CN107974270A - A kind of pyrolysis furnace - Google Patents
A kind of pyrolysis furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN107974270A CN107974270A CN201610938106.5A CN201610938106A CN107974270A CN 107974270 A CN107974270 A CN 107974270A CN 201610938106 A CN201610938106 A CN 201610938106A CN 107974270 A CN107974270 A CN 107974270A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of pyrolysis furnace, wherein, the pyrolysis furnace includes：Convection section, the radiant section being connected with convection section, quenching boiler and drum, wherein：The convection bank being connected with the feed inlet of pyrolysis furnace is equipped with convection section, drum is arranged on the top of convection section, the furnace roof of pyrolysis furnace is equipped with the wind turbine being connected with pyrolysis furnace, multigroup radiation is equipped with radiant section to restrain, radiation tube bank includes more radiating furnace tubes, more radiating furnace tubes are arranged at intervals along the periphery of radiation tube bank, radiating furnace tube is connected with convection bank, the burner hearth bottom and burner hearth sidewall of radiant section are respectively equipped with multiple burners, and the port of export of the radiating furnace tube is connected with the quenching boiler.The pyrolysis furnace of the present invention improves the arrangement mode of radiating furnace tube, the arrangement difficulty of radiating furnace tube can be reduced and can ensure that each group of radiating furnace tube in pyrolysis furnace has identical reaction condition as far as possible, while have the advantages that the pyrolysis furnace floor space of specific productivity is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of using oxygen-enriched combustion system
Pyrolysis furnace.
Background technology
The low-carbon alkenes such as ethene, propylene and butadiene are the important foundation raw materials of petro chemical industry.At present, low-carbon is produced
The method of alkene is based on tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique.According to statistics, about 99% ethene, more than 50% in the world
Propylene and more than 90% butadiene pass through the technique productions.
The core equipment of tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique is tube cracking furnace (hereinafter referred to as " pyrolysis furnace "), cracking
When raw material such as ethane, propane, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil are heated to high temperature in pyrolysis furnace, it may occur that carbochain fracture chemistry
The purpose of reacting, generating low-carbon alkene such as ethene, propylene and butadiene product.
Since the sixties in last century, tube cracking furnace was succeeded in developing, the patent business of each pyrolysis furnace is in order to reduce construction investment
And production cost, research emphasis be placed on the maximization of pyrolysis furnace, the selectivity for improving pyrolysis furnace and product yield,
Extend cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace etc..Especially in terms of the maximization of pyrolysis furnace, separate unit pyrolysis furnace is from initial less than 10,000
Ton/year production capacity development 200,000 tons/year of production capacity by now.
During continuous maximization, traditional cracking furnace pipe arrangement can not reduce specific productivity
Floor space, this brings obstacle for the maximization of pyrolysis furnace.
How the boiler tube that currently research to pyrolysis furnace is mostly concentrated in pyrolysis furnace radiant section arranges to ensure that boiler tube exists
More arrangements preferably obtain radiant heat transfer at the same time in burner hearth so that the material in boiler tube can be fast within the extremely short residence time
Speed heating.But it arranges that pipe row anyway is within some plane or two vertically within interactive planes, stove
Pipe is still the phenomenon of linear distribution, import boiler tube and outlet boiler tube there are arranged crosswise.
Boiler tube pipe row be arranged in approximately the same plane, for the widely applied two-way boiler tube in pyrolysis furnace, it is necessary to
Its inlet tube and outlet are attached, and each group of boiler tube can be undoubtedly brought (by an inlet tube in same plane arrangement
Formed with outlet) cross one another, so as to cause the length of each group of boiler tube or structure inconsistent, formed between boiler tube
Minute differences in structure, and then influence the reaction of cracking stock in boiler tube.
