CN107991197B - Shearing box structure and normal loading device of large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus - Google Patents
Shearing box structure and normal loading device of large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107991197B CN107991197B CN201810023120.1A CN201810023120A CN107991197B CN 107991197 B CN107991197 B CN 107991197B CN 201810023120 A CN201810023120 A CN 201810023120A CN 107991197 B CN107991197 B CN 107991197B
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shearing box structure and a normal loading device of a large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, which comprise a lower shearing box, an upper shearing box and a normal loading device which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein 4-7 vertical partition plates I are arranged in the lower shearing box at intervals; the interior of the upper shearing box is divided into 4-7 soil cabins by a vertical partition board II; the normal loading device is provided with normal loading jacks corresponding to the number of the soil cabins, and the bottom end parts of the normal loading jacks are provided with normal loading plates matched with the soil cabins in size. The invention has the advantages that: the shearing force generated on the shearing surface is more uniform when the coarse-grained soil is subjected to a large-scale direct shearing test, the effective shearing surface area is kept constant along with the increase of shearing displacement, the test result is closer to the actual situation, and the test precision of the shearing strength of the coarse-grained soil can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shearing test device, in particular to a shearing box structure and a normal loading device of a large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus.
Background
Along with the improvement of traffic engineering standards, such as construction of highways and high-speed railways, the smoothness requirement of lines is higher and higher, so that more tunnel engineering, cutting engineering and slope excavation engineering are caused, and in the engineering construction, a large amount of coarse-grained soil is generated when the stratum is in a certain weathered rock stratum state. In addition, a large amount of waste slag, such as blast furnace slag, is produced in industrial production, and the waste slag is also coarse-grained soil after being compacted by a heavy hammer. The best treatment method for the coarse-grained soil is used for filling roadbed or foundation, and shear strength, cohesive force and internal friction angle are taken as important mechanical parameters of the coarse-grained soil, so that accurate measurement is important for analysis of the strength, stability and the like of the roadbed and the foundation.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the most rapid and convenient test method for determining the mechanical parameters of coarse-grained soil is to use a large-scale direct shear apparatus to perform a direct shear test. However, the practice of the direct shear test shows that the stress in the shear box is very complex in the direct shear test process, the shearing force on the theoretical shearing surface is very uneven, so that the shearing expansion and the shearing contraction of different positions on the shearing surface are greatly different, the normal loading plate 2 of the existing large-sized direct shear instrument is only one and is loaded by a single normal loading jack 1, and therefore, the normal loading plate has a tilting phenomenon, and the normal loading is uneven. Therefore, the existing large-scale direct shear apparatus mainly has the following problems: the normal load on the shearing surface is uneven, the shear distribution on the shearing surface is also uneven, and the area of the theoretical shearing surface between the upper shearing box 3 and the lower shearing box 4 is gradually reduced in the coarse-grained soil direct shearing test process, so that the shearing strength of the obtained coarse-grained soil is inaccurate, and therefore, the cohesive force, the internal friction angle and other mechanical parameters obtained by back calculation of the shearing strength are also inaccurate.
In addition, chinese patent CN201410216856a discloses a constant shearing face direct shear apparatus which uses a rotary manner to perform direct shear, and the shearing displacement is different during the test because of the different radii on the shearing face. The magnitude, development and extent of shear force are directly related to shear displacement. In addition, only one vertical loading plate is arranged on the upper shearing box in the direct shear apparatus, and the radial partition plate in the upper shearing box shears to bear a part of vertical load, so that the vertical load is inaccurate. In addition, the upper shearing box only has one radial partition plate, and the shearing force on the shearing surface is still uneven due to different shearing displacement, so that the shearing strength cannot be accurately tested.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the shearing box structure and the normal loading device of the large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, wherein the shearing box structure and the normal loading device are used for achieving uniform shearing force by dividing the space of the upper shearing box body into 4-7 soil cabins and loading the upper shearing box body by the normal loading jacks with corresponding numbers, and meanwhile, the thickness of the two end plate thicknesses of the upper shearing box in the longitudinal direction is thickened to be not smaller than the allowable maximum shearing displacement, so that the effective shearing area is ensured to be kept constant.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the shearing box structure and the normal loading device of the large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus are characterized by comprising a lower shearing box, an upper shearing box and a normal loading device which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein 4-7 vertical partition plates I are arranged in the lower shearing box at intervals; the interior of the upper shearing box is divided into 4-7 soil cabins by a vertical partition board II; the normal loading device is provided with normal loading jacks corresponding to the number of the soil cabins, and the bottom end parts of the normal loading jacks are provided with normal loading plates matched with the soil cabins in size.
