CN107976133B - Diameter measuring device based on shear ruler - Google Patents
Diameter measuring device based on shear ruler Download PDFInfo
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- CN107976133B CN107976133B CN201711062529.6A CN201711062529A CN107976133B CN 107976133 B CN107976133 B CN 107976133B CN 201711062529 A CN201711062529 A CN 201711062529A CN 107976133 B CN107976133 B CN 107976133B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0035—Measuring of dimensions of trees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler, which comprises a shear ruler (1), a straight ruler and a protractor (4); the first end part of the straight scale is connected with a hinge point A of the shear scale, and the second end part of the straight scale is used for contacting the surface of a measured object; the measured object is cylindrical or cylindrical; the two arms of the shear ruler are opened to clamp the measured object, and the second end of the straight ruler is contacted with the surface of the measured object; and calculating to obtain the diameter phi of the measured object based on the length of the straight ruler and the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor. The diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler is compact in structure, easy to implement and capable of achieving automatic diameter measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler.
Background
The diameter of the stumpage, particularly the diameter of the chest height, which is called the diameter of the chest (diameter at breast height) for short, is an important basic tree measuring factor in forest measuring work, and is directly related to the estimation of forest growth amount, forest accumulation amount, forest productivity and forest quality.
At present, common tools for measuring the diameter comprise a wheel ruler, a circumference ruler and a laser diameter measuring instrument;
(1) wheel ruler: also known as calipers, are made of wood or aluminum. The structure is as shown in fig. 1, and can be divided into a fixed foot, a sliding foot and a ruler body. When the diameter is measured, the ruler body and the two feet are simultaneously contacted with the cross section of the measured tree and read.
The disadvantages are that: the sliding foot is tightly contacted with the ruler body, does not slide well, is loose, is not parallel to the fixed foot frequently, is inaccurate in quantity, is greatly influenced by humidity and weather, and is inconvenient to carry (the sliding foot drops easily).
(2) Diameter tape measure: also known as a tape, comprises a cloth tape, a steel tape and a thin bamboo tape. The upper and lower sides of one side of the circumference ruler are marked with diameter readings corresponding to the circumference. During measurement, the enclosing ruler needs to be tensioned around the trunk for a circle, both hands inevitably contact the trunk, and if the force application is limited, tensioning is difficult; the tree is not convenient to measure because of the ditch and the hole beside the tree, the honeycomb, the thorn (fir, kalopanax septemlobus) or the allergic tree species (lacquer tree) on the trunk, and the ruler can not tightly surround the trunk if the measuring part of the trunk is sunken, so the precision is not high.
(3) CCD diameter measuring instrument and laser scanning diameter measuring instrument, and use optical geometry principle.
The linear array CCD is placed in the parallel light path, the measured object is placed in the light path in front of the CCD, and the light emitted to the CCD is partially blocked by the object, so that the signal output by the CCD has a notch, the diameter of the measured object is obtained by the corresponding relation between the width of the notch and the size of the object, but the large-size CCD is particularly expensive.
Laser scanning measurement: the object placed in the measuring area is scanned at high speed, the light projected onto the photoelectric receiver is intercepted when the light beam scans the object, and the data related to the diameter of the object can be obtained by analyzing the signal output by the photoelectric receiver.
The two optical products have the advantages of complex structure, high cost, limited measuring diameter range, high requirement on the operating environment of a measuring object and inconvenience in carrying and measuring. Is not suitable for the application and popularization of forest environments with large scale, complicated and changeable forest regions, mountainous regions and fields.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a new diameter measuring device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler, which is easy to implement and convenient to measure.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler comprises the shear ruler, a straight ruler and a protractor; the first end part of the straight scale is connected with a hinge point A of the shear scale, and the second end part of the straight scale is used for contacting the surface of a measured object; the measured object is cylindrical or cylindrical;
the two arms of the shear ruler are opened to clamp the measured object, and the second end of the straight ruler is contacted with the surface of the measured object;
and calculating to obtain the diameter phi of the measured object based on the length of the straight ruler and the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor.