In terms of the heat transfer angle of pyrolysis furnace, in the burner hearth of pyrolysis furnace, fuel gas (mainly methane and hydrogen) burning provides
Heat, these heats enter boiler tube by radiant heat transfer and convection current heat transfer.Usual pyrolysis furnace is all using the mixed of fuel gas and air
Combination burning provides the heat needed for cracking reaction.Traditional pyrolysis furnace generally uses air as combustion-supporting gas, burned
Cheng Zhong, the burning velocity of fuel gas is slower, and combustion flame is longer, in the short transverse of cracking burner hearth, curved point of fire box temperature
Cloth, few in burner hearth bottom heating load, then heating load is most in the middle part of burner hearth, and upper furnace heating load starts to reduce.For multi-way stove
The pyrolysis furnace of pipe, since its residence time is longer, the contradiction between burner hearth heat supply and boiler tube heat absorption does not protrude still, for one way stove
Pipe, this contradiction just highlights, and in the arrival end of boiler tube, material continues to be rapidly heated, and continues substantial amounts of heat, but traditional
The bottom heating load of combustion system is less；And sharply increased in coil outlet end, the coking rate of material, it is necessary to control secondary counter
The generation answered, but the middle and upper part heating load of conventional combustion systems starts to reach maximum.That is, in combustion system and one way
There are the problem of a matching between boiler tube.
From the point of view of pyrolysis furnace burner hearth, the heat that cracking furnace tube reaction needs all is provided by burner hearth, in pyrolysis furnace
Burner hearth in, fuel gas (mainly methane and hydrogen) burning provides heat, these heats by radiant heat transfer and convection current conduct heat into
Enter boiler tube, wherein radiant heat transfer is main heat transfer type, accounts for more than the 85% of total heat transfer.And pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace
Influenced be subject to Various Complex factor, the structure snd size of such as burner hearth, the species of fuel and heat-supplying mode, the species of burner
Deng.Pyrolysis furnace traditional at present uses the furnace wall of ceramic fibre or refractory brick as pyrolysis furnace, the height to be burnt using fuel gas
The radiant heat transfer of warm flue gas and furnace wall heats the reaction mass in pyrolysis furnace radiating furnace tube, and the furnace wall of pyrolysis furnace is all adopted
With smooth furnace wall structure, for the angle of radiant heat transfer, the intake section and outlet of the radiation of pyrolysis furnace furnace wall to boiler tube
What part was just as.
Current pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace process has following two, first, pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace area is insufficient,
Pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace process is mainly radiant heat transfer；Second, pyrolysis furnace furnace wall radiant heat transfer for boiler tube pipe row for without any
It is consistent no matter the furnace wall of difference, i.e. pyrolysis furnace arranges its heat transfer area for inlet tube row or outlet, big for heat flux
Region and the small region of heat flux similarly, this can cause pyrolysis furnace local heating uneven, so as to cause boiler tube local temperature
It is excessive, reduce the cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace.
To solve the above problems, it is necessary to propose a kind of new pyrolysis furnace.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of pyrolysis furnace, its is simple in structure, by improving the arrangement mode of radiating furnace tube, realizes reduction
The difficulty of pyrolysis furnace floor space and the radiating furnace tube arrangement of specific productivity can simultaneously make each group of boiler tube keep same
The configuration of sample, so that ensure that each group of boiler tube possesses same reaction condition as far as possible in pyrolysis furnace, while the pyrolysis furnace uses
Oxygen-enriched combustion system and the structure for improving radiant section furnace wall, can effectively reduce the consumption of fuel in combustion system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of pyrolysis furnace, wherein, the pyrolysis furnace includes：Convection section, with it is described
Radiant section, quenching boiler and the drum that convection section is connected, wherein：
The convection bank being connected with the feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with the convection section, the drum is arranged on described
The top of convection section, the furnace roof of the pyrolysis furnace are equipped with the wind turbine being connected with the pyrolysis furnace；
It is equipped with multigroup radiation in the radiant section to restrain, the radiation tube bank includes more radiating furnace tubes, the more spokes
Penetrate boiler tube to be arranged at intervals along the periphery of the radiation tube bank, the radiating furnace tube is connected with the convection bank, the radiation
The burner hearth bottom and burner hearth sidewall of section are respectively equipped with multiple burners；
The port of export of the radiating furnace tube is connected with the quenching boiler.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, the inner surface of the furnace wall of the radiant section is in corrugated surface shape or equipped with protrusion.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, the burner is using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, the volume fraction of oxygen is 22%~60% in the oxygen-enriched air
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, it is characterised in that the circular in cross-section or ellipse of the more radiation tube banks, institute
It is one way boiler tube or multi-way boiler tube to state radiating furnace tube.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, the one way boiler tube is straight tube or the one way boiler tube is that its arrival end is less than
The diffuser of the port of export.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, tube spacing and the one way pipe between adjacent two one way pipes
Internal diameter ratio be 1.2~3.0.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, the multi-way pipe is two-way boiler tube, and the two-way boiler tube includes an outlet
At least a root entry pipe, the arrival end of the inlet tube are connected with the convection bank, the port of export of the inlet tube with
The arrival end of the outlet is connected, and the port of export of the outlet is connected with the quenching boiler.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, the diameter ratio of the internal diameter of the outlet and the inlet tube is 1~1.4.