The upper shearing box is a box body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and 3-6 vertical partition boards II are arranged in the box body at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction.
The upper shear box has a plate thickness at both ends in the longitudinal direction not smaller than the allowable maximum shear displacement.
The top of the vertical partition II is flush with the top of the upper shearing box, and the bottom of the vertical partition II is positioned in the upper shearing box and has a height difference with the bottom of the vertical partition II.
The height of the upper shearing box is 300-450mm, the internal net width is 400-600 mm, the thickness of the vertical partition plate II is 15-25mm, the height of the vertical partition plate II is 250-400mm, and the theoretical shearing surface between the bottom of the vertical partition plate II and the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box is 40-60mm; the thickness of the two end plates of the upper shearing box in the longitudinal direction is 200-250mm.
The lower shearing box is a box body with an open upper part and a closed lower part, 4-7 vertical partition boards I are arranged in the box body at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the vertical partition boards I and the vertical partition boards II in the upper shearing box are arranged in a staggered mode.
The bottom of vertical baffle I with the bottom of lower shear box flushes, the top of vertical baffle I is located in the lower shear box and have the difference in height with its top.
The height of the lower shearing box is 200-250mm, the internal net width is 400-600 mm, the thickness of the vertical partition board I is 15-25mm, the height is 150-200mm, and the theoretical shearing surface between the top of the vertical partition board I and the lower shearing box is 40-60mm; the bottom of the lower shearing box is provided with a plurality of round rolling bars.
The normal loading jacks are the same in size and model and are connected in parallel to the same loading oil pump.
The normal loading plate is connected with the normal loading jack through a universal hinge.
The invention has the advantages that: the shearing force generated on the shearing surface is more uniform when the coarse-grained soil is subjected to a large-scale direct shearing test, the effective shearing surface area is kept constant along with the increase of shearing displacement, the test result is closer to the actual situation, and the test precision of the shearing strength of the coarse-grained soil can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-scale direct shear apparatus for coarse-grained soil in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus in the prior art during a direct shear test;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a shear box and a normal loading device of the direct shear apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shear box structure of the direct shear apparatus and the normal loading device in the direct shear test;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the upper shear box of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings, to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
as shown in fig. 1-5, the labels in the figures are respectively: the normal loading jack 1, the normal loading plate 2, the upper shearing box 3, the lower shearing box 4, the normal loading device 5, the normal loading jack 6, the normal loading plate 7, the upper shearing box 8, the vertical partition plate 9, the end plate 10, the soil cabin 11, the vertical partition plate 12, the soil cabin 13, the lower shearing box 14, the rolling bar 15 and the side plate 16.
