleneck.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pre-heating temperature elevation time is short, radiating rate is fast, temperature consistency is high, structure is simple
Fuel cell single, of low cost, applied widely.
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of fuel cell, including：Pile, the pile include at least a piece of membrane electrode
Component and at least one bipolar plates, wherein, the upper and lower surface of every membrane electrode assembly is both provided with power generation operation face, institute
State at least a piece of membrane electrode assembly and at least one bipolar plates are arranged to along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face layer
Stack arrangement；Heat source, for providing heat；And for conducting the heat from the heat source at least a piece of membrane electrode
The heat-conductive assembly of component, wherein, the heat-conductive assembly includes：First heat-conducting piece, along perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face
It is arranged at least side of the pile；Second heat-conducting piece, is arranged at first heat-conducting piece and at least one bipolar plates
Between, heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between first heat-conducting piece；And the 3rd heat-conducting piece, it is arranged at stacked arrangement
Between membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates, heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and second heat-conducting piece
And be in contact with second heat-conducting piece, heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and the membrane electrode assembly
Measure and be in contact with the power generation operation face of the membrane electrode assembly.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of fuel cell, including：Pile, the pile include a piece of membrane electrode
Component and a pair of of unipolar plate, wherein, the upper and lower surface of membrane electrode assembly is both provided with power generation operation face, the pair of list
Pole plate edge is respectively arranged at upside, the downside in the power generation operation face perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face；Heat source, is used for
Heat is provided, and for conducting the heat from the heat source to the heat-conductive assembly of the membrane electrode assembly, wherein, it is described
Heat-conductive assembly includes：First heat-conducting piece, along at least side that the pile is arranged at perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face；
Second heat-conducting piece, is arranged between first heat-conducting piece and the unipolar plate, passes through conduction between first heat-conducting piece
Mode transmits heat；And the 3rd heat-conducting piece, be arranged between membrane electrode assembly and unipolar plate, the 3rd heat-conducting piece with it is described
Heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between second heat-conducting piece and is in contact with second heat-conducting piece, the 3rd heat-conducting piece and institute
State and heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between membrane electrode assembly and is in contact with the power generation operation face of the membrane electrode assembly.
The fuel cell of the present invention includes pile, the heat source for pile heat supply and the heat-conductive assembly for conducting heat.Wherein, by
The heat-conductive assembly of first, second, third heat-conducting piece composition is formed independently of bipolar plates Wai Waire roads, is provided for membrane electrode assembly
Heat supply, heat dissipation, soakage function.Second, third heat-conducting piece forms the external circuit outside independently of bipolar plates, is provided for membrane electrode assembly
Current collection, conducting function.Such set-up mode has shared the function of bipolar plates, expands the selection range of bipolar plates, greatly
Reduce the cost of bipolar plates.Can not only efficiently solve pile heating preheating time it is long caused by period of reservation of number mistake
Long problem, improves the uniformity of stack temperature, can also reduce the manufacture cost and difficulty of processing of fuel cell, expands fuel
The scope of application of battery.
Below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments into traveling to technical scheme and the advantages of thus bring
One step is described in detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of the fuel cell in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view along line A-A of the fuel cell in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the front view of the fuel cell in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view along A '-A ' lines of the fuel cell in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the front view of the fuel cell in Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the fuel cell in Fig. 7 along A "-A " sectional view of line.
Embodiment
Various aspects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.Need to illustrate
, the present invention in attached drawing be only used for the present invention embodiment illustrate, it is each to fuel cell of the present invention
The concrete structure of component, relative position, material etc. do not form any restriction, the component in attached drawing be not necessarily in proportion into
Row is drawn, its design for focusing on to the present invention is illustrated；Also, the embodiment of the present invention is only to lift
Example explanation, does not form protection scope of the present invention any restriction.
In each embodiment of the present invention, the well-known structure or material being directed to are not made in detail
Explanation.Also, feature, structure or characteristic described in the invention can in one or more embodiments group in any way
Close.In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that following various embodiments are served only for for example, not for restriction
Protection scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment described herein and shown in the drawings
Component can be arranged and be designed in a variety of different configurations or ratio.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of fuel cell, including：Pile, the pile include at least sheet of membrane electricity
Pole component and at least one bipolar plates, wherein, the upper and lower surface of every membrane electrode assembly is both provided with power generation operation face,
At least a piece of membrane electrode assembly and at least one bipolar plates are arranged to along perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face
Stacked arrangement；Heat source, for providing heat；And for conducting the heat from the heat source at least sheet of membrane electricity
The heat-conductive assembly of pole component, wherein, the heat-conductive assembly includes：First heat-conducting piece, along perpendicular to the side in the power generation operation face
To at least side for being arranged at the pile, the second heat-conducting piece, be arranged at first heat-conducting piece with it is described at least one bipolar
Between plate, heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between first heat-conducting piece, the 3rd heat-conducting piece, is arranged at the film of stacked arrangement
Between electrode assemblie and bipolar plates, heat is transmitted simultaneously by conduction pattern between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and second heat-conducting piece
It is in contact with second heat-conducting piece, heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and the membrane electrode assembly
And it is in contact with the power generation operation face of the membrane electrode assembly.
Embodiments of the present invention additionally provide a kind of fuel cell, including：Pile, the pile include a piece of membrane electrode
Component and a pair of of unipolar plate, wherein, the upper and lower surface of membrane electrode assembly is both provided with power generation operation face, the pair of list
Pole plate is respectively arranged at upside, the downside in the power generation operation face of the membrane electrode assembly, is arranged to along perpendicular to the power generation work
Make the direction stacked arrangement in face.Heat source, for providing heat, and for conducting the heat from the heat source to the film
The heat-conductive assembly of electrode assemblie, wherein, the heat-conductive assembly includes：First heat-conducting piece, along perpendicular to the power generation operation face
Direction is arranged at least side of the pile, and the second heat-conducting piece, is arranged between first heat-conducting piece and the unipolar plate,
Heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between first heat-conducting piece, the 3rd heat-conducting piece, is arranged at membrane electrode assembly and unipolar plate
Between, between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and second heat-conducting piece by conduction pattern transmit heat and with second heat-conducting piece
Be in contact, between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and the membrane electrode assembly by conduction pattern transmit heat and with the membrane electrode assembly
The power generation operation face of part is in contact.