Pyrolysis furnace as described above, wherein, tube spacing and the internal diameter ratio of the outlet between adjacent two outlets
It is worth for 1.2~5.0, the internal diameter ratio of the tube spacing between adjacent two root entries pipe and the inlet tube is 1.2~5.0.
The pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is simple in structure, and pyrolysis furnace of the invention improves the arrangement mode of radiating furnace tube, can reduce
It the arrangement difficulty of radiating furnace tube and can ensure that each group of radiating furnace tube in pyrolysis furnace has identical reaction condition as far as possible, have
There is identical reaction condition beneficial to cracking reaction, while have the advantages that the pyrolysis furnace floor space of specific productivity is small.
Further, pyrolysis furnace of the invention is improved the furnace wall inner surface of radiant section, can increase the biography of burner hearth
Hot area, and strengthen the diabatic process of pyrolysis furnace, the also effective cycle of operation for extending pyrolysis furnace.
Further, which uses oxygen-enriched combustion system, can reduce the discharge capacity of flue gas and reduce disappearing for fuel
Consumption.
Brief description of the drawings
Attached drawing described here is only used for task of explanation, and is not intended in any way to limit model disclosed by the invention
Enclose.In addition, shape and proportional sizes of each component in figure etc. are only schematical, the understanding of the present invention is used to help, and
It is not the specific shape and proportional sizes for limiting each component of the present invention.Those skilled in the art under the teachings of the present invention, can
To select various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the present invention as the case may be.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of 1-1 types two-way boiler tube of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of 2-1 types two-way boiler tube of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of one way boiler tube of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of two radiation tube banks of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of four radiation tube banks of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of ellipse radiation tube bank of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the top view of traditional boiler tube arrangement pyrolysis furnace；
Fig. 9 is the structure diagram of the furnace wall protrusion of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the description of attached drawing and the specific embodiment of the invention, details of the invention can be clearly understood.But
It is the embodiment of invention described herein, is only used for explaining the purpose of the present invention, and cannot understands in any way
Into being limitation of the present invention.Under the teachings of the present invention, technical staff is contemplated that any possible change based on the present invention
Shape, these are regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The vertical view of the structure diagram of pyrolysis furnace respectively of the invention Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, the pyrolysis furnace of 1-1 type two-way boiler tubes
Figure, the top view of pyrolysis furnace of 2-1 type two-way boiler tubes, the top view of pyrolysis furnace of one way boiler tube, the cracking of two radiation tube banks
The top view for the pyrolysis furnace that the top view of stove, four radiation are restrained, the top view of the pyrolysis furnace of ellipse radiation tube bank, traditional burner
The top view of pipe arrangement pyrolysis furnace；The structure diagram of furnace wall protrusion.
As shown in Figure 1, the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention includes：Convection section 1, the radiant section 2 being connected with convection section 1, chilling pot
Stove 3 and drum (or being HP steam drum, not shown in figure), wherein：It is equipped with convection section 1 and is connected with the feed inlet of pyrolysis furnace
Convection bank (convection bank not shown in figure), drum is arranged on the top of convection section 1, and the furnace roof of pyrolysis furnace is equipped with and cracking
The wind turbine 4 that stove is connected；
Multigroup radiation is equipped with radiant section 2 and restrains 21, radiation tube bank 21 includes more radiating furnace tubes 22, more radiating furnace tubes
22 are arranged at intervals along the peripheries of radiation tube bank 2, and radiating furnace tube 22 is connected with the convection bank, the burner hearth bottom of radiant section 2 with
Burner hearth sidewall is respectively equipped with multiple burners 5 (combustion system for forming pyrolysis furnace), the port of export and the chilling pot of radiating furnace tube 22
Stove 3 is connected.
