CN107992693A - A kind of cylinder head reliable life evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of cylinder head reliable life evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107992693A CN107992693A CN201711295401.4A CN201711295401A CN107992693A CN 107992693 A CN107992693 A CN 107992693A CN 201711295401 A CN201711295401 A CN 201711295401A CN 107992693 A CN107992693 A CN 107992693A
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cylinder head reliable life evaluation method, first according to the purposes of engine and the mission profile of service condition selection engine, defines run time and working status parameter of the engine under different operating modes；In engine and the indenture level of cylinder head, the main failure mode of cylinder head is determined；Being determined property of cylinder head is analyzed, determines air cylinder head structure weak part；Dispersed analysis is carried out to cylinder head material performance, determines the ultimate strength distribution of cylinder head；Determine loaded condition and dispersiveness of the cylinder head under selected operating mode, stress distribution of the analysis cylinder head dangerous position under corresponding operating mode；Carry out the Analysis of structural reliability of cylinder head；Determine the Probability Characteristics of cylinder head fatigue life and meet the reliable life of Different Reliability requirement.Evaluation can be made to cylinder head reliable life in the reseach of engine stage, can preferably instruct the structure design and reasonable employment of cylinder head.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engine performance assessment technique field, more particularly, to a kind of cylinder head reliable life evaluation side
Method.
Background technology
Cylinder head is one of kernel component of engine, and as vehicular engine power density is lifted, its reliability is straight
Connect the reliability and service life for affecting whole engine.Existing vehicular engine cylinder head evaluation method, it is mainly logical
Finite element analysis and Fatigue Simulation analysis are crossed, is deterministic parsing.And actually the operation of vehicular engine is usually by a variety of
Operating mode forms, and the working status parameter of cylinder head is also constantly changing, and cylinder head geometry is complicated, and casting character dispersiveness is big
Etc. cause cylinder head failure mode exist dispersiveness.Therefore, it is reliable for cylinder head in vehicular engine development process
Property with the service life carry out scientific evaluation, can not only in time find present on air cylinder head structure insufficient, scientifically instruct cylinder head
Optimization design；And the influence of cylinder head probability nature and its dispersiveness to the cylinder head service life can be embodied, ground in engine
Stage processed makes quantitative analysis according to the operating condition of engine and the structural parameters of cylinder head to cylinder head reliable life.Really
The cylinder head reliable life for meeting different survival rate requirements is made, the reasonable employment of cylinder head is instructed, effectively ensures automobile-used
The use reliability of engine cylinder cap.
The content of the invention
In view of this, a kind of the characteristics of present invention is directed to vehicular engine cylinder head defects distribution, there is provided vehicle engine
Machine cylinder head reliable life evaluation method.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of cylinder head reliable life evaluation method, comprises the following steps：
A, engine mission profile is determined；
B, engine cylinder cap FMECA, FTA is analyzed, and determines main failure mode；
C, to cylinder head being determined property force analysis, air cylinder head structure weak part is determined；
D, dispersed analysis is carried out to cylinder head material performance, determines the ultimate strength distribution of cylinder head；
E, the working status parameter of cylinder head and the distribution of input load are determined with reference to engine mission profile；
F, analyzed by the stress response of cylinder head probability advantage, determine the stress distribution of dangerous position；
G, analyzed by the stress and strength Interference of cylinder head dangerous position, determine reliability；
H, cylinder head reliable life is determined.
Preferably, in step a, according to the purposes of engine and the mission profile of service condition selection engine, including
Production task section, test mission section, transport task section etc., define fortune of the engine in mission profile under different operating modes
Row time and working status parameter.
Preferably, in stepb, the about given layer of engine and cylinder head is determined first in the FMECA analyses of cylinder head
It is secondary, the failure probability and density of infection of different faults pattern are analyzed, FTA analyses are carried out to the dominant failure mode of cylinder head, are determined
The failure cause of cylinder head dominant failure mode.
