CN107992638B - Method and device for establishing engine crankcase structure model - Google Patents
Method and device for establishing engine crankcase structure model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for establishing an engine crankcase structure model, wherein the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model comprises the following steps: establishing a finite element model, reducing parts of the engine, and obtaining a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file of the parts; establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine, and carrying out simulation calculation by utilizing a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file; when the result of the simulation calculation meets a first preset condition, extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis, and generating a load excitation file; determining an optimal design space of a crankcase; and setting a topological optimization element according to the load excitation file, carrying out topological optimization on the design space of the crankcase, extracting a topological optimization result when the topological optimization result meets a second preset condition, and carrying out design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase. The embodiment of the invention can shorten the development period of the engine crankcase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part design, in particular to a method and a device for establishing an engine crankcase structure model.
Background
The engine crankcase is a relatively complex key component in the engine, the Vibration of the engine directly affects the Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH, Noise, Vibration) performance of the engine, and a designer with abundant experience is difficult to ensure that a low-Vibration crankcase structure is designed at one time, often needs multiple structural modification and analysis verification, resulting in long development period and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a method and a device for establishing a structural model of an engine crankcase, which are used for shortening the development period of the engine crankcase.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing an engine crankcase structure model, including:
establishing a finite element model, and reducing parts of an engine according to the finite element model to obtain a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file of the parts;
establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine, and performing simulation calculation by using the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file;
when the simulation calculation result meets a first preset condition, extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis, and generating a load excitation file;
determining an optimal design space of a crankcase;
setting a topological optimization element according to the load excitation file, and carrying out topological optimization on the design space of the crankcase;
and when the result of the topological optimization meets a second preset condition, extracting the result of the topological optimization, and performing design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase.
Further, when the result of the simulation calculation does not meet a first preset condition, the whole engine dynamics analysis model, the stiffness matrix file and the quality matrix file are checked, the whole engine dynamics analysis model of the engine is built again, and the stiffness matrix file and the quality matrix file are used for simulation calculation.
Further according to the formula
Min{f(x)}→min{Mass(x)}
S.t：
Vk(x)<A；k＝1，2，…，m；
B<Cj(x)<C；j＝1，2，…，n；
Performing topology optimization, wherein X represents design variable, Mass (X) represents weight of crankcase, and Vk(x) Representing the vibration speed of the response point, A representing the vibration speed limit, Cj(x) Denotes the material size, B denotes the upper limit of the size, C denotes the lower limit of the size, and k and j are positive integers.
Further, when the result of the topology optimization does not meet a second preset condition, adjusting the elements of the topology optimization, and repeating the steps of setting the elements of the topology optimization according to the load excitation file and performing the topology optimization on the crankcase design space.
Further, the parts of the engine include: the timing cover comprises a cylinder cover, a crankcase, a timing cover, an oil pan, an accessory bracket and a suspension bracket.
Further, the load excitation includes: the hydraulic tappet device comprises a crankshaft bearing force, a piston lateral knocking force, a camshaft bearing force at an air inlet side and an air exhaust side, a hydraulic tappet force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side, a valve spring force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side, a valve seating force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side and an explosion pressure in a cylinder.
Further, the crankcase design space includes: an outer side of a first end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a second end surface of the crankcase opposite to the first end surface, an outer side of a third end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a fourth end surface of the crankcase opposite to the third end surface, an outer side of a sealing tape of a fifth end surface of the crankcase, and an outer side of a sealing tape of a sixth end of the crankcase opposite to the fifth end surface.
Further, the elements of topology optimization include: the surface vibration speed of the thin-walled part of the crankcase, the weight of the crankcase and the optimally designed material size.