Specifically, in the present invention, radiation tube bank 21 is arranged in the centre of burner hearth, at the burner hearth bottom of radiation 21 surroundings of tube bank
Portion and burner hearth sidewall symmetry arrangement are equipped with burner 5, and in one embodiment, the cross section of the more radiation tube banks 21 is in
Circular or ellipse, each group of radiating furnace tube 22 that radiation is restrained in 21 are evenly distributed on centered on radiating 21 centers of restraining
On circular or oval contour, in several combustion bottom burners 51 of each radiation 21 center arrangements of tube bank, combustion bottom burner 51
Also it is that the burner 5 being arranged on burner hearth bottom restrains the burner 5 at 21 centers positioned at radiation.
Further, the inner surface of furnace wall 6 of the invention is using special-shaped furnace wall structure 61, so as to increase Radiative heat transfer in furnace
Area, strengthens the diabatic process of pyrolysis furnace, specifically, special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 is for corrugated surface shape or equipped with raised (living to become
Raised tunnel formation) etc. pattern, in the present invention, in the direction of special-shaped furnace wall framework 61 and pyrolysis furnace the side of 2 flue gas of radiant section
To consistent, so as to reduce due to the increase of flue gas pressure drop caused by furnace wall abnormally-structured 61.
In the present invention, in the pyrolysis furnace abnormally-structured furnace wall 61 arrangement, it is more according to pyrolysis furnace radiant heat transfer
The principle of intake section of the radiating furnace tube 22 for being transmitted to pyrolysis furnace be arranged.I.e. in the intake section and pyrolysis furnace of pyrolysis furnace
Radiating furnace tube 22 the same height of exit portion furnace wall 6 on it is all or part of using special-shaped furnace wall structure 61, the part
The radiating surface of furnace wall 6 towards the radiating furnace tube 22 of pyrolysis furnace intake section, accelerate cracking stock inlet cracking reaction,
The calorific intensity of the exit portion of cracking furnace tube is reduced, will so reduce the highest tube wall temperature of the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace, i.e.,
Avoid pyrolysis furnace local heating uneven, so that the excessive generation of boiler tube local temperature is caused, so as to be conducive to pyrolysis furnace long period
Operation.
Further, the perpendicular perspective plane of actual surface area that swept area increment rate is special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 is defined
The ratio of product when plane furnace wall (i.e.).In the present invention, the swept area increment rate of the special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 for 1.05~
1.4, it is preferred that the swept area increment rate of special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 is 1.1~1.3.
In one embodiment, the area of special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 account for the ratio of total furnace wall area of radiant section for 10~
80%, it is preferred that ratio is 30~60%.
In general, special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 does not use in the range of the flame height of cracking burner 5, reason is
It is related to the troubled water of its fuel gas and air to crack the combustion position of the flame of burner 5, if high in the flame
Used in the range of degree using special-shaped furnace wall structure 61, it will the mixing of fuel gas and air is influenced, so as to influence flame just
Normal shape, and then the heat flux distribution of change burning system, influence the operation of pyrolysis furnace.
Specifically, in the present invention, radiation tube bank 21 is made of 4-20 groups radiating furnace tube 22, it is preferred that radiation tube bank 21
It is made of 6 to 12 group radiating furnace tubes 22, in an embodiment, radiating furnace tube 22 is restrained apart from radiation in radiation tube bank 21
The scope of 21 centre distances is：350mm to 1500mm.Preferably, radiating furnace tube 22 is apart from the centre distance of radiation tube bank 21
Scope is：400mm to 1200mm.
Further, the radiating furnace tube 22 is one way boiler tube or multi-way boiler tube, wherein, one way boiler tube and multi-way boiler tube
It is defined as it is known to those skilled in the art that details are not described herein.