Sorting-out in statistics is carried out to fault message existing for cylinder head under the indenture level of cylinder head, it is corresponding to carry out cylinder head
FMECA analysis, strengthen the identification to failure risk in cylinder head engineering development stage, take into full account cylinder head casting, design
Present on weak link, the analysis of causes, impact analysis are carried out to cylinder head failure risk, and according to risk control principle, sentenced
The higher fault mode of other density of infection rank, and by taking further control measure to reduce the harmfulness of fault mode.
Cylinder head FTA is analyzed：The highest fault mode of risk of selection carries out fault tree as top event from fault statistics
Analysis, further finds the reason for cylinder head fails, to find the weak link in design.Cylinder head failure tree analysis (FTA), it is main
To be analyzed in terms of four：Design, casting, assembling and use and maintenance.
A) failure caused by design：During engine research, development, design load-carrying construction, material selection, water cavity cooling are considered
Deng.
B) failure caused by casting：Stomata, pin hole are intensive as existing for cylinder-head port wall in casting；Cylinder cap casting
Burnt structure is locally lain in, there are more serious casting and heat treating fault etc. for material.
C) failure caused by assembling：As cylinder head nut screw-down torque is excessive or torque is uneven, cause local stress compared with
It is big etc..It should be carried out in strict accordance with assembling specification.
D) failure caused by using and repair：If engine is in the case of high loaded process or water shortage, impact cooling water, makes
The increase of cylinder head thermal stress is very big etc..It should be operated in strict accordance with using with maintenance instruction.
Preferably, in step c, the being determined property of force-bearing situation of cylinder head is analyzed using FInite Element, determines gas
The dangerous weak part of cylinder cover structure.By the deterministic parsing for carrying out structure finite element imitation for engine cylinder cap.
Under bolt pretightening and gaseous-pressure effect, and take into full account that the fuel injector installation for having considerable influence to failure site compresses
Power, applies calculation of boundary conditions according to engine actual conditions, sets material parameter, establish limited element calculation model, pass through meter
Calculate and determine cylinder head danger weak part.
Preferably, in step d, dissection Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out to selected cylinder head material performance, the statistics limit is strong
Degree and yield strength dispersancy data, analysis of material intensity distribution feature, and it is fitted cylinder head material at different temperatures anti-
Tensile strength S-N curves.In cylinder head dissects Mechanics Performance Testing, cylinder cap casting is dissected, it is different to obtain cylinder head
The material mechanical performance data of position, including the average of tensile strength and standard deviation, the average of yield strength and standard deviation.
Preferably, in step e, for the operating mode in selected engine mission profile, determine cylinder head in different operating modes
Input parameter during lower operation, and analyze its distribution situation.Sampled using the method for uniform experiment design to random input parameters,
Analyzed by the stress response of cylinder head probability advantage, determine the stress distribution in step f.
Corresponded to for the rotary speed parameter of different operating modes, in-cylinder combustion pressure and different operating modes in selected engine mission profile
Run time, one test period of engine change into cylinder head simulation calculation a loaded load circulate, determine gas
Cylinder cap corresponding working status parameter and the input parameter loaded under number and different operating modes in different loaded cycles are distributed.
Preferably, in step f, the input load changed with operating mode is carried out using the method for uniform experiment design random
Sampling, is analyzed by the stress response of cylinder head probability advantage, determines that the stress of cylinder head weak part changes song with operating mode
Line and distribution.
Preferably, in step g, it is distributed according to the stress of cylinder head dangerous position and intensive parameter, determines cylinder head
The probability distribution and reliability of reliability；According to the stress of cylinder head dangerous position and intensity distribution parameter, cylinder head knot is determined
Structure reliable probability is distributed and reliability.
Preferably, stress-strength interference theory formula is：
Failure probability：
Reliability：Fr=1-Ff
Wherein：S represents intensity function, and l represents stress function.
Preferably, in step h, according to the load-time history feature in cylinder head loaded cycle, with air cylinder head structure
Based on finite element simulation obtains multi-state stress result, life prediction analysis is carried out with reference to cylinder head material life curve, really
Surely the cylinder head reliability life expectancy of different survival rate requirements is met.With reference to operating loading and the test data of material parameter,
It under some survival rate is P-S-N curves to calculate, and by cumulative distribution function, calculates the reliability life expectancy of cylinder head.