The straight ruler is a T-shaped ruler.
The diameter Φ 2R L0 sin (a/2)/[1-sin (a/2) ] of the test object;
wherein L0 is the length of the straightedge from the hinge point to the second end;
and a is the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor.
The diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler also comprises an MCU and a display screen; the protractor is an electronic protractor; the display screen and the electronic protractor are both connected with the MCU, and the display screen is used for displaying the measurement result.
The MCU is also connected with a communication module and a positioning module. The positioning module is a Beidou or GPS module, and the communication module is a GPRS,3G,4G or 5G communication module.
The diameter phi of the measured object is 2(R1+ R2+ R3)/3;
wherein:
r1 is the radius corresponding to the contact position D of the second end of the straight ruler and the surface of the measured object;
r2 is the radius corresponding to the tangent B of the first arm of the shear ruler and the surface of the measured object;
r3 is the radius corresponding to the tangent position C of the second arm of the shear ruler and the surface of the measured object;
R1＝L1*tan(a1)；
R2＝L2*tan(a-a1)；
R3＝L1/cos(a1)-L0；
wherein L0 is the length of the straight edge from the hinge point to the second end, L1 is the length of the first arm of the shear rule from point A to point B, L2 is the length of the second arm of the shear rule from point A to point C;
a is the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor; a1 is the angle between the first arm of the shear ruler and the straight ruler.
The diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler further comprises an MCU and a display screen, wherein the protractor is an electronic protractor, the display screen and the electronic protractor are both connected with the MCU, the display screen is used for displaying measuring results, and the diameter measuring device further comprises a length measuring circuit used for measuring L1 and L2.
The length measuring circuit comprises a constant current source, a resistor string and a voltage detection circuit; the constant current source supplies power to the resistor string; the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the total voltage drop U on the actual effective resistor;
then length L n △ k U △ k/(R0I 0);
wherein n is the number of actual effective resistors, △ k is the distance between adjacent conductive spurs, R0 is the resistance value of a single resistor, and I0 is the supply current of a constant current source;
a plurality of resistors which are connected in series and have the same resistance value are arranged on the inner sides of the first arm and the second arm of the shear ruler, a conductive spine is arranged at the connecting point of the adjacent resistors, and the conductive spines are arranged at equal intervals; strip-shaped grounded conducting strips are arranged in the first arm and the second arm.
The working principle shows that once a certain point is contacted with a measured object, under the action of pressure, the conductive spine closest to the point is connected with the conductive sheet, the number n of the resistors actually connected into the circuit has a corresponding relation with the distance L from the contact point to the hinge point a, L ═ n ═ △ k, n can be calculated through a volt-ampere law, that is, n ═ U/(R0 ═ I0), and the specific operation process is completed in the MCU.
△ k is 2-20 mm, preferably 5mm or 10 mm.
The MCU is also connected with a communication module and a positioning module. The positioning module is a Beidou or GPS module, and the communication module is a GPRS,3G,4G or 5G communication module.
The length of the straight ruler can be changed and can also be fixed.
Two scales are close to the 5cm position of pin joint A, can add a spring, easily paste the trunk and easily receive the chi when pulling open the survey.
The measurement steps are as follows:
diameter measurement is realized through a shear ruler, a straight ruler and a protractor; the first end part of the straight scale is connected with a hinge point A of the shear scale, and the second end part of the straight scale is used for contacting the surface of a measured object; the measured object is cylindrical or cylindrical;
the measurement steps are as follows:
step 1: opening the shear ruler;
the opening direction is vertical to the axial direction of the measured object;
step 2: the second end of the ruler is propped against the surface of the measured object; clamping the two arms of the opened shear ruler with the object to be measured;
and step 3: reading;
the read data comprises angle data measured by a protractor;
and 4, step 4: calculating the diameter;
and calculating to obtain the diameter phi of the measured object based on the length of the straight ruler and the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor.