The good capacity of heat transmission of first heat-conducting piece can not only ensure the quick conduction of heat, play the role of heat conduction, and
And can ensure the temperature consistency between the second heat-conducting piece of diverse location, play the role of soaking body.In addition, the first heat-conducting piece
Exposed parts more heat dissipation areas can be provided for heat dissipation, easy to set radiator or be further subject to profit to waste heat
With.The design of built-in working medium avoid working medium leak, peculiar smell the problems such as generation.Outer solid shell ensure that first, second
Heat transfer can be carried out using conduction pattern between heat-conducting piece, ensure that heat transfer efficiency.First heat-conducting piece collection heat conduction, heat dissipation, soaking
It is integrated, completes multiple functions using a component, become most simple design.The setting of second heat-conducting piece effectively increases itself and
First, the contact area of the 3rd heat-conducting piece, improves the capacity of heat transmission, while alleviates itself to greatest extent because surface area increases band
The increase of the volume, quality come.The design being arranged at outside power generation operation face, can carry out preservative treatment to avoid to it, simplify
Production technology, reduce production cost.3rd heat-conducting piece using lightweight, high heat conduction, it is highly conductive, corrosion-resistant, have excellent sealing work
Carbon material, only need to simply to process to be efficiently the power generation operation face heat supply of membrane electrode assembly, heat dissipation, current collection, leads
Electricity.
In some embodiments, the first heat-conducting piece can be located at the side of pile, or both sides or three sides or four sides.First
The thermal conductivity of heat-conducting piece is not less than 10W/mK.First heat-conducting piece can be by solid shell and the fluid being enclosed within solid shell work
Matter forms, to increase thermal conductivity, the problems such as working medium peculiar smell can simultaneously be solved by realizing the uniform conductive of heat.For example, solid shell
It can be made by metal of the thermal conductivity not less than 10W/mK with nonmetallic, such as by copper, iron, aluminium, nickel, titanium, aluminium nitride, oxidation
Aluminium, carborundum, carbon etc. are made；Fluid working substance can be made of liquid or gas.In some embodiments, the first heat-conducting piece can
It is more than the phase transformation heat pipe of 400W/mK for heat pipe, such as phase transformation heat pipe and non-phase transformation heat pipe, such as thermal conductivity, or is more than
The non-phase transformation heat pipe of 1000W/mK, even greater than 4000W/mK.First heat-conducting piece also can be by metal or nonmetallic obtained, example
Such as it is made by gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminium, nickel or titanium, such as aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide, carborundum and carbon.
In some embodiments, the second heat-conducting piece can be in contact with bipolar plates or be not in contact with bipolar plates (such as
Bipolar plates both sides can be connected to by hook), pass through conduction between the second heat-conducting piece and the first heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Mode transmits heat, its role is to by the heat transfer that the first heat-conducting piece passes over to the 3rd heat-conducting piece, it is light to try one's best
Quality, try one's best more increases and the first heat-conducting piece, the contact area of the 3rd heat-conducting piece.The quantity of second heat-conducting piece can be with first
The quantity of heat-conducting piece is corresponding：When the first heat-conducting piece is only arranged at the side of pile, the second heat-conducting piece can also be only arranged at double
The side of pole plate；When the first heat-conducting piece is only arranged at the both sides of pile, the second heat-conducting piece may also set up in the both sides of bipolar plates.
The thermal conductivity of second heat-conducting piece is not less than 120W/mK, for example, can by metal or it is nonmetallic be made, such as by gold, silver, copper,
Aluminium, aluminium nitride and carbon etc. are made.
The power generation operation face of 3rd heat-conducting piece and membrane electrode assembly is in close contact, and is risen and is transferred heat to membrane electrode assembly
Effect.It need not undertake the functions such as the intensity of bipolar plates, flow field, need to only consider the heat conduction of material, conduction, corrosion-resistant, trapping
Performance.3rd heat-conducting piece can be made by material of the various thermal conductivitys not less than 120W/mK.Since the 3rd heat-conducting piece also needs to
The effect of conduction is played, therefore the resistivity for making the material of the 3rd heat-conducting piece should be less than 1x10-4Ω·m.3rd heat-conducting piece can
To be made of conductive nonmetal material, the nonmetallic materials include but not limited to：Carbon.
Connected between first, second, third heat-conducting piece using fastening means, utilize the heat transfer side of efficient solid conduction
Formula, does not use moving component, number of components few, simple in structure, construct easy, system stability and durability, lower cost for material.
When the first heat-conducting piece (or sheathing material) is conductive, it is also provided between the first heat-conducting piece and the second heat-conducting piece
Insulating part, to avoid short circuit phenomenon, at this time, the first heat-conducting piece is in contact by the insulating part with the second heat-conducting piece.Insulating part should
The material of lightweight, Bao Xing, high temperature resistant, good insulating is selected to make, its resistivity is not less than 1x 1010Ω m, insulating part can be by
Ceramic material or plastic material are made, ceramic material can be selected from aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide, plastic material can be selected from nylon PA,
Polyether-ether-ketone PEEK, polyimides PI, polyphenylene thioether PPS, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE and liquid crystal polymer LCP etc..
In alternative embodiments, when the first heat-conducting piece is non-conductive, (such as it is the insulating materials such as ceramics or it is solid
Body case is made by ceramic material when insulating materials) or the second heat-conducting piece it is non-conductive when (such as the second heat-conducting piece is exhausted by ceramics etc.
Edge material is made, and external circuit conducting function is realized by extra conductive component), the design of insulating part can also be omitted.
As a result of the design of the heat-conductive assembly outside independently of bipolar plates, therefore the function of bipolar plates is greatly simplified
, without possessing thermal conductivity ability, only need to possess the performance such as intensity, trapping, corrosion-resistant, it is possible to using it is cheap,
Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, easy processing material are made, and can greatly reduce the material cost and processing charges of bipolar plates, improve double
In the service life of pole plate, expand the use scope of fuel cell.