In the present invention, the gradual change of the caliber gradual change of one way boiler tube for straight tube (i.e. not reducer pipe) or from the inlet to the outlet
Manage in footpath.In the present embodiment, diffuser is that the arrival end spout diameter of gradually reducer pipe is less than the diffuser of port of export spout diameter,
Specifically, in the present invention, the scope of the arrival end spout diameter of the gradually reducer pipe is：25mm to 50mm, preferably entrance
Holding the scope of spout diameter is：35mm to 45mm；The scope of the port of export spout diameter of the gradually reducer pipe is：35mm is extremely
65mm, the scope of preferably port of export spout diameter are：45mm to 60mm.Certainly, the caliber of one way pipe also can be according to pyrolysis furnace
Size makes corresponding adjustment, i.e. the caliber of one way pipe can also use other sizes, be not particularly limited herein.
Further, in the present invention, one way boiler tube boiler tube spacing and boiler tube when being arranged during radiation is restrained is straight
The ratio in footpath is：1.2-3.0, it is preferred that the one way boiler tube boiler tube spacing and boiler tube diameter when being arranged during radiation is restrained
Ratio be：1.6-2.2.Inventor has found to be more advantageous to the generation of cracking reaction using the Proportionality design, while helps to prolong
The cycle of operation of long pyrolysis furnace.
In one embodiment, the multi-way boiler tube is two-way boiler tube, and the two-way boiler tube includes 8 He of outlet
An at least root entry pipe 9, the arrival end of the inlet tube 9 are connected with the convection bank, the port of export of inlet tube 9 and outlet
The arrival end of pipe 8 is connected, and the port of export of inlet tube 9 can be connected with the arrival end of outlet 8 using bend pipe, also may be used certainly
Connected using other modes, be not particularly limited herein, and the port of export of the outlet 9 is connected with the quenching boiler 3.
In one embodiment, in the two-way boiler tube, the first journey is a vertical inlet tube 9, and the second journey is
A piece vertical outlet 8, forms a 1-1 type radiating furnace tube.In another embodiment, or the first journey is flat for two
The vertical inlet tube 9 of row, the second journey is a vertical outlet 8, and two parallel vertical inlet tubes 9 are connected with vertical outlet 8
It is logical, a 2-1 type radiating furnace tube is formed, certainly in the two-way boiler tube, the first journey is that (n is positive integer and is not less than n roots
3) vertical inlet tube 9, the second journey is a vertical outlet 8, and the vertical inlet tube 9 of n roots is connected with vertical outlet 8 respectively,
A n-1 type radiating furnace tube is formed, wherein, the number of n is not particularly limited herein.
Further, the outlet bore of the two-way boiler tube and the scope of the ratio between the entrance bore are 1~1.4
(including 1.4), so as to be more advantageous to the progress of cracking reaction.
In an embodiment, the scope of the entrance bore of the two-way boiler tube is：25mm to 60mm.It is preferred that
The scope of entrance bore is：35mm to 55mm；The scope of the outlet bore of the two-way boiler tube is：45mm to 120mm.
It is preferred that the scope of port of export spout diameter is：55mm to 95mm.
Further, two-way boiler tube boiler tube spacing and ratio of boiler tube diameter when being arranged during radiation is restrained is：
1.2-5.0, it is preferred that the two-way boiler tube boiler tube spacing and ratio of boiler tube diameter when being arranged during radiation is restrained are：
1.6-3.0, boiler tube herein include inlet tube 9 and outlet 8.
Certainly, the multi-way boiler tube is alternatively three journey boiler tubes, quadruple pass boiler tube, five journey boiler tubes or more three journey boiler tube of journey.Three
The design method of journey boiler tube be between the inlet tube 9 and outlet 8 of two-way boiler tube be equipped with one among boiler tube, middle boiler tube with
Inlet tube 9 is parallel with outlet 8, and middle boiler tube connects inlet tube 9 with outlet 8, forms three journey boiler tubes in the present invention,
The design method of quadruple pass boiler tube or more journey boiler tube is similar with the design method of three journey boiler tubes, no longer specifically repeats herein.