Has the advantages that:
the diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler has the following characteristics:
(1) firstly, the diameter measurement is realized by matching the shear ruler and the straight ruler, the conception is novel, the steps are simple, a laser or an image sensor and the like are not needed, and the method is easy to implement. The operating hand is not in direct contact with the trunk, and the operation is convenient.
(2) And aiming at a plurality of different points, the radius is calculated in different modes, and then the average value is obtained, so that the accuracy is high.
(3) The whole measurement can realize electronic reading without manual reading, and the generation of misreading number is avoided.
(4) The device is provided with a display module and a communication module, wherein the display module is used for displaying measurement data, and the communication module can upload the measurement result to an upper computer or a remote platform, so that the device is beneficial to remote data collection.
(5) Aiming at a specific measurement scene, a special and unique mechanism and a circuit for measuring the arm length are designed; this is one of the greatest originality of the present invention.
(6) Convenient to carry, easy operation, adaptation complicated forest environment, it is with low costs
(7) MCU is connected with pronunciation reading module, pronunciation reading, can design and store 1000 data functions, can avoid reading error.
In conclusion, the diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler is ingenious in structure, easy to implement, high in measuring accuracy and suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art diameter measuring device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a diameter measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic block diagram;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of length measurement;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a length measuring circuit.
Description of reference numerals: 1-shear ruler, 2-T ruler, 3-tree trunk, 4-protractor, 11-resistor, 12-conductive thorn and 13-conductive sheet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1: referring to fig. 2, a diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler comprises a shear ruler 1, a straight ruler and a protractor 4; the first end part of the straight ruler is connected with a hinge point A of the shear ruler, and the second end part of the straight ruler is used for being in surface contact with a measured object (such as a trunk 3); the measured object is cylindrical or cylindrical;
the two arms of the shear ruler are opened to clamp the measured object, and the second end of the straight ruler is contacted with the surface of the measured object;
and calculating to obtain the diameter phi of the measured object based on the length of the straight ruler and the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor.
The straight ruler is a T-square 2.
The diameter Φ 2R L0 sin (a/2)/[1-sin (a/2) ] of the test object;
wherein L0 is the length of the straightedge from the hinge point to the second end, and the length of the straightedge is generally a fixed length.
and a is the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor.
The diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler also comprises an MCU and a display screen; the protractor is an electronic protractor; the display screen and the electronic protractor are both connected with the MCU, and the display screen is used for displaying the measurement result.
The MCU is also connected with a communication module and a positioning module. The positioning module is a Beidou or GPS module, and the communication module is a GPRS,3G,4G or 5G communication module.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2 to 5, a diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler comprises a shear ruler (1), a straight ruler and a protractor (4); the first end part of the straight scale is connected with a hinge point A of the shear scale, and the second end part of the straight scale is used for contacting the surface of a measured object; the measured object is cylindrical or cylindrical;
the two arms of the shear ruler are opened to clamp the measured object, and the second end of the straight ruler is contacted with the surface of the measured object;
and calculating to obtain the diameter phi of the measured object based on the length of the straight ruler and the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor.
The straight ruler is a T-square (2).
The diameter phi of the measured object is 2(R1+ R2+ R3)/3;
wherein:
r1 is the radius corresponding to the contact position D of the second end of the straight ruler and the surface of the measured object;
r2 is the radius corresponding to the tangent B of the first arm of the shear ruler and the surface of the measured object;
r3 is the radius corresponding to the tangent position C of the second arm of the shear ruler and the surface of the measured object;
R1＝L1*tan(a1)；
R2＝L2*tan(a-a1)；
R3＝L1/cos(a1)-L0；
wherein L0 is the length of the straight edge from the hinge point to the second end, L1 is the length of the first arm of the shear rule from point A to point B, L2 is the length of the second arm of the shear rule from point A to point C;
a is the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor; a1 is the angle between the first arm of the shear ruler and the straight ruler.
The diameter measuring device based on the shear ruler further comprises an MCU and a display screen, wherein the protractor is an electronic protractor, the display screen and the electronic protractor are both connected with the MCU, the display screen is used for displaying measuring results, and the diameter measuring device further comprises a length measuring circuit used for measuring L1 and L2.