Simultaneously as employing the heat-conductive assembly design outside independently of bipolar plates, changing bipolar plates in the prior art is
The relative position of the pattern of membrane electrode assembly heat supply, bipolar plates and membrane electrode assembly is also changed.In the present invention, bipolar plates
Separated between membrane electrode assembly by the 3rd heat-conducting piece.When heat is incoming from the 3rd heat-conducting piece, bipolar plates and membrane electrode
The phenomenon of contention heat can be produced between component.Due to membrane electrode assembly be as made from acidic materials and high molecular material,
Therefore thermal conductivity is very low, if the material of bipolar plates has the heat conduction of more than 10W/mK such as U.S. Department of Energy requirement
Rate, just obtains the heat that the 3rd heat-conducting piece transmits prior to membrane electrode assembly, delays the pipeline start up by preheating time of membrane electrode assembly.Cause
This, in the present invention, is changed to make bipolar plates/unipolar plate using the low-down material of thermal conductivity.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal conductivity for making the high molecular material that bipolar plates/unipolar plate uses should be lower
It is better so as to be transmitted to membrane electrode assembly by the heat of the 3rd heat-conducting piece importing is as much as possible.But even so, with the time
Along length, bipolar plates can still absorb heat heating, its temperature eventually tends to be close with the temperature of membrane module.But as long as membrane electrode assembly
Part is started to work, and will discharge heat.And bipolar plates are not heated to the pre-heating temperature elevation of membrane electrode assembly just not using these heats
It can cause any harmful effect.Moreover, bipolar plates low thermal conductivity, heat absorption are slow, can also each by membrane electrode assembly,
Atmosphere effect is formed in the single generator unit that 3rd heat-conducting piece, the second heat-conducting piece and bipolar plates are formed, is greatly conducive to film
The demand that electrode assemblie is stablized for operating temperature.In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of bipolar plates is not more than 10W/mK,
So that heat is transferred to membrane electrode assembly to heat membrane electrode assembly as far as possible, resistivity is more than 1 × 10-4Ω·m.Bipolar plates/
Unipolar plate can be made of ceramics or plastics, for example, can be by nylon PA, polyether-ether-ketone PEEK, polyimides PI, polyphenylene sulfide
PPS, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE and liquid crystal polymer LCP are made, and the thermal conductivity of these materials is not more than 10W/mK, corrosion-resistant rate
Less than 1 μ A/cm2, hydrogen air penetrability be less than 2.10-6cm3/cm2S, heat distortion temperature is not less than 260 DEG C, resistance under 0.45Mp pressure
Rate is more than 1 × 10-4Ω·m。
【Embodiment 1】
Fig. 1 is that a kind of exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of embodiment, Fig. 2 are the fuel electricity in Fig. 1 according to the present invention
The front view in pond, Fig. 3 are the sectional views along line A-A of the fuel cell in Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, fuel cell of the invention includes the pile for power generation, the heat for self-heat power in future
Heat source of the amount conduction to the heat-conductive assembly of pile and for providing heat.
Pile includes 40 membrane electrode assemblies, 1,38 bipolar plates 2 and 2 lists being respectively arranged at the top and bottom of pile
Pole plate 3, heat-conductive assembly includes 2 the first heat-conducting pieces, 4,80 the second heat-conducting pieces 5 and 80 the 3rd heat-conducting pieces 6 (only show in figure
The heat-conducting piece of the 1st membrane electrode assembly, the 20th membrane electrode assembly and the 40th membrane electrode assembly and its both sides and bipolar is gone out
Plate/unipolar plate, remaining duplicate components are omitted, and only make to illustrate).Passed between first heat-conducting piece and the second heat-conducting piece by conduction pattern
Heat is passed, heat, the 3rd heat-conducting piece and membrane electrode assembly are transmitted by conduction pattern between the second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Between heat transmitted by conduction pattern, all parts by conduction pattern transmit heat each other.
Membrane electrode assembly 1 is proton exchange membrane electrode component (for example, the Celtec-P- from the purchase of ADVEDT companies of the U.S.
1000MEA type proton exchange membrane electrodes component), as shown in Figure 1, it is hexahedron structure, power generation operation face 11 is arranged on its face
On two maximum faces of product (i.e. upper and lower surface in Fig. 1), the area in power generation operation face is about 45cm2。
In the form of sheets, its upper and lower surface is both provided with flow field 21 to bipolar plates, and flow field is serpentine-like.Unipolar plate and membrane electrode
The corresponding surface of component is also equipped with flow field, i.e., the lower surface of the unipolar plate at the top of pile is provided with flow field 31, is located at
The upper surface of the unipolar plate of pile bottom is provided with flow field 31, and flow field is serpentine-like.Bipolar plates and unipolar plate are by polyphenylene sulfide
PPS is made, its thermal conductivity 2w/mk, corrosion-resistant 0.85 μ A/cm of rate2, hydrogen air penetrability 1.23-6cm3/cm2S, under 1.82Mp pressure
270 DEG C of heat distortion temperature, resistivity 3*1016Ω·m。
Membrane electrode assembly 1 and bipolar plates 2 along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face (Y-direction in such as Fig. 1) stacked arrangement,
And the power generation operation face of membrane electrode assembly and the flow field of bipolar plates/unipolar plate correspond.
As shown in Figure 1, the first heat-conducting piece 4 is arranged at along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face 11 (Y-direction in such as Fig. 1)
The both sides of pile, in long plate shape, with quick, the uniform heat for transmitting heat source and producing.It is more than 1000W/mK for thermal conductivity
Non- phase transformation heat pipe, be made of solid shell (steel) and the fluid working substance being enclosed within solid shell.
Second heat-conducting piece 5 is arranged between 2 and first heat-conducting piece 4 of bipolar plates, positioned at the both sides of bipolar plates, i.e. its edge hair
The direction (X-direction in such as Fig. 1) of electric working face 11 is arranged at the both sides of bipolar plates, and passes through insulating part 8 with the first heat-conducting piece 4
It is in contact, for by from the heat transfer that the first heat-conducting piece passes over to the 3rd heat-conducting piece.Second heat-conducting piece passes through the company of hook
Be connected on bipolar plates both sides, can be in contact with bipolar plates or be not in contact with bipolar plates (in the present embodiment, the second heat-conducting piece with
Bipolar plates are in contact), it can be identical with the thickness of bipolar plates, in order to which all parts stack in pile.Second heat-conducting piece institute
Place is located away from the power generation operation face of membrane electrode assembly, can effectively avoid the corrosion of acidic materials, reduces the anti-of material
Corruption requires, and saves the expense of anticorrosion process.Second heat-conducting piece is made of aluminum, and the thermal conductivity of aluminium is 200W/mK, is conducive to heat
Amount is transmitted, its is commercially available cheap, and processing technology is simple, beneficial to control cost.