Further, the topology optimizing the crankcase design space further includes:
the crankcase vibration transfer path is changed by the structure-borne sound transfer function.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, which comprises the following components:
the first modeling module is used for establishing a finite element model, reducing parts of the engine according to the finite element model and obtaining a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file of the parts;
the second modeling module is used for establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine and carrying out simulation calculation by utilizing the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file;
the first processing module is used for extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis when the result of the simulation calculation meets a first preset condition, and generating a load excitation file;
a determination module for determining a crankcase optimization design space;
the optimization module is used for setting elements of topology optimization according to the load excitation file and carrying out topology optimization on the design space of the crankcase;
and the second processing module is used for extracting the topological optimization result when the topological optimization result meets a second preset condition, and carrying out design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for establishing the engine crankcase structure model provided by the embodiment of the invention at least have the following beneficial effects: the method and the device for establishing the engine crankcase structure model combine the vibration theory and the optimization theory, utilize virtual simulation calculation before trial production of the sample, indicate ideas for crankcase design, reduce test cost, shorten development period and greatly improve engine development efficiency. Meanwhile, according to the method and the device for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, the vibration conditions of all parts of the engine are evaluated by establishing the engine whole machine vibration analysis model, the NVH performance of the engine is predicted, the structure-borne noise transfer function is reduced, the structure vibration transfer path is changed, and the surface vibration of the crankcase is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of modeling an engine crankcase structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine crankcase structural model building device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to help the full understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for building a model of an engine crankcase structure, including:
102, establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine, and performing simulation calculation by using the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file;
103, when the result of the simulation calculation meets a first preset condition, extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis, and generating a load excitation file;
105, setting a topological optimization element according to the load excitation file, and carrying out topological optimization on the crankcase design space;
and 106, when the topological optimization result meets a second preset condition, extracting the topological optimization result, and performing design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase.
In the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, the first preset condition is that the simulation calculation result needs to be in a concerned frequency domain range, so that the surface vibration speed curve result of the thin-wall part is calibrated with the test result of a similar machine type or a development prototype, and the simulation calculation and the test curve trend are consistent. The second preset condition is that the optimization constraint limit is met. In the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, the topological optimization elements comprise the following steps: optimization goals (minimum crankcase weight), optimization constraints (surface vibration speed of thin-wall parts is lower than design requirement limit). In the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model according to the embodiment of the invention, the finite element model is established, and the parts of the initially developed engine are reduced according to the finite element model to obtain the rigidity matrix file and the mass matrix file of the parts; and establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the primarily developed engine, performing preliminary processing design on the primarily developed engine in simulation calculation by using the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file, extracting a topological optimization result when the topological optimization result meets a second preset condition, performing design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase, obtaining a structural model of the crankcase, and performing design modeling on the material arrangement form of the crankcase after the second preset condition is met, wherein the detailed design modeling is performed on the material arrangement form of the crankcase. In the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, step 101 is to establish a finite element model (grid size is properly adjusted according to solver configuration) for the whole engine, and the response points of load extraction and optimization constraint required by optimization analysis are set as reduction points by combining the actual constraint boundary of the whole engine, so as to obtain a stiffness matrix and a mass matrix file of each part. And 102, building a complete machine dynamics analysis model under dynamics analysis software according to the actual boundary of the engine, importing a reduced matrix file, and performing simulation calculation on test conditions.
According to the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, a set of design flow method of the engine crankcase structure form is completely established by carrying out virtual product design and simulation calculation, the defect of long development period of the engine crankcase in the prior art is effectively overcome, the development period is shortened, and the test cost is reduced.
Further, the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model of the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps: and when the result of the simulation calculation does not meet a first preset condition, checking the complete machine dynamics analysis model, the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file, re-establishing the complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine, and performing the simulation calculation by using the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file.
Further according to the formula
Min{f(x)}→min{Mass(x)}
S.t：
Vk(x)<A；k＝1，2，…，m；
B<Cj(x)<C；j＝1，2，…，n；
Performing topology optimization, wherein X represents design variable, Mass (X) represents weight of crankcase, and Vk(x) Representing the vibration speed of the response point, A representing the vibration speed limit, Cj(x) Denotes the material size, B denotes the upper limit of the size, C denotes the lower limit of the size, and k and j are positive integers.
It should be noted that the above description is only one preferred embodiment provided for the present invention for topology optimization.
