CN107991149B - Method for obtaining pulling-shearing composite deformation of metal plate by utilizing unidirectional stretching - Google Patents
Method for obtaining pulling-shearing composite deformation of metal plate by utilizing unidirectional stretching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a method for obtaining tensile-shear composite deformation of a metal plate by utilizing uniaxial tension, and belongs to a metal plate deformation testing method. The method designs a new geometric structure of a sample, and obtains tension-shear composite deformation in a deformation zone through uniaxial tension of a metal plate; the designed sample is characterized in that the sample is provided with an arc-shaped notch and a central deformation area for thinning, and a uniform linear tension-shear strain path is obtained in the central deformation area. Therefore, a uniform linear tension-shear composite deformation path can be obtained in a larger deformation area under the condition of unidirectional tension loading, and different tension-shear strain paths can be realized by adjusting geometric characteristic parameters of the sample. The invention obtains linear tension-shear composite deformation by utilizing unidirectional stretching, and provides a new reliable method for accurately testing the yield and hardening behaviors, instability and damage limit of the metal plate under the condition of tension-shear composite deformation, wherein the uniform deformation zone exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a method for obtaining tensile-shear composite deformation of a metal plate by utilizing uniaxial tension, and belongs to a metal plate deformation testing method.
Background
Sheet metal exhibits different mechanical behavior (yield, hardening, etc.) and formability (forming limit) when deformed in different strain paths. The test of the deformation behavior of the metal plate under different strain paths is an important tool for obtaining the deformation rule and the damage limit in the forming process of the metal plate, generally, the strain paths covered by the test are from pure shearing to equal-direction double-pulling, wherein the double-pulling deformation is generally obtained by adopting the biaxial stretching of a cross-shaped sample, the plane strain is obtained by adopting a single-pulling sample with a notch, and the unidirectional stretching is obtained by adopting a smooth single-pulling sample with a central hole. For the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate, the biaxial loading of a cross-shaped sample is commonly adopted, wherein the biaxial loading is used for obtaining the tension and the compression, and the buckling is easily caused by the compression deformation of the plate, so that the biaxial loading can only obtain a small deformation amount, the operation is complex, and the shape of the sample is shown in figure 1.
In recent years, it has been proposed by researchers to obtain samples having tensile-shear complex strain under unidirectional loading conditions, as shown in fig. 2(a) to 2(c), because the operation of biaxial loading experiments is relatively difficult. The tensile-shear composite deformation can be obtained by uniaxial tension by using the samples shown in fig. 2(a) -2 (c), but the following two main problems exist: (1) 2(a) -2 (b) rotation of the deformation zone exists in the deformation process of the sample, so that the strain path of the deformation zone changes at any time, and a linear strain path cannot be obtained; (2) the deformation regions of the samples shown in fig. 2(a) -2 (c) are small, and no uniform deformation region is obvious, so that the strain measurement of the deformation regions is difficult. Due to the above problems, the uniform and linear strain path cannot be obtained by adopting the current tension-shear deformation test sample, so that the mechanical behavior and the forming performance of the metal plate under the tension-shear composite deformation path are difficult to accurately represent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of a metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching, aiming at solving the problems in the existing pulling-shearing composite deformation test, the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate can be obtained by utilizing the unidirectional stretching, the deformation path keeps linear and has enough uniform deformation area, and larger deformation amount (which can be deformed to the damage of a sample) can be obtained for preparing the representation of mechanics and failure behaviors of the pulling-shearing composite deformation path of the metal plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of a metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension comprises the steps of designing a new sample geometric structure, and obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation in a deformation area by the uniaxial tension of the metal plate; the designed sample is characterized in that the sample is provided with an arc-shaped notch and a central deformation area for thinning, and a uniform linear tension-shear strain path is obtained in the central deformation area.
The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching obtains different tension-shear composite strain paths by adjusting the geometric parameters of the sample and controlling.
The method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching increases the area of the central deformation area, so that the measurement is convenient.
The method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching obtains the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate under the quasi-static to dynamic loading condition by changing the loading rate during the unidirectional stretching.