At this time, since the solid shell of the first heat-conducting piece is steel, the second heat-conducting piece is made of aluminum, the second heat-conducting piece and first
Insulating part 8 is additionally provided between heat-conducting piece, to avoid short circuit phenomenon.As shown in Figure 1, insulating part can be attached in the form of sheets
Position that one heat-conducting piece is in contact with the second heat-conducting piece (that is, positioned at the both sides of pile, it is attached on the first heat-conducting piece, to avoid
First heat-conducting piece directly contacts generation short circuit with the second heat-conducting piece), insulating part uses fire resistant polymer polymer polyimide
PI makes, and is the film of thickness 0.15mm.
3rd heat-conducting piece 6 is arranged between adjacent membrane electrode assembly 1 and bipolar plates 2, i.e., positioned at the upper of membrane electrode assembly
Lower both sides, are in contact with the power generation operation face 11 of membrane electrode assembly, and are in contact with the second heat-conducting piece 5.3rd heat-conducting piece passes through
The stacked arrangement of membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates is clipped in the both sides up and down of membrane electrode assembly, is in close contact with the second heat-conducting piece to pass
Heat conduction amount, can be contacted between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and the first heat-conducting piece can not also contact (in the present embodiment, the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Have gap between the first heat-conducting piece) (as shown in Figure 2).On the 3rd heat-conducting piece with the power generation operation face of membrane electrode assembly and double
The corresponding part in flow field of pole plate is also provided with the perforation 61 of supplied gas entrance, which should try one's best and be uniformly distributed, and meets
Gas is electrochemically reacted requirement into membrane electrode assembly surface.3rd heat-conducting piece is the corrosion resistant high heat conduction graphite (U.S.
400 0.94T of GRAF SS), its thermal conductivity is 400W/mK.Although the hardness of graphite, than relatively low, its thermal conductivity can be with
It is very high, so that the demand of membrane electrode assembly heat supply is embodied as with flying colors, also, the density of graphite is 1.5g/cm3, specific heat is
510J/Kg DEG C, its resistivity is again smaller than 1x10-6Ω m, better than the 1x10 of U.S. Department of Energy requirement-4The standard of Ω m, because
This can be very good to undertake the task for membrane electrode assembly thermal conductivity.
In this way, heat is arrived from heat source by the first heat-conducting piece (and insulating part), the second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Up to membrane electrode assembly, between the first heat-conducting piece 4 and the second heat-conducting piece 5, between the second heat-conducting piece 5 and the 3rd heat-conducting piece 6, the 3rd lead
Solid connection is all used to transmit heat using conduction pattern in a manner of being in close contact between warmware 6 and membrane electrode assembly 1,
Heat transfer efficiency is high, and such fuel cell structure is simple and reliable, and of low cost, difficulty of processing is very low, is especially advantageous for advising greatly
Mould produces.
Heat source 7 is arranged on the lower section of the first heat-conducting piece, by the method for burning fuel fully to discharge heat, for example, adopting
Pure methanol is burnt to provide heat for fuel cell with ethanol combustor, and optionally, heat source can also provide heat otherwise
Amount.
To the fuel cell measurement temperature according to above-described embodiment.
Installed on the 1st membrane electrode assembly from top to down, the 20th membrane electrode assembly and the 40th membrane electrode assembly
Temperature measuring point, as shown in Figure 1, the position of center line in the power generation operation face of every membrane electrode assembly installs 3 temperature measuring points (respectively
On the power generation operation face positioned at upper surface), the thermometric on the membrane electrode assembly (the 1st membrane electrode assembly) of heat source farther out
Point numbering is a, b, c, the temperature measuring point numbering on the membrane electrode assembly (the 20th membrane electrode assembly) in the middle part of pile be d, e,
F, the temperature measuring point numbering on the membrane electrode assembly nearer apart from heat source (the 40th membrane electrode assembly) is g, h, i.Gather within every 60 seconds
Data, count the heating situation of every group of temperature measuring point, after more than 10 times experiments are carried out, using its average value as measurement result.
For measured each temperature measuring point since environment temperature (20 DEG C), temperature measurement result when often crossing 60 seconds is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Time (s) | Point a | Point b | Point c | Point d | Point e | Point f | Point g | Point h | Point i |
| 0 | 19.6 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 20.5 |
| 60 | 23.6 | 22.2 | 23.1 | 20.8 | 21.7 | 21.5 | 30.9 | 29.7 | 30.7 |
| 120 | 28.1 | 25.2 | 27.9 | 34.3 | 28.4 | 35.1 | 48.8 | 45.7 | 49.4 |
| 180 | 35.2 | 30.9 | 36.8 | 42.7 | 40.2 | 31.6 | 66.9 | 61.4 | 67.2 |
| 240 | 49.6 | 44.2 | 50.5 | 59.4 | 57.2 | 60.1 | 85.7 | 79.1 | 84.6 |
| 300 | 77.4 | 71.9 | 78.2 | 81.5 | 77.4 | 83.4 | 102.4 | 99.1 | 101.3 |
| 360 | 103.3 | 97.6 | 104.2 | 101.2 | 99.1 | 101.7 | 120.2 | 117.1 | 121.1 |
| 420 | 130.5 | 128.1 | 131.6 | 125.9 | 121.4 | 126.3 | 139.5 | 136.1 | 141.8 |
| 480 | 154.7 | 152.1 | 155.8 | 152.1 | 149.6 | 152.1 | 170.1 | 167.3 | 169.3 |
| 540 | 169.5 | 168.3 | 168.9 | 165.4 | 164.8 | 166.2 | 175.6 | 173.3 | 176.9 |
In the present embodiment, the operating temperature for the proton exchange membrane electrode component that fuel cell uses is 120 DEG C to 180 DEG C,
Preferable operating temperature is 160 DEG C, and membrane electrode assembly is easily damaged during more than 200 DEG C, and membrane electrode assembly is difficult to during less than 120 DEG C
Effectively power generation.In the prior art, the heating preheating of fuel cell usually requires 30~60 minutes, and it is uneven to heat up, pile
Overall generating capacity is poor.
According to table 1 as can be seen that the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention can reach effective work in 420 seconds from after beginning to warm up
Temperature, can greatly shorten the time of heating preheating compared with prior art.Meanwhile not only with the temperature on a piece of membrane electrode assembly
Degree gap is smaller, and the temperature spread in pile between the membrane electrode assembly of diverse location is also smaller.In the film electricity close to heat source
After pole component reaches preferred operating temperature range, it can also be quickly reached positioned at the temperature of middle part and the membrane electrode assembly on top excellent
Select operating temperature, ensure that close to heat source membrane electrode assembly will not temperature it is excessive, the membrane electrode assembly on middle part and top will not
Temperature is too low, embodies excellent temperature consistency, and sound assurance is provided to lift the generating capacity of pile.