Further, in the present invention, the combustion system of pyrolysis furnace only have combustion bottom burner or by combustion bottom burner and
Radiant wall burner forms, wherein, combustion bottom burner is the burner 5 of burner hearth bottom, and radiant wall burner is the burning of burner hearth sidewall
Device 5, further, in the present embodiment, the heat supply ratio of combustion bottom burner is 60%~100%, is preferably 70~85%, from
And contribute to the generation of cracking reaction.
In the present invention, the combustion system of pyrolysis furnace is using including but not limited to methane or methane, hydrogen mixture conduct
Fuel, using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas, specifically, in the present embodiment, the oxygen-enriched air concentration for 25~
40% (volume fraction), is preferably 27-33% (volume fraction), wherein, shown oxygen-enriched air is oozed using pressure-variable adsorption or film
Saturating method obtains.So as to fulfill it is following a little：With more advantages：One is due to the main side that radiation heat transfer is pyrolysis furnace heat transfer
Formula, the characteristics of according to gas radiation, only three atomic gas and polyatomic gas have radianting capacity, and diatomic gas does not almost have
Have radianting capacity, regular air it is combustion-supporting in the case of, the nitrogen proportion of radiationless ability is very high, and the blackness of flue gas is very low,
It has impact on the radiant heat transfer process that flue gas arranges boiler tube pipe.Using oxygenized air combustion supporting, because nitrogen content is few, air capacity and flue gas
Amount substantially reduces, therefore flame temperature and blackness are significantly improved with the increase of oxygen proportion in combustion air, and then improves
Fire Radiation intensity and reinforcing radiant heat transfer；Second, using oxygenized air combustion supporting, burned flame shortens, and combustion intensity improves,
Increased flame speeds, so will be helpful to that combustion reaction is complete, improve the service efficiency of fuel, and then improve the thermal effect of pyrolysis furnace
Rate；Third, using oxygenized air combustion supporting, excess air coefficient can be suitably reduced, smoke evacuation volume is reduced, reduces the cigarette after burning
Tolerance, and then flue gas loss is reduced, promote the energy saving of pyrolysis furnace.
Further, enhanced heat transfer component is used in the radiating furnace tube 22 of the radiant section 2, enhanced heat transfer component can be with
It is various known or not known elements, such as flight plug-in part, twisted strip plug-in part, intersects zigzag plug-in part, coil core
Plug-in part, around filigree porous body, pellet base plug-in part etc., in favor of heat transfer.It can also add respectively in the different piece of boiler tube
Enter different enhanced heat transfer components.So as to increase heat transfer efficiency, the difference of crack reacting condition in radiating furnace tube 22 is advantageously reduced
Different degree.
The cracking process of pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is as follows：The entrance of raw material (such as naphtha) through pyrolysis furnace enters convection section 1
Convection bank, convection bank also include more convection coils, i.e., into convection coil, the corresponding all-radiant furnace of convection coil
Pipe is connected, and naphtha into the radiating furnace tube 22 of radiant section 2 crack anti-after convection section 1 is gasified and preheated
Should, the combustion system of radiant section 2 is using combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner combination, the heat supply ratio of combustion bottom burner
80%, burner 5 uses oxygen-enriched combusting, and burner combustion produces high-temperature flue gas, and high-temperature flue gas is to the stone brain in radiating furnace tube 22
Oil carries out radiant heating, naphtha is carried out cracking reaction in radiating furnace tube 22, and naphtha is passed through in 22 cracking of radiating furnace tube
Enter afterwards in quenching boiler 3 and be cooled, obtain intermediate products, low-carbon alkene production then is finally obtained to intermediate products separation again
Product, wherein, when using one way boiler tube for radiating furnace tube 22, radiating furnace tube 22 uses bottom in and top out, if radiating furnace tube 22 uses
During two-way boiler tube, radiating furnace tube 22 uses to be gone out on enterprising, and the burning gases of radiant section 2 radiate the naphtha in radiating furnace tube 22
After heating, into convection section 1, the naphtha in convection bank that is used in convection section 1 in convection section 1 carry out gasification and
Preheating, in the portion of convection section, burning gas temperature reduces, and steam condensation, condensate liquid enters HP steam drum, and wind turbine 4 is by low temperature
Flue gas is taken away, so that the flue gas of high temperature enters in convection section 1.