The method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) design novel geometric structure of tensile-shear deformation sample
Two groups of arc-shaped notches are symmetrically formed in two sides of a plate of the unidirectional tensile sample, the radius R of a fillet of each arc-shaped notch is equal to the radius R of a central deformation area of the unidirectional tensile sample, the thickness T of the central deformation area is reduced, the thickness T of the central deformation area is smaller than the thickness T of the plate, key geometric parameters are the thickness T of the plate, the radius R of each arc-shaped notch, the diameter W and the thickness T of the central deformation area and the radius R of a transition fillet, and different tension-shear composite deformation paths are obtained by adjusting the key geometric parameters;
(2) measuring and calibrating of tension-shear deformation sample
Forming randomly distributed speckles on the surface of the observation area of the sample in a paint spraying mode and drying the speckles;
(3) uniaxial tensile test
Clamping a sample by adopting a tensile testing machine with digital image capturing equipment, carrying out photographing calibration before the sample starts, and photographing at fixed time intervals in the sample process;
(4) deformation numerical data processing
And analyzing the deformation by using professional numerical image analysis software to obtain data of equivalent strain, thickness strain, stress triaxial degree and the like of the deformation.
The method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching designs different arc-shaped gap radiuses, sizes and thicknesses of the central deformation areas on the basis of a common unidirectional stretching sample to obtain different pulling-shearing composite deformation states, and increases the central deformation area of the sample, so that the measurement is convenient.
The method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching performs thinning treatment on the central deformation area of the sample, realizes uniform deformation of the central deformation area, realizes linear increase of strain, and keeps the strain ratio unchanged in the deformation process.
According to the method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching, the central deformation area does not have the transition in the deformation process of the sample, and the central deformation area is ensured to be in a linear strain path.
The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension carries out loading through uniaxial tension equipment, forms randomly distributed speckles on the surface of a sample observation area in a paint spraying mode, and obtains accurate tension-shear deformation data.
According to the method for obtaining the pulling-shearing composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the unidirectional stretching, under the condition of static loading, the stretching equipment reduces the stretching rate to obtain the required low strain rate; under dynamic loading conditions, the stretching apparatus increases the rate of stretching to achieve the desired high strain rate.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the test method is simple, only single-shaft loading is adopted, and the design of the sample is simple.
2. The deformation path is easy to control, and different tension-shear deformation shapes can be achieved by matching the area and the thickness of the central deformation area with different arc-shaped notch radiuses.
3. The deformation of the central area of the sample is uniform, the linear strain increase can be realized, the strain ratio is kept unchanged in the deformation process, a linear strain path is obtained, and the accurate tension-shear deformation behavior is ensured to be obtained.
4. The area of the sample deformation measuring area is large, and the measurement is quick and convenient. Speckle can be formed quickly and conveniently by using a paint spraying mode, and accurate deformation data of a stretch-shear deformation area can be obtained by using a digital imaging technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a biaxial tensile specimen used to obtain a composite strain by pulling and shearing.
FIGS. 2(a) to 2(c) are schematic diagrams of samples of which tensile-shear composite strain is obtained by uniaxial tension, which have been reported so far. Wherein, fig. 2(a) -2 (b) are single-arm shear deformation samples, fig. 2(a) is a front view, and fig. 2(b) is a perspective view; fig. 2(c) shows a double-arm shear deformation sample.
Fig. 3(a) -3 (b) are schematic diagrams of the structure of the novel sample according to the present invention. Wherein, fig. 3(a) is a front view; FIG. 3(b) is an enlarged sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 3 (a).
Fig. 4(a) -4 (c) are sample sizes of example 1, where: FIG. 4(a) is a front view; FIG. 4(b) is a perspective view; FIG. 4(c) is an enlarged sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4 (a).
Fig. 4(d) -4 (f) are sample sizes for example 2, where: FIG. 4(d) is a front view; FIG. 4(e) is a perspective view; FIG. 4(f) is an enlarged sectional view of A-A in FIG. 4 (d).
FIG. 5(a) is an equal effect strain distribution diagram (respectively. DELTA.L.apprxeq.0 mm,. DELTA.L.apprxeq.1 mm,. DELTA.L.apprxeq.2 mm,. DELTA.L.apprxeq.2.7 mm, where. DELTA.L represents the amount of strain, and fracture) for different amounts of tensile-shear deformation in example 1, FIG. 5(b) is a thickness strain distribution diagram for a certain amount of tensile-shear deformation, and FIG. 5(c) is an evolution diagram of the point thickness strain with the amount of tensile-shear deformation for different materials.
FIG. 6(a) is an equal effect strain distribution diagram (respectively. DELTA.L. apprxeq.0 mm,. DELTA.L. apprxeq.1 mm,. DELTA.L. apprxeq.2 mm,. DELTA.L. apprxeq.2.7 mm, where. DELTA.L represents the amount of strain, and fracture) for different amounts of tensile-shear deformation in example 1 FIG. 6(b) is a thickness strain distribution diagram for a certain tensile-shear deformation, and FIG. 6(c) is the evolution of the different material point thickness strain with the amount of tensile-shear deformation.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the strain path change during the tension-shear deformation of example 1 (case 1) and example 2 (case 2).