It can be seen from the above that the fuel cell of the present embodiment reaches excellent system hot property with cheap manufacture cost, take
Obtained expected effect.
【Embodiment 2】
Fig. 4 is the exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of another embodiment according to the present invention, and Fig. 5 is the fuel in Fig. 4
The front view of battery, Fig. 6 are the sectional views along A '-A ' lines of fuel cell.
As shown in Figures 4 to 6, fuel cell of the invention includes the pile for power generation, the heat for self-heat power in future
Heat source of the amount conduction to the heat-conductive assembly of pile and for providing heat.
Pile includes 2 membrane electrode assemblies 1 ', 1 bipolar plates 2 ' and 2 lists being respectively arranged at the top and bottom of pile
Pole plate 3 ', heat-conductive assembly include 2 the first heat-conducting pieces 4 ', 6 the second heat-conducting pieces 5 ' and 4 the 3rd heat-conducting pieces 6 '.First heat conduction
Heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between part and the second heat-conducting piece, passes through conduction pattern between the second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Heat is transmitted, heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and membrane electrode assembly, all parts pass through each other
Conduction pattern transmits heat.
Membrane electrode assembly 1 ' is proton exchange membrane electrode component (for example, the Celtec-P- from the purchase of ADVEDT companies of the U.S.
1000MEA type proton exchange membrane electrodes component), as shown in figure 4, it is hexahedron structure, power generation operation face (i.e. power generation operation face
11 ') it is arranged on two faces of its area maximum (i.e. upper and lower surface in Fig. 4), the area in power generation operation face is about
45cm2。
In the form of sheets, its upper and lower surface is both provided with flow field 21 ' to bipolar plates, and flow field is serpentine-like.Unipolar plate in the form of sheets,
Its surface opposite with membrane electrode assembly is provided with flow field, i.e., the lower surface of the unipolar plate at the top of pile is provided with flow field
31 ', the upper surface of the unipolar plate of pile bottom is provided with flow field 31 ', flow field is serpentine-like.Bipolar plates and unipolar plate by
Polyphenylene thioether PPS is made, its thermal conductivity 2w/mk, corrosion-resistant 0.85 μ A/cm of rate2, hydrogen air penetrability 1.23-6cm3/cm2s、
270 DEG C of heat distortion temperature, resistivity 3*10 under 1.82Mp pressure16Ω m parts.
Membrane electrode assembly 1 ' and bipolar plates 2 ' are laminated row along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face (Y-direction in such as Fig. 4)
Row, and the power generation operation face of membrane electrode assembly and the flow field of bipolar plates/unipolar plate correspond.
As shown in figure 4, the first heat-conducting piece 4 ' is set along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face 11 ' (Y-direction in such as Fig. 4)
In the both sides of pile, in long plate shape, rapidly and uniformly to transmit the heat of heat source generation.It is copper sheet, thermal conductivity 377W/
m·K。
Second heat-conducting piece 5 ' is arranged between bipolar plates 2 ' and the first heat-conducting piece 4 ', and unipolar plate 3 ' and the first heat-conducting piece
Between 4 ', i.e. it is arranged at the both sides of bipolar plates/unipolar plate along the direction (X-direction in such as Fig. 4) in power generation operation face 11 ', and
It is in contact with the first heat-conducting piece by insulating part 8 ', for by the heat transfer that the first heat-conducting piece passes over to the 3rd heat conduction
Part.Second heat-conducting piece by hook be connected to bipolar plates/unipolar plate both sides, can be in contact with bipolar plates/unipolar plate or not with
Bipolar plates/unipolar plate is in contact (in the present embodiment, the second heat-conducting piece is in contact with bipolar plates/unipolar plate), its can with it is bipolar
The thickness of plate/unipolar plate is identical, in order to which all parts stack in pile.Second heat-conducting piece present position is away from membrane electrode assembly
The power generation operation face of part, can effectively avoid the corrosion of acidic materials, reduce the requirement for anticorrosion of material, save anti-corrosion work
The expense of skill.Second heat-conducting piece is made of copper, and thermal conductivity 377W/mK, is conducive to heat transfer, its is commercially available cheap,
Processing technology is simple, beneficial to control cost.
At this time, since the first heat-conducting piece is copper sheet, the second heat-conducting piece is made of copper, the first heat-conducting piece and the second heat-conducting piece it
Between be additionally provided with insulating part 8 ', to avoid short circuit phenomenon.As shown in figure 4, insulating part can be attached to the first heat-conducting piece in the form of sheets
The position being in contact with the second heat-conducting piece (that is, positioned at the both sides of pile, is attached on the first heat-conducting piece, to avoid the first heat conduction
Part directly contacts generation short circuit with the second heat-conducting piece), insulating part is made of fire resistant polymer polymer polyimide PI, is
The film of thickness 0.15mm.
3rd heat-conducting piece 6 ' is arranged between adjacent membrane electrode assembly 1 ' and bipolar plates 2 ', and adjacent membrane electrode assembly
Between part 1 ' and unipolar plate 3 ', it is located at the both sides up and down of membrane electrode assembly, connects with the power generation operation face 11 ' of membrane electrode assembly
Touch, and be in contact with the second heat-conducting piece 5 '.3rd heat-conducting piece is clipped in film electricity by the stacked arrangement of membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates
The both sides up and down of pole component, are in close contact to conduct heat with the second heat-conducting piece, can contact between the first heat-conducting piece and also may be used
Not contact and (in the present embodiment, have gap between the 3rd heat-conducting piece and the first heat-conducting piece).It is electric with film on the 3rd heat-conducting piece
The corresponding part in flow field in the power generation operation face and bipolar plates of pole component is also provided with the perforation 61 ' of supplied gas entrance, should
Perforation, which should try one's best, to be uniformly distributed, and meets that gas is electrochemically reacted requirement into membrane electrode assembly surface.3rd heat-conducting piece is
Corrosion resistant high heat conduction graphite (400 0.94T of U.S. GRAF SS), its thermal conductivity is 400W/mK.Although the hardness of graphite
Than relatively low, but its thermal conductivity can be very high, so that the demand of membrane electrode assembly heat supply is embodied as with flying colors, also, graphite
Density is 1.5g/cm3, specific heat is 510J/Kg DEG C, its resistivity is again smaller than 1x10-6Ω m, better than U.S. Department of Energy requirement
1x10-4The standard of Ω m, therefore can be very good to undertake the task for membrane electrode assembly thermal conductivity.