Preferably, cumulative distribution function is：
In formula：The average of θ-service life logarithm, its statistic are usedRepresent,
The standard deviation of σ-service life logarithm, its statistic represent with S,
After calculating the average of service life logarithm, standard deviation, average life span MTTF can be calculated：
Relative to the prior art, a kind of cylinder head reliable life evaluation method of the present invention, has the advantage that：
The present invention determines engine mission profile according to engine service condition, to cylinder under the indenture level of cylinder head
Fault message existing for lid carries out sorting-out in statistics, carries out cylinder head FMECA and FTA analysis, with reference to air cylinder head structure intensity and resistance to
Long property simulation analysis provide the weak part of cylinder head intensity, determine the dominant failure mode of cylinder head, establish air cylinder head structure
Reliability evaluation model, quantitative assessment is carried out to cylinder head reliable life.Determine the cylinder for meeting different survival rate requirements
Lid reliable life, instructs the reasonable employment of cylinder head, effectively ensures the use reliability of vehicular engine cylinder head.
Determine the Probability Characteristics of cylinder head fatigue life and meet the reliable life of Different Reliability requirement.Energy
It is enough that evaluation is made to cylinder head reliable life in the reseach of engine stage, can preferably instruct cylinder head structure design and
Reasonable employment.
Brief description of the drawings
The attached drawing for forming the part of the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is cylinder head reliable life evaluation method flow；
Fig. 2 is the indenture level of engine；
Fig. 3 is cylinder head product function level and layer of structure correspondence figure；
Fig. 4 is cylinder head cracking fault tree；
Fig. 5 is heat engine load effect lower cylinder lid weak location schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is cylinder head dissection sample position schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the loading number statistics of one circulation of cylinder head.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where there is no conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
A kind of vehicular engine cylinder head reliable life evaluation method, comprises the following steps：
A, according to the purposes of engine and actual use situation, determine the mission profile of engine, define engine not
With run time under operating mode and state parameter.
For example, certain engine is manufacturing experimently conceptual phase using durability bench test as a mission profile：Rack durability
One circulation time of certification test is 10h, and 100% calibration that the operating mode that wherein cylinder head life prediction emphasis considers is 1h turns
Four typical cases such as the speed at maximum torque of speed, 85%~90% rated engine speed of 7h, 80% rated engine speed of 100min and 20min
Operating mode.
B, determine cylinder head indenture level, analyzed according to cylinder head FMECA, FTA and determine dominant failure mode.
Determine engine indenture level (Fig. 2), cylinder head product function level and layer of structure correspondence (Fig. 3), lead to
Cross FMECA and think that cylinder head cracking is dominant failure mode, the FTA of analysis cylinder head cracking is as shown in Figure 4.
C, FInite Element analyzes cylinder head, determines the dangerous weak part of air cylinder head structure.
Carry out the deterministic parsing of structure finite element imitation for engine cylinder cap.In bolt pretightening and gaseous-pressure
Under effect, and the fuel injector installation thrust for having considerable influence to failure site is taken into full account, according to engine actual conditions
Apply calculation of boundary conditions, material parameter is set, establishes limited element calculation model.Cylinder head danger weak point is determined by calculation
Position.
For example, certain engine cylinder cap heat engine load (bolt pretightening, interference power and simulated combustion pressure) effect under,
The larger position of stress is mainly distributed positioned at the exhaust duct bridge of the nose, at the top of upper water cavity, middle partition plate (at the top of upper water cavity bottom and lower water cavity),
The positions such as lower water cavity bottom, as shown in Figure 5.
D, dissection Resarch on A New Type material mechanical performance is carried out to cylinder head, counts ultimate strength and yield strength
Dispersancy data, and analytic intensity distribution characteristics, and it is fitted the tensile strength S-N curves of cylinder head material at different temperatures.