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the invention provides a method for testing metal tension-shear composite deformation behavior by using simple tension, which is mainly characterized in that a novel sample structure is designed, uniform and linear tension-shear composite deformation paths can be obtained in a larger deformation zone under the condition of unidirectional tension loading, and different tension-shear strain paths can be realized by adjusting the geometric characteristic parameters of a sample, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) a novel tensile-shear deformation sample geometric structure is designed, and the geometric schematic diagram of the sample is shown in figures 3(a) -3 (b). The key geometric parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining different tension-shear composite deformation paths by adjusting key geometric parameters according to the thickness T of a plate, the radius R of a fillet of an arc notch, the diameter W of a central deformation area, the thickness T and the radius R of a transition fillet.
(2) And measuring and calibrating the tensile-shear deformation sample. And forming randomly distributed speckles on the surface of the observation area of the sample in a paint spraying mode and drying the speckles.
(3) Unidirectional tensile test. The tensile testing machine with the digital image capturing device is adopted to clamp the sample, the shooting calibration is carried out before the sample starts, and the shooting is carried out at a fixed time interval in the sample process.
(4) And (5) deformation numerical data processing. And analyzing the deformation by using professional numerical image analysis software to obtain data of equivalent strain, thickness strain, stress triaxial degree and the like of the deformation.
The invention obtains linear tension-shear composite deformation by utilizing unidirectional stretching, and provides a new reliable method for accurately testing the yield and hardening behaviors, instability and damage limit of the metal plate under the condition of tension-shear composite deformation, wherein the uniform central deformation area exists.
Now, with reference to fig. 3(a) -3 (b), the core idea is elucidated:
the method provided by the invention innovatively provides a novel unidirectional tensile sample structure, two groups of arc-shaped notches are symmetrically formed in two sides of a plate of the unidirectional tensile sample, the radius r of a fillet of each arc-shaped notch is reduced, the thickness T of a central deformation area of the unidirectional tensile sample is reduced, the thickness T of the central deformation area is smaller than the thickness T of the plate, and the critical structural size of the sample is adjusted: plate thickness T, arc breach fillet radius R, central deformation zone size (diameter W, transition fillet radius R, thickness T), several cooperate each other and obtain different tension-shear deformation state. Manufacturing speckles on the surface of a sample, capturing deformation by using a digital image correlation method and processing data to obtain sample deformation strain field correlation data which can comprise a surface strain field, a thickness strain field, a displacement time curve and a strain time curve; the method can be used for observing the whole process of the tensile-shear deformation of the sample in real time, and is suitable for the research on the tensile-shear deformation behaviors in a static mode and a dynamic mode.
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
fig. 4(a) to 4(c) show the sample size of the present example. As can be seen from the figure, the thickness of the metal plate material used in the present embodiment is 1.5mm, the radius R of the arc notch fillet is 4mm, and the size of the central deformation region (the diameter W is 10mm, the radius R of the transition fillet is 11.4mm, and the thickness t is 0.4 mm).
The basic procedure of this example (scheme 1) is as follows:
(1) and (4) processing a tensile-shear deformation sample. The round angle of the arc notch of the sample is processed by linear cutting, and the deformation area is processed by electric spark, so that the precision of the round angle and the wall thickness can be effectively ensured.
(2) And measuring and calibrating the tensile-shear deformation sample. And forming randomly distributed speckles on the surface of the observation area of the sample in a paint spraying mode and drying the speckles.
(3) Unidirectional tensile test. The sample was held by a tensile tester equipped with a digital image capturing device and calibrated by photographing before the start of the sample, as shown by Δ L ≈ 0 in fig. 5 (a). Photographing is carried out at fixed time intervals in the process of the sample, and other deformation pictures in the figure 5(a) show that the fracture of the plate is a transverse fracture.
(4) And (4) carrying out data management on the stretch-shear deformation data. The deformation is analyzed by professional numerical image analysis software, and data such as equivalent strain (fig. 5(a)), thickness strain (fig. 5(b)), three-axis stress and the like of the deformation are obtained. Six points such as typical positions 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in fig. 5(b) are respectively selected, and by analyzing the evolution of the thickness strain along with the deformation, the actual effect mechanism of the plate is mainly the plate shrinkage failure.
Example 2:
the present example (scheme 2) differs from example 1 in that:
difference 1: in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4(d) to 4(f), the arc notch radius r used in this embodiment is 2.9 mm.
Difference 2: in the present example, as shown in fig. 4(d) to 4(f), the sample center deformation region size (diameter W of 12mm, transition radius R of 0.4mm, thickness t of 0.6mm) was measured.