In this way, heat is arrived from heat source by the first heat-conducting piece (and insulating part), the second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Up to membrane electrode assembly, between the first heat-conducting piece 4 ' and the second heat-conducting piece 5 ', between the second heat-conducting piece 5 ' and the 3rd heat-conducting piece 6 ',
Solid connection is all used to utilize conduction pattern transmission in a manner of being in close contact between three heat-conducting pieces 6 ' and membrane electrode assembly 1 '
Heat, heat transfer efficiency is high, and such fuel cell is simple and reliable, and of low cost, difficulty of processing is very low, is especially advantageous for advising greatly
Mould produces.
Heat source 7 ' is arranged on the lower section of the first heat-conducting piece, by the method for burning fuel fully to discharge heat, for example, adopting
Pure methanol is burnt to provide heat for fuel cell with ethanol combustor, and optionally, heat source can also provide heat otherwise
Amount.
To the fuel cell measurement temperature according to above-described embodiment.
Temperature measuring point is installed respectively on the 1st membrane electrode assembly and the 2nd membrane electrode assembly from top to down, such as Fig. 4 institutes
Show, the position of center line in the power generation operation face of every membrane electrode assembly installs 3 temperature measuring points respectively, apart from the film of heat source farther out
Temperature measuring point numbering on electrode assemblie (the 1st membrane electrode assembly) is a ', b ', c ', the membrane electrode assembly nearer apart from heat source (the
2 membrane electrode assemblies) on temperature measuring point numbering be d ', e ', f '.The data of collection in every 60 seconds, count the liter of every group of temperature measuring point
Warm situation, after more than 10 times experiments are carried out, using its average value as measurement result.Measured each temperature measuring point is from environment temperature
(20 DEG C) the temperature regime conclusions started at every 60 seconds are as shown in table 2.
Table 2
In the present embodiment, the operating temperature for the proton exchange membrane electrode component that fuel cell uses is 120 DEG C to 180 DEG C,
Preferable operating temperature is 160 DEG C, and membrane electrode assembly is easily damaged during more than 200 DEG C, and membrane electrode assembly is difficult to during less than 120 DEG C
Effectively power generation.In the prior art, the heating preheating of fuel cell usually requires 30~60 minutes, and it is uneven to heat up, pile
Overall generating capacity is poor.
According to table 1 as can be seen that the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention can reach effective work in 300 seconds from after beginning to warm up
Temperature, can greatly shorten the time of heating preheating compared with prior art.Meanwhile not only with the temperature on a piece of membrane electrode assembly
Degree gap is smaller, and the temperature spread in pile between the membrane electrode assembly of diverse location is also smaller.In the film electricity close to heat source
After pole component reaches preferred operating temperature range, it can also be quickly reached positioned at the temperature of middle part and the membrane electrode assembly on top excellent
Select operating temperature, ensure that close to heat source membrane electrode assembly will not temperature it is excessive, the membrane electrode assembly on middle part and top will not
Temperature is too low, embodies excellent temperature consistency, and sound assurance is provided to lift the generating capacity of pile.
It can be seen from the above that the fuel cell of the present embodiment reaches excellent system hot property with cheap manufacture cost, take
Obtained expected effect.
【Embodiment 3】
Fig. 7 is the exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of another embodiment according to the present invention, and Fig. 8 is the fuel in Fig. 7
The front view of battery, Fig. 9 are fuel cells along A "-A " sectional view of line.
As shown in fig. 7, the fuel cell of the present invention includes the pile for power generation, the heat for self-heat power in future conducts
Heat source to the heat-conductive assembly of pile and for providing heat.
Pile includes 1 membrane electrode assembly 1 " and 2 unipolar plates 3 " being respectively arranged at the top and bottom of pile, heat conduction group
Part includes 2 the first heat-conducting pieces 4 ", 4 the second heat-conducting pieces 5 " and 2 the 3rd heat-conducting pieces 6 ".First heat-conducting piece and the second heat-conducting piece
Between by conduction pattern transmit heat, between the second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece by conduction pattern transmit heat, the 3rd
Heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between heat-conducting piece and membrane electrode assembly, all parts transmit heat by conduction pattern each other
Amount.
Membrane electrode assembly 1 " is proton exchange membrane electrode component (for example, the Celtec-P- from the purchase of ADVEDT companies of the U.S.
1000MEA type proton exchange membrane electrodes component), as shown in fig. 7, it is hexahedron structure, power generation operation face (i.e. power generation operation face
11 ") it is arranged on two faces of its area maximum (i.e. upper and lower surface in Fig. 7), the area in power generation operation face is about
45cm2。
In the form of sheets, its surface opposite with membrane electrode assembly is provided with flow field, i.e., the monopole at the top of pile to unipolar plate
The lower surface of plate is provided with flow field 31 ", the upper surface of the unipolar plate of pile bottom is provided with flow field 31 ", flow field is in snake
Shape.Unipolar plate is made of polyphenylene thioether PPS, its thermal conductivity 2w/mk, corrosion-resistant 0.85 μ A/cm of rate2, hydrogen air penetrability 1.23- 6cm3/cm2S, 270 DEG C of heat distortion temperature, resistivity 3*10 under 1.82Mp pressure16Ω·m。
Unipolar plate and membrane electrode assembly in pile is according to a piece of unipolar plate 3 ", a piece of membrane electrode assembly 1 " and a piece of monopole
The order of plate 3 " is along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face (Y-direction in such as Fig. 7) stacked arrangement, the power generation work of membrane electrode assembly
The flow field for making face and unipolar plate corresponds.
As shown in fig. 7, the first heat-conducting piece 4 " is set along perpendicular to the direction in power generation operation face 11 " (Y-direction in such as Fig. 7)
In the both sides of pile, in long plate shape, rapidly and uniformly to transmit the heat of heat source generation.It is aluminium nitride ceramics, and thermal conductivity is
180W/m·K。
Second heat-conducting piece 5 " is arranged between unipolar plate 3 " and the first heat-conducting piece 4 ", positioned at the both sides of unipolar plate, i.e. its edge
The direction (X-direction in such as Fig. 7) in power generation operation face 11 " is arranged at the both sides of unipolar plate, and is in contact with the first heat-conducting piece, uses
In by the heat transfer that the first heat-conducting piece passes over to the 3rd heat-conducting piece.Second heat-conducting piece is connected to unipolar plate two by hook
Side, can be in contact with unipolar plate or not be in contact that (in the present embodiment, the second heat-conducting piece connects with unipolar plate with unipolar plate
Touch), it can be identical with the thickness of unipolar plate, in order to which all parts stack in pile.