Further, the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model of the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps: and when the result of the topological optimization does not meet a second preset condition, adjusting the elements of the topological optimization, setting the elements of the topological optimization according to the load excitation file again, and carrying out the step of carrying out the topological optimization on the design space of the crankcase.
Further, the parts of the engine include: the timing cover comprises a cylinder cover, a crankcase, a timing cover, an oil pan, an accessory bracket and a suspension bracket.
Further, the load excitation includes: the hydraulic tappet device comprises a crankshaft bearing force, a piston lateral knocking force, a camshaft bearing force at an air inlet side and an air exhaust side, a hydraulic tappet force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side, a valve spring force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side, a valve seating force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side and an explosion pressure in a cylinder.
Further, the crankcase design space includes: an outer side of a first end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a second end surface of the crankcase opposite to the first end surface, an outer side of a third end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a fourth end surface of the crankcase opposite to the third end surface, an outer side of a sealing tape of a fifth end surface of the crankcase, and an outer side of a sealing tape of a sixth end of the crankcase opposite to the fifth end surface.
In the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the deformation of the cylinder hole is mainly related to the engagement depth of the cylinder head bolts, the arrangement of the bolts and the form of the water jacket, so that the influence of the optimization of the external structure of the crankcase on the deformation of the cylinder hole is small. And determining the optimal design space of the crankcase according to the main design characteristics of the crankcase and the engine arrangement requirement. The positions of a water jacket, a cylinder hole, a crank connecting rod enveloping area, an oil duct, a vent hole, a bolt hole and an external accessory mounting boss in the crankcase are not changed, the basic shape of the flange seal is not changed, and the wall thickness of the crankcase and the thickness of the flange are set according to the process requirements of structural design and are not optimized. The areas to be optimized are the outer sides of the left and right sides of the crankcase, the outer sides of the front and rear ends of the crankcase, and the areas outside the sealing belts of the upper and lower top surfaces of the crankcase. By eliminating the parts which do not need to be optimally designed and carrying out effective optimal design aiming at the special parts, the workload of design can be effectively reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the development period is shortened.
Further, the elements of topology optimization include: the surface vibration speed of the thin-walled part of the crankcase, the weight of the crankcase and the optimally designed material size.
In the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, load excitation obtained by dynamic analysis is applied, and elements of topology optimization are set to restrict the surface vibration speed of thin-wall parts and the weight of the crankcase, which are easy to radiate noise outwards, of the engine. Meanwhile, the size, the drawing direction and the drawing angle of the material in the optimized area are limited by combining the machining and manufacturing process, and the design space of the crankcase is topologically optimized. According to the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the vibration condition of each part of the engine is evaluated by building the whole engine vibration analysis model, the NVH performance of the engine is predicted, the low-vibration structure model of the crankcase can be obtained through secondary design of an optimization result, and the NVH performance is improved.
Further, the topology optimizing the crankcase design space further includes: the crankcase vibration transfer path is changed by the structure-borne sound transfer function.
According to the method for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, the structural structure-borne sound transfer function is reduced, the structural vibration transfer path is changed, and the purpose of reducing the crankcase surface vibration is achieved.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for building a model of an engine crankcase structure, including:
the first modeling module 1 is used for establishing a finite element model, reducing parts of an engine according to the finite element model and obtaining a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file of the parts;
the second modeling module 2 is used for establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine and carrying out simulation calculation by utilizing the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file;
the first processing module 3 is used for extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis when the result of the simulation calculation meets a first preset condition, and generating a load excitation file;
a determination module 4 for determining a crankcase optimization design space;
the optimization module 5 is used for setting a topological optimization element according to the load excitation file and carrying out topological optimization on the crankcase design space;
and the second processing module 6 is used for extracting the result of the topological optimization when the result of the topological optimization meets a second preset condition, and performing design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase.
Further, the device further comprises a third processing module, wherein the third processing module is used for checking the complete machine dynamics analysis model, the stiffness matrix file and the quality matrix file when the result of the simulation calculation does not meet a first preset condition, reestablishing the complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine, and performing the simulation calculation by using the stiffness matrix file and the quality matrix file.