The length measuring circuit comprises a constant current source, a resistor string and a voltage detection circuit; the constant current source supplies power to the resistor string; the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the total voltage drop U on the actual effective resistor;
then length L n △ k U △ k/(R0I 0);
wherein n is the number of actual effective resistors, △ k is the distance between adjacent conductive spurs, R0 is the resistance value of a single resistor, and I0 is the supply current of a constant current source;
a plurality of resistors (11) which are connected in series and have the same resistance value are arranged on the inner sides of the first arm and the second arm of the shear ruler, a conductive spine (12) is arranged at the connecting point of the adjacent resistors, and the conductive spines are arranged at equal intervals; strip-shaped grounding conducting strips (13) are arranged in the first arm and the second arm.
The working principle shows that once a certain point is contacted with a measured object, under the action of pressure, the conductive spine closest to the point is connected with the conductive sheet, the number n of the resistors actually connected into the circuit has a corresponding relation with the distance L from the contact point to the hinge point a, L ═ n ═ △ k, n can be calculated through a volt-ampere law, that is, n ═ U/(R0 ═ I0), and the specific operation process is completed in the MCU.
△ k is 2-20 mm, preferably 5mm or 10 mm.
The MCU is also connected with a communication module and a positioning module. The positioning module is a Beidou or GPS module, and the communication module is a GPRS,3G,4G or 5G communication module.
The length of the straight ruler can be changed and can also be fixed.
The T-square is a telescopic (folding) three-section steel T-square (each section is 10 cm).
When in measurement, for a tree, the large-diameter wood is tightly attached to a trunk to be measured in diameter by using a three-section or two-section T-square, the middle-diameter wood and the small-diameter wood are tightly attached to the trunk to be measured by using a one-section T-square, the shearing ruler is opened, the plane of the shearing ruler is perpendicular to the trunk, and the shearing ruler is attached to the trunk.
During measurement, the AC and AB length scales and the angle scales of ∠ a and ∠ a1 are read to obtain the trunk diameter, namely 2(R1+ R2+ R3)/3.
If a regular, full tree is determined, and its diameter (approximating that of a circle) is determined, only ∠ a and AC data need be read to obtain the trunk diameter 2r 1.
The calculation formula is as follows:
R1＝AB*tan∠a1
R2＝AC*tan(∠a-∠a1)
r3 ═ AB/cos ∠ a1-AD AD in a proportion of 10cm, 20cm and 30cm
The average trunk diameter D of this measurement was 2(R1+ R2+ R3)/3
R1, R2, R3 are radii of each part of the trunk at a certain height.
When used, the readings ∠ a is 60.0 degree, ∠ a1 is 31.0 degree, AD is 10cm (constant), AB is 20.0cm, and AC is 20.5cm
Then: r1 ═ 12.017, R2 ═ 11.363, R3 ═ 13.331; r is 24.5 cm.
In addition, for the measurement of the diameter of the tree species with a round trunk, R1, R2 and R3 are approximately equal, ∠ a- ∠ a1- ∠ a1
Then, R1 ═ R2 ═ AB ═ tan [ (1/2) × ∠ a ], trunk diameter R ═ 2R 1.
When used, the product has the readings of ∠ a 60.0 deg., AD 10cm, AB 20.0cm,
then: r1 is 23.1 cm.
A micro single chip microcomputer is installed on the shear ruler (one end without scales), length and angle data of the shear ruler are collected, a storage processing system (only 1000 groups of data) is arranged, and digital display and voice broadcast can be carried out on results.