In the present embodiment, the second heat-conducting piece can be made of aluminium nitride ceramics, and thermal conductivity 180W/mK, is conducive to heat
Amount is transmitted.At this time, since the second heat-conducting piece is non-conductive, it is therefore desirable to increase conductive component on the second heat-conducting piece, can hold
External circuit conducting function is carried on a shoulder pole, it undertakes the conductivity of the conductive component of conducting function and should be less than 1x10-4Ω m, meet U.S.'s energy
The requirement in source portion.In the present embodiment, using perforation, (such as the copper of implantable conductive part 51 " in perforation on the second heat-conducting piece 5 "
Nail) method the second heat-conducting piece is undertaken external circuit conducting function, can also use on the second heat-conducting piece not with first
The method of the region coating conducting metal of heat-conducting piece contact achieves the goal.Alternatively, the second heat-conducting piece also can directly by gold, silver,
The conducting metals such as copper, aluminium are made.
3rd heat-conducting piece 6 " is arranged between adjacent membrane electrode assembly 1 " and unipolar plate 3 ", i.e., it is located at membrane electrode assembly
Both sides up and down, be in contact with the power generation operation face 11 " of membrane electrode assembly, and be in contact with the second heat-conducting piece 5 ".3rd heat conduction
Part is clipped in the both sides up and down of membrane electrode assembly by the arrangement of membrane electrode assembly and unipolar plate, with the second heat-conducting piece be in close contact with
Heat is conducted, can be contacted between the first heat-conducting piece can not also contact that (in the present embodiment, the 3rd heat-conducting piece is led with first
There is gap between warmware).It is corresponding with the power generation operation face of membrane electrode assembly and the flow field of bipolar plates on the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Part is also provided with the perforation 61 " of supplied gas entrance, which should try one's best and be uniformly distributed, and meet that gas enters membrane electrode assembly
Surface is electrochemically reacted requirement.3rd heat-conducting piece is corrosion resistant high heat conduction graphite (400 0.94T of U.S. GRAFSS),
Its thermal conductivity is 400W/mK.Although the hardness of graphite, than relatively low, its thermal conductivity can be very high, so as to realize with flying colors
For the demand of membrane electrode assembly heat supply, also, the density of graphite is 1.5g/cm3, specific heat is 510J/Kg DEG C, its resistivity
Less than 1x10-6Ω m, better than the 1x10 of U.S. Department of Energy requirement-4The standard of Ω m, therefore can be very good to undertake as film electricity
The task of pole component thermal conductivity.
In the present embodiment, it is non-conductive since the first heat-conducting piece, the second heat-conducting piece are aluminium nitride ceramics, therefore the
Insulating part need not be set between one heat-conducting piece and the second heat-conducting piece.
In this way, heat reaches membrane electrode assembly from heat source by the first heat-conducting piece, the second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece
Part, between the first heat-conducting piece 4 " and the second heat-conducting piece 5 ", between the second heat-conducting piece 5 " and the 3rd heat-conducting piece 6 ", the 3rd heat-conducting piece 6 "
All use solid to be connected in a manner of being in close contact between membrane electrode assembly 1 ", heat, heat transfer are transmitted using conduction pattern
It is efficient, and such fuel cell is simple and reliable, and of low cost, difficulty of processing is very low, is especially advantageous for mass producing.
Heat source 7 " is arranged on the lower section of the first heat-conducting piece, by the method for burning fuel fully to discharge heat, for example, adopting
Pure methanol is burnt to provide heat for fuel cell with ethanol combustor, and optionally, heat source can also provide heat otherwise
Amount.
To the fuel cell measurement temperature according to above-described embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the position of center line in the power generation operation face of membrane electrode assembly installs 3 temperature measuring points, temperature measuring point is compiled
Number for a ", b ", c ".The data of collection in every 60 seconds, count the heating situation of every group of temperature measuring point, test for more than 10 times
Afterwards, using its average value as measurement result.Measured each temperature measuring point since environment temperature (20 DEG C) at every 60 seconds when temperature
Situation conclusion is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
In the present embodiment, the operating temperature for the proton exchange membrane electrode component that fuel cell uses is 120 DEG C to 180 DEG C,
Preferable operating temperature is 160 DEG C, and membrane electrode assembly is easily damaged during more than 200 DEG C, and membrane electrode assembly is difficult to during less than 120 DEG C
Effectively power generation.In the prior art, the heating preheating of fuel cell usually requires 30~60 minutes, and it is uneven to heat up, pile
Overall generating capacity is poor.
According to table 3 as can be seen that the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention can reach effectively from after beginning to warm up less than 300 seconds
Operating temperature, can greatly shorten the time of heating preheating compared with prior art.Meanwhile not only with a piece of membrane electrode assembly
Temperature spread it is smaller, the temperature spread in pile between the membrane electrode assembly of diverse location is also smaller.Close to heat source
After membrane electrode assembly reaches preferred operating temperature range, it can also be reached quickly positioned at the temperature of middle part and the membrane electrode assembly on top
To preferred operating temperature, ensure that close to heat source membrane electrode assembly will not temperature it is excessive, the membrane electrode assembly on middle part and top
Will not temperature it is too low, embody excellent temperature consistency, for lifted pile generating capacity provide sound assurance.
It can be seen from the above that the fuel cell of the present embodiment shows excellent system hot property, expected effect is achieved.
Certainly, fuel cell of the invention is also not necessarily limited to above-described embodiment, and those skilled in the art can be according to reality
Need to select the quantity of membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates, such as 20 membrane electrode assemblies, 18 bipolar plates and 2 unipolar plates, 30
Piece membrane electrode assembly, 28 bipolar plates and 2 unipolar plates etc., the quantity of heat-conducting piece can also make choice according to actual needs, example
Such as the first heat-conducting piece can surround 1,3,4 side of pile, and the second heat-conducting piece can be located at 1,3,4 ends of bipolar plates/unipolar plate, membrane electrode assembly
Part, bipolar plates/unipolar plate, heat-conductive assembly, heat source and/or insulating part are also not necessarily limited to the material in above-described embodiment, this area
Technical staff can make choice according to actual needs.