Further, the optimization module 5 is configured to set a topology optimization factor according to the load excitation file, and in performing topology optimization on the crankcase design space, the optimization module 5 performs topology optimization according to a formula
Min{f(x)}→min{Mass(x)}
S.t：
Vk(x)<A；k＝1，2，…，m；
B<Cj(x)<C；j＝1，2，…，n；
Performing topology optimization, wherein X represents design variable, Mass (X) represents weight of crankcase, and Vk(x) Representing the vibration speed of the response point, A representing the vibration speed limit, Cj(x) Denotes the material size, B denotes the upper limit of the size, C denotes the lower limit of the size, and k and j are positive integers.
Further, the device further includes a fourth processing module, configured to, when a result of the topology optimization does not satisfy a second preset condition, adjust the element of the topology optimization, and perform the step of setting the element of the topology optimization according to the load excitation file and performing the topology optimization on the crankcase design space again.
Further, the first modeling module 1 is configured to establish a finite element model, and reduce a part of an engine according to the finite element model to obtain a stiffness matrix file and a mass matrix file of the part, where the part of the engine includes: the timing cover comprises a cylinder cover, a crankcase, a timing cover, an oil pan, an accessory bracket and a suspension bracket.
Further, the first processing module 3 is configured to, when the result of the simulation calculation satisfies a first preset condition, extract a load excitation required by the crankcase optimization analysis, and generate a load excitation file, where the load excitation file includes: the hydraulic tappet device comprises a crankshaft bearing force, a piston lateral knocking force, a camshaft bearing force at an air inlet side and an air exhaust side, a hydraulic tappet force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side, a valve spring force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side, a valve seating force at the air inlet side and the air exhaust side and an explosion pressure in a cylinder.
Further, the optimization module 5 is configured to set a topology optimization factor according to the load excitation file, and perform topology optimization on the crankcase design space, where the crankcase design space includes: an outer side of a first end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a second end surface of the crankcase opposite to the first end surface, an outer side of a third end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a fourth end surface of the crankcase opposite to the third end surface, an outer side of a sealing tape of a fifth end surface of the crankcase, and an outer side of a sealing tape of a sixth end of the crankcase opposite to the fifth end surface.
Further, the optimization module 5 is configured to set a topology optimization element according to the load excitation file, and in performing topology optimization on the crankcase design space, the topology optimization element includes: the surface vibration speed of the thin-walled part of the crankcase, the weight of the crankcase and the optimally designed material size.
Further, the optimization module 5 is configured to set a topology optimization factor according to the load excitation file, and perform topology optimization on the crankcase design space, where the optimization module 5 includes a fifth processing module, and the fifth processing module is configured to change a crankcase vibration transfer path through a structure-borne noise transfer function.
In summary, the method and the device for establishing the engine crankcase structure model provided by the embodiment of the invention combine the vibration theory and the optimization theory, and use the virtual simulation calculation before the trial production of the sample, so as to indicate the thought for the crankcase design, reduce the test cost, shorten the development period and greatly improve the engine development efficiency. Meanwhile, according to the method and the device for establishing the engine crankcase structure model, the vibration conditions of all parts of the engine are evaluated by establishing the engine whole machine vibration analysis model, the NVH performance of the engine is predicted, the structure-borne noise transfer function is reduced, the structure vibration transfer path is changed, and the surface vibration of the crankcase is reduced.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for establishing an engine crankcase structure model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a finite element model, and reducing parts of an engine according to the finite element model to obtain a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file of the parts;
establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine, and performing simulation calculation by using the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file;
when the simulation calculation result meets a first preset condition, extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis, and generating a load excitation file;
determining an optimal design space of a crankcase;
setting a topological optimization element according to the load excitation file, and carrying out topological optimization on the design space of the crankcase;
when the result of the topological optimization meets a second preset condition, extracting the result of the topological optimization, and carrying out design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase;
wherein the load excitation comprises: crankshaft bearing force, piston lateral knocking force, intake side and exhaust side camshaft bearing force, hydraulic tappet force of the intake side and the exhaust side, valve spring force of the intake side and the exhaust side, valve seating force of the intake side and the exhaust side and cylinder implosion pressure;
wherein according to the formula
Min{f(x)}→min{Mass(x)}
S.t：
Vk(x)<A；k＝1，2，…，m；
B<Cj(x)<C；j＝1，2，…，n；
Performing topology optimization, wherein X represents design variable, Mass (X) represents weight of crankcase, and Vk(x) Representing the vibration speed of the response point, A representing the vibration speed limit, Cj(x) Denotes a material size, C denotes a size upper limit value, B denotes a size lower limit value, and k and j are positive integers.