The present invention pyrolysis furnace improve radiating furnace tube arrangement mode, can reduce radiating furnace tube arrangement difficulty and can
Ensure that each group of radiating furnace tube in pyrolysis furnace has identical reaction condition as far as possible, be conducive to cracking reaction have it is identical anti-
Condition is answered, while has the advantages that the pyrolysis furnace floor space of specific productivity is small.
A specific embodiment of the present invention in embodiment is contrasted with existing pyrolysis furnace, i.e., hereinafter
Embodiment one is contrasted with comparative example one, to verify advantages of the present invention.
Embodiment one
Cracking reaction is carried out using the pyrolysis furnace shown in Fig. 1.Detailed process includes：
Radiating furnace tube 22 of 60 DEG C of the naphtha into radiant section 2 after convection section 1 is gasified and preheated is carried out
Cracking reaction, the combustion system of radiant section 2 is using combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner combination, the heat supply of combustion bottom burner
Ratio is 80%；Burner 5 uses oxygen-enriched combusting, and oxygen concentration is 30% (volume fraction).Naphtha is preheated in convection section 1
Temperature, that is, pyrolysis furnace is 590 DEG C across temperature (XOT), and 2 outlet temperature of radiant section (COT) of pyrolysis furnace is 830 DEG C, radiant section
2 radiating furnace tube 22 uses one way boiler tube, and the entrance caliber of boiler tube is 41mm, and the outlet caliber of boiler tube is 53mm, boiler tube pipe range
For 12.8m, boiler tube uses bottom in and top out.The mode of boiler tube arrangement radiating furnace tube of the invention as shown in Figure 4 is arranged.Pyrolysis furnace
Other technological parameters it is as shown in table 1, learnt by carrying out analysis to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, the composition such as table of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas
Shown in 2.For pyrolysis furnace furnace wall 6 using the furnace wall 6 shown in Fig. 9, the special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 in burner hearth is located at the one of the height of burner hearth
More than half, the radiating surface of special-shaped furnace wall structure 61 is against radiating furnace tube intake section, and COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, radiant heat transfer area is compared to flat
Face furnace wall adds 10%.
Table 1
| Run time | Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 1 |
| Inventory (kg/H) | 35000 | 35000 |
| Dilution steam generation amount (kg/H) | 17500 | 17500 |
| Fuel tolerance (Nm3/h) | 6795 | 7050 |
| XOT(℃) | 590 | 590 |
| COT(℃) | 830 | 830 |
| Radiant section inlet pressure XOP (Mpa, G) | 0.0972 | 0.0972 |
| Radiant section outlet pressure COP (Mpa, G) | 0.0783 | 0.0783 |
| The cycle of operation (day) (1100 DEG C of TMT up to) | 37 | 31 |
| Pyrolysis furnace floor space (100KTA) (m2) | 32 | 63 |
Table 2
| Component | Mol% |
| Hydrogen | 3.6 |
| Methane | 95.8 |
| Ethane | 0. |
| Propane | 0.08 |
| Other | 0.29 |
| It is total | 100.00 |
Comparative example 1
Cracking reaction is carried out using the pyrolysis furnace shown in Fig. 1.Detailed process includes：
60 DEG C of naphtha is subjected to cracking reaction after convection section 2 is gasified and preheated into radiant coil 3,
The combustion system of radiant section 5 uses combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner combination, and the heat supply ratio of combustion bottom burner is
80%；Temperature, that is, pyrolysis furnace that naphtha is preheated in convection section is 590 DEG C across temperature (XOT), and the radiant section of pyrolysis furnace goes out
Mouthful temperature (COT) is 830 DEG C, and radiant coil 3 uses one way boiler tube, and the entrance caliber of boiler tube is 41mm, the outlet of boiler tube
Footpath is 53mm, and boiler tube pipe range is 12.8m, and boiler tube uses bottom in and top out, and boiler tube arrangement is arranged using traditional approach as shown in Figure 8.