The fuel cell of the present invention shows excellent system hot property, achieves expected effect.The present invention solves
The pre-heating temperature elevation problem of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, enhances the generating capacity of fuel cell, reduces the manufacture of bipolar plates
A kind of cost, there is provided of simple structure and low cost, efficient fuel cell of high-performance.
The term and wording used in description of the invention is just to for example, be not intended to form restriction.Ability
Field technique personnel should be appreciated that on the premise of the basic principle of disclosed embodiment is not departed from, to the above embodiment
In each details can carry out various change.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is only determined by claim, in the claims,
Unless otherwise indicated, all terms should be understood by the broadest rational meaning.
Claims (23)
1. fuel cell, including：
Pile, the pile include at least a piece of membrane electrode assembly and at least one bipolar plates, wherein, every membrane electrode assembly
Upper and lower surface is both provided with power generation operation face, and at least a piece of membrane electrode assembly and at least one bipolar plates are set
It is set to along the direction stacked arrangement perpendicular to the power generation operation face；
Heat source, for providing heat；And
For conducting the heat from the heat source to the heat-conductive assembly of at least a piece of membrane electrode assembly, wherein, it is described
Heat-conductive assembly includes：
First heat-conducting piece, along at least side that the pile is arranged at perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face；
Second heat-conducting piece, is arranged between first heat-conducting piece and at least one bipolar plates, with first heat-conducting piece
Between heat transmitted by conduction pattern；
3rd heat-conducting piece, is arranged between the membrane electrode assembly of stacked arrangement and bipolar plates, the 3rd heat-conducting piece and described the
Transmitted and heat and be in contact with second heat-conducting piece by conduction pattern between two heat-conducting pieces, the 3rd heat-conducting piece with it is described
Heat is transmitted by conduction pattern between membrane electrode assembly and is in contact with the power generation operation face of the membrane electrode assembly.
2. fuel cell, including：
Pile, the pile include a piece of membrane electrode assembly and a pair of of unipolar plate, wherein, the upper surface of membrane electrode assembly and following table
Face is both provided with power generation operation face, and the pair of unipolar plate is described along being respectively arranged at perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face
Upside, the downside in power generation operation face；
Heat source, for providing heat, and
For conducting the heat from the heat source to the heat-conductive assembly of the membrane electrode assembly, wherein, the heat-conductive assembly
Including：
First heat-conducting piece, along at least side that the pile is arranged at perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face；
Second heat-conducting piece, is arranged between first heat-conducting piece and the unipolar plate, passes through between first heat-conducting piece
Conduction pattern transmits heat；
3rd heat-conducting piece, is arranged between membrane electrode assembly and unipolar plate, the 3rd heat-conducting piece and second heat-conducting piece it
Between transmitted and heat and be in contact with second heat-conducting piece by conduction pattern, the 3rd heat-conducting piece and the membrane electrode assembly
Between transmitted and heat and be in contact with the power generation operation face of the membrane electrode assembly by conduction pattern.
3. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the fuel cell further includes insulating part, the insulating part edge
It is arranged at perpendicular to the direction in the power generation operation face between first heat-conducting piece and second heat-conducting piece, described first leads
Warmware is in contact by the insulating part with second heat-conducting piece.
4. fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the insulating part in the form of sheets, be attached to first heat-conducting piece with
The position that second heat-conducting piece is in contact.
5. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the thermal conductivity of first heat-conducting piece is not less than 10W/mK,
The thermal conductivity of second heat-conducting piece and the 3rd heat-conducting piece is not less than 120W/mK.
6. fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein, first heat-conducting piece is by solid shell and is sealed in solid shell
Interior fluid working substance composition.
7. fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the solid shell is made of metal material or nonmetallic materials,
The fluid working substance is liquid or gas.
8. fuel cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the thermal conductivity of the metal material is more than 10W/mK；It is described non-
The thermal conductivity of metal material is more than 10W/mK.
9. fuel cell as claimed in claim 8, wherein, first heat-conducting piece is made of heat pipe, the heat conduction of the heat pipe
Rate is more than 400W/mK.
10. fuel cell as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the heat pipe is more than the non-phase transformation of 1000W/mK for thermal conductivity
Heat pipe.
11. fuel cell as claimed in claim 8, wherein, the metal material includes：Copper, iron, aluminium, nickel and titanium；It is described non-
Metal material includes：Aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide, carborundum and carbon.
12. fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein, first heat-conducting piece is by metal material or nonmetallic materials system
Into.
13. fuel cell as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the metal material includes：Gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminium, nickel and
Titanium；The nonmetallic materials include：Aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide, carborundum and carbon.
14. fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein, second heat-conducting piece is by metal material or nonmetallic materials system
Into.
15. fuel cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the metal material includes：Gold, silver, copper, aluminium；The non-gold
Belonging to material includes：Aluminium nitride ceramics, carbon.
16. fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the 3rd heat-conducting piece is made of conductive nonmetal material.
17. fuel cell as claimed in claim 16, wherein, the conductive nonmetal material includes：Carbon.
18. fuel cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the resistivity of the insulating part is more than 1x1010Ω·m。
19. fuel cell as claimed in claim 18, wherein, the insulating part is made of ceramics or plastics.
20. fuel cell as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the ceramics include：Aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide, the plastic bag
Include：Nylon PA, polyether-ether-ketone PEEK, polyimides PI, polyphenylene thioether PPS, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE and liquid crystal polymer LCP.
21. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the thermal conductivity of the bipolar plates is not more than 10W/mK, electricity
Resistance rate is more than 1 × 10-4Ω·m。
22. fuel cell as claimed in claim 21, wherein, the bipolar plates are made of ceramics or plastics.
23. fuel cell as claimed in claim 22, wherein, the plastics include：Nylon PA, polyether-ether-ketone PEEK, polyamides
Imines PI, polyphenylene thioether PPS, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE and liquid crystal polymer LCP.
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| CN201711405348.9A CN107994240B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711405348.9A CN107994240B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Fuel cell |
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| CN107994240B CN107994240B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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Cited By (1)
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| JP2023525317A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2023-06-15 | アドベント・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | Method and Apparatus for Thermal Conditioning of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stacks |
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| CN107994240B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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