Such as：Certain cylinder cap casting is dissected, is sampled respectively in 3 regions, dissects two or more cylinder head
Blank, sample position is as shown in fig. 6, be described as follows：
Region I：At top plate, 24 are sampled altogether, size of sample is 18mm × 18mm × 100mm；
Region II：At wall, 14 are sampled altogether, size of sample is 18mm × 18mm × 90mm；
Region III：Positioned at bottom plate, 48 are sampled altogether, size of sample is 18mm × 18mm × 80mm；
Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out to dissection part, counts tensile strength and yield strength average and standard deviation.Tested cylinder
Cover the P-S-N curves under the aluminum alloy materials different temperatures used.
E, by the run time and working status of different operating modes in engine mission profile, the different loadings of cylinder head are converted into
Loading number in circulation, determines input parameter when cylinder head is run under different operating modes and distribution, including cylinder bolt is pre-
Clamp force, gas blow-through pressure and oil sprayer bushing installation clamping torque etc..
For example, with reference to Engine Durability certification test section, it is tired cylinder head is changed into per 10h durability certification tests
The loaded load circulation that labor assessment calculates.According to rotating speed and test period conversion loading number, wherein in 10h test periods
The explosion pressure of middle 11.8MPa acts on 66k times, explosion pressure effect 415.8k times, the explosion pressure of 12.6MPa of 12.4MPa
Effect 88k time, the explosion pressure of 12.7MPa effect 15k times, as shown in Figure 7.
3 cylinders of calculating are needed to have 12 high-strength bolts and 8 suture spiral shells the structure simulation of Mr. Yu's engine cylinder cap
Bolt, the sorting-out in statistics being distributed by the measured value to design parameter and design tolerance, it is assumed that and simplify processing and think that each parameter is equal
The stochastic variable of transversal normal distribution is obeyed, obtains 21 under a certain operating mode including the pretightning force of combustion pressure and each bolt
The average and standard deviation of a parameter be：
A) the combustion pressure P of cylinder head fire power face is acted on：Fluctuation range P ± 0.85MPa, average 12.8MPa, standard deviation
0.0667MPa；
B) cylinder head bolt pretightning force：High-strength bolt pretightning force Fy, fluctuation range Fy ± 4.2kN, average 107.2kN, mark
Quasi- difference 3.88kN；Suture bolt pretightening Ff, fluctuation range Ff ± 0.65kN, average 49kN, standard deviation 1.33kN；
C) fuel injector installation pretightening force T：Fluctuation range T ± 0.13kN, average 16kN, standard deviation 0.8kN.
F, sampled using the method for uniform experiment design to random parameter, pass through the stress response of cylinder head probability advantage
Analysis, determines the stress distribution of dangerous position.
Such as：Certain engine samples random parameter using the uniform experiment design method of good grid point method：
1) in given experiment number n, the positive integer h smaller than n is found, and makes the greatest common divisor of n and h be 1, composition of vector
H=(h1,h2,...,hm), wherein m is Euler's function
2) jth of uniform designs table is classified as：uij=ihj[modn], wherein [mod n] represents congruence, if ihjExceed
N, subtracts a suitable multiple of n with it, difference is fallen among [1, n].uijIt can be generated with recursion：
u1j=hj
Homogenization Treatments are carried out to 21 parameters such as pretightning force of the combustion pressure of each operating mode and each bolt by this method,
And substituted into as input value in limited element calculation model, using between BP neural network model construction random parameter and structural response
Approximate non-linear relation, mathematical model is：
The stress response that cylinder head is carried out using 21 stochastic variables is calculated, and each operating mode can obtain 50 groups of cylinder head stress
Response computation as a result, therefrom extract cylinder head dangerous position stress value, determine its stress distribution.
G, by the stress of cylinder head dangerous position and the interference analysis of intensity, reliability is determined：
Stress-strength interference theory formula is：
Failure probability：
Reliability：Fr=1-Ff
Wherein：S represents intensity function, and l represents stress function.
It is random with the material of analytic method, approximate model method or sampling generation stochastic model needs, load, boundary condition etc.
The sample value of variable, obtains each stochastic variable (material property, load character etc.) by the method for non-linear interpolation and is combined at it
The reliability numerical value of structure dynamic response under form.