Examples: as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the embodiment specifically relates to a shearing box structure and a normal loading device of a large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, and the direct shear apparatus comprises a lower shearing box 14, an upper shearing box 8 and a normal loading device 5 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the upper shearing box 8 is a box body with an upper opening and a lower opening, the rectangular frame of the box body is formed by enclosing two end plates 10 and two side plates 16, and in the direct shearing test, the box body of the upper shearing box 8 is fixedly arranged on an external reference object so as to keep the position of the box body to be always fixed. In the upper shear box 8, a plurality of vertical partition boards 9 are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction so as to divide the space of the box body into 4-7 soil cabins 11 with the same size, wherein the longitudinal direction refers to the moving direction of the lower shear box 14 in a specific direct shear test, and the vertical partition boards 9 are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; wherein the top of the vertical partition plate 9 is flush with the top of the upper shear box 8, and the bottom of the vertical partition plate is positioned in the upper shear box 8 and has a certain height difference with the upper shear box 8; further, in the present embodiment, the thickness of the end plate 10 of the upper shear box 8 is increased so that the thickness of the end plate 10 is not less than the maximum shear displacement allowed during the direct shear test, as compared with the direct shear apparatus structure as shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, the upper shear box 8 has the following dimensions: the net width of the inner part of the upper shearing box 8 is 450mm-600mm, and the net length is 800mm-1000mm; the height of the box body of the upper shearing box 8 is 300-450mm, the height of the vertical partition plate 9 is 250-400mm, the vertical partition plate 9 is flush with the top of the upper shearing box 8, and the distance between the bottom of the vertical partition plate 9 in the upper shearing box 8 and the theoretical shearing surface is 40-60mm; in addition, each soil bin 11 is identical in size, about 150-200mm in length; and the thickness of the end plate 10 is 200-250mm.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the normal loading device 5 is formed by combining 4-7 normal loading jacks 6, the number of the normal loading jacks 6 corresponds to the number of soil cabins 11 in the upper shearing box 8, each normal loading jack 6 is respectively and correspondingly arranged right above the corresponding soil cabin 11, the lower end part of each normal loading jack 6 is connected with a normal loading plate 7 through a universal hinge, the size of the normal loading plate 7 corresponds to the size of the corresponding soil cabin 11, and preferably, soil bodies loaded into the soil cabin 11 can be completely covered; the normal loading device 5 further comprises a loading oil pump, each normal loading jack 6 is simultaneously connected in parallel to the loading oil pump, and all the normal loading jacks 6 have the same size, so that each normal loading jack 6 can generate the same normal pressure during operation.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the lower shear box 14 is disposed directly below the upper shear box 8, the lower shear box 14 is a box body with an open upper portion and a closed bottom, and a plurality of circular rolling bars 15 are disposed between the bottom of the box body and the ground, so that in the direct shear test process, the relative position between the lower shear box 14 and the upper shear box 8 can be changed, and a shear displacement is formed. Similarly, in the lower shear box 14, 4-7 vertical partition plates 12 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction so as to divide the box body of the lower shear box 14 into 5-8 soil cabins 13, but the vertical partition plates 12 in the lower shear box 14 and the vertical partition plates 9 in the upper shear box 8 are arranged in a staggered manner; wherein the bottom of the vertical partition 9 is flush with the bottom of the lower shear box 14, and the top of the vertical partition 9 is located in the lower shear box 14 but has a certain height difference from the top of the lower shear box 14. In this embodiment, the dimensions of the lower shear box 14 are as follows: the height of the lower shear box 14 is 200-250mm, the thickness of the vertical partition plate 9 is 15-25mm, the height is 150-300 mm, the vertical partition plate 9 is flush with the bottom of the lower shear box 14, and the distance between the top of the vertical partition plate 9 in the lower shear box 14 and the theoretical shear plane is 40-60 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, in the embodiment, in the shearing box structure and the normal loading device of the large-scale coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus, the upper shearing box 8 is fixed, and when the lower shearing box 14 is pulled out to the left side, the end plate 10 of the upper shearing box 8 increases in thickness, and the right part of the lower shearing box 14 has redundancy, so that along with the increase of the shearing displacement, the effective shearing area between the upper shearing box 8 and the lower shearing box 14 can be ensured to be kept constant. Meanwhile, according to the hydraulic conduction principle of the jack, a tight joint surface can be formed after the soil body of the redundant part of the lower shearing box 14 enters the contact surface, and the accuracy of the test is improved as the same as the shearing process of the actual soil body. The shearing surfaces of the upper shearing box 8 and the lower shearing box 14 bear the uniform soil pressure applied by each normal loading jack 6, wherein when the redundant part in the rightmost soil cabin 13 in the lower shearing box 8 enters the contact surface, the corresponding normal loading jack 6 above the contact surface is independently pressed down to reduce soil body pores. At the same time, in order to prevent the stress concentration from causing deflection of the case body of the upper shear case 8, the lower shear case 14 should stop moving after being pulled out to one side by a certain distance, and the test is ended, that is, the moving distance of the lower shear case 14 should be within the allowable maximum shear displacement. During the direct shear test, the vertical displacement of each normal loading plate 7 is tested simultaneously, and the vertical displacement is used for analyzing the shear expansion and the shear contraction of the filler.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in: the shearing force generated on the shearing surface is more uniform when the coarse-grained soil is subjected to a large-scale direct shearing test, the effective shearing surface area is kept constant along with the increase of shearing displacement, the test result is closer to the actual situation, and the test precision of the shearing strength of the coarse-grained soil can be improved.