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 1, learnt by carrying out analysis to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, the group of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas
Into as shown in table 2.
As it can be seen from table 1 after being arranged using new boiler tube, due to the preferred arrangement of boiler tube, the floor space of pyrolysis furnace
From the 63m from comparative example2It is reduced to the 32m of embodiment2；Simultaneously as the preferred arrangement of boiler tube, diabatic process are more uniformly closed
Reason.After special-shaped furnace wall structure 61, the radiant heat transfer area increase of burner hearth, after oxygen-enriched combusting, reduces air excess
Coefficient, therefore the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace reduces, from the 7050Nm of comparative example3/ h is reduced to 6795Nm3/ h, fuel gas saving
About 3.62%, increase due to recepting the caloric in boiler tube arrival end cracking reaction, calorific intensity relative reduction at coil outlet end,
So as to cause the reduction of pyrolysis furnace highest tube wall temperature, the pyrolysis furnace cycle of operation extends.Integrate cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace from
31 days of comparative example extend to 37 days.
I.e. pyrolysis furnace of the invention improves the arrangement mode of radiating furnace tube, can reduce the arrangement difficulty and energy of radiating furnace tube
It is enough to ensure that each group of radiating furnace tube in pyrolysis furnace has identical reaction condition as far as possible, be conducive to cracking reaction with identical
Reaction condition, while have the advantages that the pyrolysis furnace floor space of specific productivity is small.
Although by reference to preferred embodiment, invention has been described, is not departing from the situation of the scope of the present invention
Under, various improvement can be carried out to it and component therein can be replaced with equivalent.Especially, to be rushed as long as there is no structure
Prominent, items technical characteristic mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way.The invention is not limited in text
Disclosed in specific embodiment, but all technical solutions including falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pyrolysis furnace, it is characterised in that the pyrolysis furnace includes：Convection section, the radiant section being connected with the convection section,
Quenching boiler and drum, wherein：
The convection bank being connected with the feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with the convection section, the drum is arranged on the convection current
The top of section, the furnace roof of the pyrolysis furnace are equipped with the wind turbine being connected with the pyrolysis furnace；
It is equipped with multigroup radiation in the radiant section to restrain, the radiation tube bank includes more radiating furnace tubes, the more all-radiant furnaces
Pipe is arranged at intervals along the periphery of the radiation tube bank, and the radiating furnace tube is connected with the convection bank, the radiant section
Burner hearth bottom and burner hearth sidewall are respectively equipped with multiple burners；
The port of export of the radiating furnace tube is connected with the quenching boiler.
2. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the inner surface of the furnace wall of the radiant section is in corrugated surface shape
Or equipped with protrusion.
3. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the burner is using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas
Body.
4. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that in the oxygen-enriched air volume fraction of oxygen for 22%~
60%.
5. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the circular in cross-section or ellipse of the more radiation tube banks
Shape, the radiating furnace tube are one way boiler tube or multi-way boiler tube.
6. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the one way boiler tube is straight tube or the one way boiler tube is it
Arrival end is less than the diffuser of the port of export.
7. the pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that tube spacing between adjacent two one way pipes with
The ratio of the internal diameter of the one way pipe is 1.2~3.0.
8. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the multi-way pipe is two-way boiler tube, the two-way boiler tube bag
Include an outlet and at least a root entry pipe, the arrival end of the inlet tube are connected with the convection bank, the entrance
The port of export of pipe is connected with the arrival end of the outlet, and the port of export of the outlet is connected with the quenching boiler.
9. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the diameter ratio of the internal diameter of the outlet and the inlet tube
It is worth for 1~1.4.
10. pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterised in that tube spacing between adjacent two outlets with it is described
The internal diameter ratio of outlet is 1.2~5.0, and the tube spacing and the internal diameter ratio of the inlet tube between adjacent two root entries pipe are
1.2~5.0.
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| CN107974268A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of pyrolysis furnace |
| CN107974269A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of pyrolysis furnace |
| CN111019688A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low-carbon olefin cracking equipment and cracking method |
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| CN107974270B (en) | 2020-02-18 |
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