H. combine cylinder head duty parameter and dissect the test data of exemplar cyclic deformation experiment, obtain stress concentration
The Cyclic Stress characteristic of point, selects survival rate P, is fitted dangerous position P-S-N curve of the cylinder head when stress ratio r=-1 is,
Expression formula is：
Use Goodman methods correct mean stress not for 0 P-S-N curves, formula is：
(Sa/SA (R=-1))+(Sm/Su)=1
By mean stress amendment, according to S-N curves, you can try to achieve the fatigue life N of cylinder headf。
The reliability of cylinder head it is expected that the N service lifes can be estimated by integral distribution curve.First have to carry out service life distributional assumption,
Since mechanical component lifetime generally obeys logarithm normal distribution, the logarithm lnt=Y in service life obeys N (θ, σ2) normal state
Distribution, then service life t meets with logarithmic average θ and variances sigma2Normal distribution, cumulative distribution function is：
In formula：The average of θ-service life logarithm, its statistic are usedRepresent,
The standard deviation of σ-service life logarithm, its statistic represent with S,
After calculating the average of service life logarithm, standard deviation, average life span MTTF can be calculated：
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：A, engine mission profile is determined；B, engine cylinder cap FMECA, FTA is analyzed, and determines main failure mode；C, to cylinder head being determined property force analysis, air cylinder head structure weak part is determined；D, dispersed analysis is carried out to cylinder head material performance, determines the ultimate strength distribution of cylinder head；E, the working status parameter of cylinder head and the distribution of input load are determined with reference to engine mission profile；F, analyzed by the stress response of cylinder head probability advantage, determine the stress distribution of dangerous position；G, analyzed by the stress and strength Interference of cylinder head dangerous position, determine reliability；H, cylinder head reliable life is determined.
- 2. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step a, according to hair The mission profile of purposes and service condition the selection engine of motivation, defines fortune of the engine in mission profile under different operating modes Row time and working status；Preferably, mission profile includes production task section, test mission section, transport task section.
- 3. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In stepb, in cylinder The indenture level of engine and cylinder head is determined in the FMECA analyses of lid first, analyze different faults pattern failure probability and Density of infection, carries out FTA analyses to the dominant failure mode of cylinder head, determines the failure cause of cylinder head dominant failure mode；It is excellent Choosing, cylinder head FTA analyses, using failure tree analysis (FTA), including design, cast, assembling and use and maintenance.
- 4. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step c, using having The first method of limit analyzes the being determined property of force-bearing situation of cylinder head, determines the dangerous weak part of air cylinder head structure.
- 5. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step d, to selected Cylinder head material performance carries out dissection Mechanics Performance Testing, counts ultimate strength and yield strength dispersancy data, analysis of material Intensity distribution feature, and it is fitted the tensile strength S-N curves of cylinder head material at different temperatures.
- 6. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step e, for institute The operating mode in motivation mission profile is published, determines input parameter when cylinder head is run under different operating modes, and analyze its distribution Situation.Sampled using the method for uniform experiment design to random input parameters, pass through the stress response of cylinder head probability advantage Analysis, determines the stress distribution in step f.
- 7. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step f, using equal The method of even experimental design carries out random sampling to the input load changed with operating mode, passes through the stress of cylinder head probability advantage Response analysis, determines the stress of cylinder head weak part with operating mode change curve and distribution.
- 8. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step g, according to gas Stress and the intensive parameter distribution of cylinder cap dangerous position, determine the probability distribution and reliability of cylinder head reliability；Preferably, Stress-strength interference theory formula is：Failure probability：Reliability：Fr=1-FfWherein：S represents intensity function, and l represents stress function.
- 9. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step h, with reference to work The test data of working condition loading and material parameter, it is P-S-N curves to calculate under some survival rate, passes through cumulative distribution function, meter Calculate the reliability life expectancy of cylinder head.
- 10. cylinder head reliable life evaluation method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Cumulative distribution function is：<mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </mfrac> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>t</mi> </msubsup> <mi>exp</mi> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&theta;</mi> </mrow> <mi>&sigma;</mi> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow>In formula：The average of θ-service life logarithm, its statistic are usedRepresent,The standard deviation of σ-service life logarithm, its statistic represent with S,After calculating the average of service life logarithm, standard deviation, average life span MTTF can be calculated：<mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msup> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow>
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