Difference 3: in this embodiment, the sheet material in fig. 6(a) and fig. 5(a) is different from the fracture, and exhibits an oblique fracture.
Difference 4: in contrast to fig. 5(c), seven material points at typical positions 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. in fig. 6(b) are selected, and the thickness strain increases substantially linearly with the deformation amount by analyzing (fig. 6(c)), and there is no evolution of significant radial shrinkage, which indicates that the failure mechanism of the plate is shear failure.
Fig. 7 shows a scheme 1 and a scheme 2, wherein the strain path of the central point of the central deformation region of the plate changes in the deformation process, and under the two schemes, the strain path of the central point changes linearly and is located at different positions of the tension-shear deformation region, and the invention is explained again to be an effective means for researching the tension-shear deformation of the metal material.
The embodiment result shows that different arc-shaped notch radiuses, sizes and thicknesses of the central deformation areas are designed on the basis of a common unidirectional tensile sample, different tension-shear composite deformation states are obtained, and the central deformation areas of the sample are enlarged, so that the measurement is convenient. And thinning treatment is carried out in the central deformation area of the sample, so that uniform deformation of the central deformation area is realized, linear increase of strain is realized, and the strain ratio is kept unchanged in the deformation process. In the deformation process of the sample, the central deformation area does not have the transition, and the central deformation area is ensured to be in a linear strain path. Loading is carried out through uniaxial tension equipment, speckles which are randomly distributed are formed on the surface of a sample observation area in a paint spraying mode, and accurate tension-shear deformation data are obtained. Under the condition of static loading, the stretching equipment reduces the stretching speed to obtain the required low strain rate; under dynamic loading conditions, the stretching apparatus increases the rate of stretching to achieve the desired high strain rate.
In summary, the above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of a metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension is characterized in that a new sample geometric structure is designed, and the tension-shear composite deformation is obtained in a deformation zone by the uniaxial tension of the metal plate; the designed sample is characterized by being provided with an arc-shaped notch and a central deformation area for thinning, and a uniform linear tension-shear strain path is obtained in the central deformation area, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) design of tensile-shear deformation specimen geometry
Two sides of a plate of the unidirectional tensile sample are symmetrically provided with an upper group of arc notches and a lower group of arc notches, the radius R of a fillet of each arc notch is equal to the radius R of a central deformation area of the unidirectional tensile sample, the central deformation area of the unidirectional tensile sample is circular, the thickness T of the unidirectional tensile sample is reduced, the thickness T of the central deformation area is smaller than the thickness T of the plate, key geometric parameters are the thickness T of the plate, the radius R of each arc notch, the diameter W and the thickness T of the central deformation area and the radius R of a transition fillet, and different tension;
(2) measuring and calibrating of tension-shear deformation sample
Forming randomly distributed speckles on the surface of the observation area of the sample in a paint spraying mode and drying the speckles;
(3) uniaxial tensile test
Clamping a sample by adopting a tensile testing machine with digital image capturing equipment, carrying out photographing calibration before the sample starts, and photographing at fixed time intervals in the sample process;
(4) deformation numerical data processing
Analyzing the deformation by using professional numerical image analysis software to obtain three-axis data of equivalent strain, thickness strain and stress of the deformation;
on the basis of a common unidirectional tensile sample, different arc-shaped notch radiuses, sizes and thicknesses of the central deformation areas are designed to obtain different tension-shear composite deformation states, and the central deformation areas of the sample are enlarged to facilitate measurement.
2. The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, wherein different tension-shear composite strain paths are obtained by adjusting the geometric parameters of the sample.
3. The method for obtaining tension-shear composite deformation of metal plate by using uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the central deformation zone is increased to facilitate measurement.
4. The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial stretching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate under the quasi-static to dynamic loading condition is obtained by changing the loading rate in the uniaxial stretching.
5. The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central deformation area of the sample is thinned to realize uniform deformation of the central deformation area, realize linear increase of strain and keep the strain ratio unchanged in the deformation process.
6. The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central deformation area does not reach all the way during the deformation process of the sample, and the central deformation area is ensured to be in a linear strain path.
7. The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loading is carried out by a uniaxial tension device, speckles which are randomly distributed are formed on the surface of an observation area of the sample in a paint spraying mode, and accurate tension-shear deformation data are obtained.
8. The method for obtaining the tension-shear composite deformation of the metal plate by utilizing the uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, wherein under the condition of static loading, the stretching equipment reduces the stretching speed to obtain the required low strain rate; under dynamic loading conditions, the stretching apparatus increases the rate of stretching to achieve the desired high strain rate.
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