2. The method for building the engine crankcase structure model according to claim 1, wherein when the result of the simulation calculation does not satisfy a first preset condition, the complete machine dynamics analysis model, the stiffness matrix file and the quality matrix file are checked, the complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine is built again, and the step of simulation calculation is performed by using the stiffness matrix file and the quality matrix file.
3. The method for building an engine crankcase structure model according to claim 1, wherein when the result of topology optimization does not satisfy a second preset condition, the step of adjusting the elements of topology optimization, setting the elements of topology optimization according to the load excitation file, and performing topology optimization on the crankcase design space is performed again.
4. The method of modeling an engine crankcase structure according to claim 1, wherein the engine parts include: the timing cover comprises a cylinder cover, a crankcase, a timing cover, an oil pan, an accessory bracket and a suspension bracket.
5. The method of building an engine crankcase structure model according to claim 1, wherein the crankcase design space includes: an outer side of a first end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a second end surface of the crankcase opposite to the first end surface, an outer side of a third end surface of the crankcase, an outer side of a fourth end surface of the crankcase opposite to the third end surface, an outer side of a sealing tape of a fifth end surface of the crankcase, and an outer side of a sealing tape of a sixth end of the crankcase opposite to the fifth end surface.
6. The method of building an engine crankcase structure model according to claim 1, wherein the elements of topology optimization include: the surface vibration speed of the thin-walled part of the crankcase, the weight of the crankcase and the optimally designed material size.
7. The method of building an engine crankcase structural model according to claim 1, wherein the topologically optimizing the crankcase design space further comprises:
the crankcase vibration transfer path is changed by the structure-borne sound transfer function.
8. An engine crankcase structure model building device is characterized by comprising:
the first modeling module is used for establishing a finite element model, reducing parts of the engine according to the finite element model and obtaining a rigidity matrix file and a quality matrix file of the parts;
the second modeling module is used for establishing a complete machine dynamics analysis model of the engine and carrying out simulation calculation by utilizing the rigidity matrix file and the quality matrix file;
the first processing module is used for extracting load excitation required by crankcase optimization analysis when the result of the simulation calculation meets a first preset condition, and generating a load excitation file;
a determination module for determining a crankcase optimization design space;
the optimization module is used for setting elements of topology optimization according to the load excitation file and carrying out topology optimization on the design space of the crankcase;
the second processing module is used for extracting the topological optimization result when the topological optimization result meets a second preset condition, and carrying out design modeling according to the material arrangement form of the crankcase to obtain a structural model of the crankcase;
the load excitation includes: crankshaft bearing force, piston lateral knocking force, intake side and exhaust side camshaft bearing force, hydraulic tappet force of the intake side and the exhaust side, valve spring force of the intake side and the exhaust side, valve seating force of the intake side and the exhaust side and cylinder implosion pressure;
wherein according to the formula
Min{f(x)}→min{Mass(x)}
S.t：
Vk(x)<A；k＝1，2，…，m；
B<Cj(x)<C；j＝1，2，…，n；
Performing topology optimization, wherein X represents design variable, Mass (X) represents weight of crankcase, and Vk(x) Representing the vibration speed of the response point, A representing the vibration speed limit, Cj(x) Denotes a material size, C denotes a size upper limit value, B denotes a size lower limit value, and k and j are positive integers.
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