Claims (7)
1. The shearing box structure and the normal loading device of the large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus are characterized by comprising a lower shearing box, an upper shearing box and a normal loading device which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein 4-7 vertical partition plates I are arranged in the lower shearing box at intervals; the interior of the upper shearing box is divided into 4-7 soil cabins by a vertical partition board II; the normal loading device is provided with normal loading jacks corresponding to the number of the soil cabins, and the bottom end part of each normal loading jack is provided with a normal loading plate matched with the soil cabin in size;
the upper shearing box is a box body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and 3-6 vertical partition boards II are arranged in the box body at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction;
the lower shearing box is a box body with an open upper part and a closed lower part, 4-7 vertical partition boards I are arranged in the box body at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the vertical partition boards I and the vertical partition boards II in the upper shearing box are arranged in a staggered manner;
the normal loading jacks are the same in size and model and are connected in parallel to the same loading oil pump.
2. The large-scale direct shear box structure and normal loading device for coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the two end plates of the upper shear box in the longitudinal direction is not smaller than the allowable maximum shear displacement.
3. The coarse-grained soil large-scale direct shear apparatus shearing box structure and the normal loading device according to claim 1 are characterized in that the top of the vertical partition plate II is flush with the top of the upper shearing box, and the bottom of the vertical partition plate II is positioned in the upper shearing box and has a height difference with the bottom of the vertical partition plate II.
4. The large-scale direct shear box structure and normal loading device for coarse-grained soil according to claim 3, wherein the upper shear box is 300-450mm in height, 400-600 mm in internal net width, 15-25mm in thickness and 250-400mm in height, and the bottom of the vertical partition II is 40-60mm from a theoretical shear plane between the upper shear box and the lower shear box; the thickness of the two end plates of the upper shearing box in the longitudinal direction is 200-250mm.
5. The large coarse-grained soil direct shear box structure and the normal loading device are characterized in that the bottom of the vertical partition I is flush with the bottom of the lower shear box, and the top of the vertical partition I is positioned in the lower shear box and has a height difference with the top of the vertical partition I.
6. The large-scale direct shear box structure and normal loading device for coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, wherein the height of the lower shear box is 200-250mm, the internal net width is 400-600 mm, the thickness of the vertical partition I is 15-25mm, the height is 150-200mm, and the theoretical shearing surface between the top of the vertical partition I and the lower shear box is 40-60mm; the bottom of the lower shearing box is provided with a plurality of round rolling bars.
7. The coarse-grained soil large-scale direct shear box structure and the normal loading device according to claim 1 are characterized in that the normal loading plate is connected with the normal loading jack through a universal hinge.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810023120.1A CN107991197B (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2018-01-10 | Shearing box structure and normal loading device of large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810023120.1A CN107991197B (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2018-01-10 | Shearing box structure and normal loading device of large coarse-grained soil direct shear apparatus |
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| CN107991197A CN107991197A (en) | 2018-05-04 |
| CN107991197B true CN107991197B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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| CN112683695B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-06-30 | 四川农业大学 | Simple direct shearing device for root soil complex and use method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10325788A (en) * | 1997-05-26 | 1998-12-08 | Fujita Corp | Apparatus and method for test of shear strength of bedrock in original position |
| CN1529144A (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2004-09-15 | 四川大学 | Coarse soil direct shear instrument |
| CN104931358A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method of testing direct shear strength of large-scale coarse-grained soil |
| CN207675565U (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-31 | 华东交通大学 | Coarse-grained soil large direct shear apparatus shear box structure and normal direction loading device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105675409B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-02-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Integral type rock mass discontinuity direct shear apparatus and direct shear test method |
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- 2018-01-10 CN CN201810023120.1A patent/CN107991197B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10325788A (en) * | 1997-05-26 | 1998-12-08 | Fujita Corp | Apparatus and method for test of shear strength of bedrock in original position |
| CN1529144A (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2004-09-15 | 四川大学 | Coarse soil direct shear instrument |
| CN104931358A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method of testing direct shear strength of large-scale coarse-grained soil |
| CN207675565U (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-31 | 华东交通大学 | Coarse-grained soil large direct shear apparatus shear box structure and normal direction loading device |
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