Claims (7)
1. A diameter measuring device based on a shear ruler is characterized by comprising the shear ruler (1), a straight ruler and a protractor (4); the first end part of the straight scale is connected with a hinge point A of the shear scale, and the second end part of the straight scale is used for contacting the surface of a measured object; the measured object is cylindrical or cylindrical;
the two arms of the shear ruler are opened to clamp the measured object, and the second end of the straight ruler is contacted with the surface of the measured object;
calculating to obtain the diameter phi of the measured object based on the length of the straight ruler and the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor;
the straight ruler is a T-square (2), the T-square is a telescopic three-section type steel T-square,
the diameter phi of the measured object is 2(R1+ R2+ R3)/3;
wherein:
r1 is the radius corresponding to the contact position D of the second end of the straight ruler and the surface of the measured object;
r2 is the radius corresponding to the tangent B of the first arm of the shear ruler and the surface of the measured object;
r3 is the radius corresponding to the tangent position C of the second arm of the shear ruler and the surface of the measured object;
R1＝L1*tan(a1)；
R2＝L2*tan(a-a1)；
R3＝L1/cos(a1)-L0；
wherein L0 is the length of the straight edge from the hinge point to the second end, L1 is the length of the first arm of the shear rule from point A to point B, L2 is the length of the second arm of the shear rule from point A to point C;
a is the opening angle of the shear ruler measured by the protractor; a1 is the angle between the first arm of the shear ruler and the straight ruler.
2. A shear ruler based diameter measurement device according to claim 1 further comprising an MCU and a display screen; the protractor is an electronic protractor; the display screen and the electronic protractor are both connected with the MCU, and the display screen is used for displaying the measurement result.
3. The shear ruler-based diameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the MCU is further connected to a communication module and a positioning module.
4. The shear ruler-based diameter measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising an MCU and a display screen, wherein the protractor is an electronic protractor, the display screen and the electronic protractor are both connected with the MCU, and the display screen is used for displaying the measuring results, and the diameter measuring device further comprises a length measuring circuit used for measuring L1 and L2.
5. The shear ruler-based diameter measurement device of claim 4, wherein the length measurement circuit comprises a constant current source, a resistor string and a voltage detection circuit; the constant current source supplies power to the resistor string; the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the total voltage drop U on the actual effective resistor;
then length L n △ k U △ k/(R0I 0);
wherein n is the number of actual effective resistors, △ k is the distance between adjacent conductive spurs, R0 is the resistance value of a single resistor, and I0 is the supply current of a constant current source;
a plurality of resistors (11) which are connected in series and have the same resistance value are arranged on the inner sides of the first arm and the second arm of the shear ruler, a conductive spine (12) is arranged at the connecting point of the adjacent resistors, and the conductive spines are arranged at equal intervals; strip-shaped grounding conducting strips (13) are arranged in the first arm and the second arm.
6. A shear rule based diameter measurement device according to claim 4, wherein △ k is 2-20 mm.
7. A shear ruler-based diameter measurement device according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein a communication module and a positioning module are further connected to the MCU.
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| CN109737910A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-10 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | A kind of method of determining taper roller large end face ball basal plane maximum gauge arc position |
| CN111707167A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-09-25 | 浙江农林大学 | Method and device for measuring asymmetrical breast diameter of tree |
| CN112066925A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江农林大学 | Device and method for measuring breast diameter and height of standing tree |
| CN114018122A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 北京林业大学 | Global forest growth amount system determination method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4928392A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1990-05-29 | General Electric Company | Diameter gauge |
| JPH0278901A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1990-03-19 | Chuo Denshi Kk | Method and device for measuring external diameter of columnar body |
| CN1073762A (en) * | 1991-12-25 | 1993-06-30 | 翁炳焕 | A kind of measuring appliance of measuring immunoglobulin deposit ring diameter |
| CN1068885A (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1993-02-10 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Diameter measuring gauge and calibrate method |
| JPH0772688B2 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1995-08-02 | 中央電子株式会社 | Measuring method and measuring device for outer diameter of cylindrical body |
| CN2153038Y (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-01-12 | 徐祯祥 | Tree trunk diameter quick-measurer-open-close angle board |
| CN201259411Y (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2009-06-17 | 王启明 | Round diameter rule |
| CN202074919U (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-12-14 | 东莞信易电热机械有限公司 | External circular-arc rule |
| CN102506658A (en) * | 2011-11-05 | 2012-06-20 | 张家港海锅重型锻件有限公司 | Tool for measuring diameter of forging piece |
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