CN107963783B - Sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and process - Google Patents
Sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and process Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
A sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and process is composed of substrate pool, dissolving pool (optional), anaerobic digestion pool and membrane separation poolThe sewage treatment system is constructed in the three parts, and the equipment power system is constructed by 3 peristaltic pumps and a time control device. The actual operation result shows that when the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of the system is set to be 8h, the COD and the SS can be effectively removed simultaneously, and the biodegradable surfactant, the cellulose, the lignin and the like can be effectively degraded. In addition, under the operating condition, the sludge yield is very low, more than 86 percent of COD can be converted into methane, and the yield can reach 0.3L of CH4(ii)/gCOD. The device can achieve high biogas yield under the condition of effectively treating urban sewage, and the effluent has the potential of recovering phosphorus elements or being used as a biological fertilizer after further treatment, so that the device is a novel sewage treatment process which is low-carbon and environment-friendly and can achieve resource recovery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and a sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment process.
Background
In the past decade, the urban sewage treatment rate in China is rapidly improved. By the end of 2015, 91.90% was reached, with 95% expected in 2020. However, with the increasing demand for sustainable development of the environment, the problems of the conventional sewage treatment mode mainly based on aerobic treatment are gradually recognized and paid attention to by various social circles. Admittedly, the aerobic biological treatment process plays an important role in treating urban domestic sewage and improving urban water environment in China in the past period of time, but the defect of the conventional aerobic biological treatment is more and more prominent under the current large environment in which low carbon, environmental protection and resource recycling are pursued.
The traditional aerobic sewage treatment process not only consumes a large amount of energy in the sewage treatment process, but also produces more excess sludge, and can cause secondary pollution to the environment if the treatment is improper. In addition, potential available energy and resources in the wastewater are also overlooked. People have to review the development process of the sewage treatment process again, evaluate a reasonable urban sewage treatment method, seek a new development direction, and construct a more reasonable and feasible urban sewage treatment resource and energy technology.
The anaerobic treatment technology has low energy consumption, is green and environment-friendly, and receives attention of people again, but the urban domestic sewage treated by the anaerobic biotechnology only has the defects of too low organic load, obvious temperature influence on treatment efficiency, serious sludge loss, low energy recovery rate and the like. Anaerobic treatment devices have been developed today, and third generation anaerobic treatment devices, represented by anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) devices, have been touted for their higher efficiency and energy saving features. The technology connects the anaerobic treatment device and the membrane separation device in series, separates two originally coupled parameters of sludge retention time and hydraulic retention time, increases organic matter load by reducing hydraulic retention time, ensures enough sludge retention for microbial proliferation by membrane interception, well remedies the problem of insufficient microbial biomass caused by serious sludge loss of the anaerobic bioreactor, and can improve the organic matter recycling efficiency of a reaction system. The removal efficiency of COD is generally taken as a group important index in the process of managing urban sewage by an AnMBR device, the biodegradation utilization of difficult-to-biodegrade substances such as cellulose, lignin, surfactants and the like in the sewage is rarely considered, and the full degradation of pollutants and the recovery of full resources are not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and a sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment process, which can well degrade conventional pollutants in municipal sewage, realize high degradation on substances difficult to biodegrade and achieve high resource recovery efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a wastewater anaerobic membrane biological treatment system comprising:
the matrix pool 1 is used for storing a matrix to be reacted and is provided with a temperature control device; the capacity can be comprehensively considered according to the flow and the matrix preparation period.
The anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 mainly completes methanogenesis digestion and realizes solid-liquid separation through a membrane separation device, and comprises an anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 and a membrane component 32 which are arranged in the tank, wherein the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 receives a substrate to be reacted from the substrate tank 1, the membrane component 32 is immersed in digestive juice, and gas generated by reaction is circulated through a diaphragm pump 33 and is used for flushing pollutants on the surface of the component 32.
A first pump 11 and a first timer 12 are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the substrate pool 1 and the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31, one part of gas generated by reaction in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 realizes circulation, and the other part is delivered outside after passing through a meter 34; a water outlet pipeline of the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 is provided with a pressure sensor 35, a timer III 36 and a pump III 37; the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 is connected with a water bath device 5.
The system of the present invention may further comprise:
and the dissolving tank 2 is connected in parallel to the water supply pipelines of the matrix tank 1 and the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 and is used for further mixing and dissolving the matrix with higher content of particulate matters to realize uniform water inlet, and a second timer 21 and a second pump 22 are arranged on the water outlet pipeline of the dissolving tank 2.
The pumps form a power device of the invention, the pump I11 mainly conveys the substrate in the substrate pool 1 to the next device and is provided with a timer I12, and the water inlet time is adjusted according to different hydraulic retention time; the second pump 22 is mainly used for adding the fully dissolved and uniformly mixed matrix into the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3, is provided with a second timer 21, and adjusts the water inlet time according to different hydraulic retention time; the third pump 37 is mainly used for discharging water after membrane separation out of the system, is provided with a third timer 36, adjusts the water outlet time according to different hydraulic retention times, and runs for 1min and stops for 1min by taking HRT8h as an example.
The dissolving tank 2 is not an essential part, and if the content of the particles in the feed water is not high, the feed water can be directly fed from the matrix tank 1 to the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3.
In the membrane module 32, the membrane aperture is 0.2 μm, the volume of the reaction tank is 6L, and the total area of the membrane is 0.116m2. In practical application, the sizes of the reaction device and the membrane module can be properly adjusted according to the situation.
The membrane assembly 32 is an immersed flat membrane device, the membrane assembly 32 is longitudinally fixed in the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3), and is wholly immersed in the mixed liquid, so that the power consumption is saved.
The invention also provides a sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment process based on the sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system, which is suitable for treating sewage/wastewater with relatively low COD (chemical oxygen demand) such as municipal sewage and the like, and comprises the following steps:
storing a substrate to be reacted in a substrate pool 1, and keeping the temperature at 4 ℃ by using a temperature control device so as to ensure the stability of the substrate;
the substrate to be reacted is conveyed to the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3, anaerobic reaction is realized by using the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31, and relative separation of hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time is realized by the membrane component 32, so that the organic matter load is improved, and part of biogas generated by the reaction is recycled for flushing pollutants on the membrane surface and delaying membrane pollution.
When the hydraulic retention time is less than or equal to 16h, the removal rate of COD and SS can be high, and when HRT is 8h, the effective treatment of sewage can be realized, the methane yield is high, and the output of excess sludge can be well controlled. Specifically, when the HRT is 8h, less than 4% of organic matters in the inlet water COD are used for microorganism proliferation, and the sludge output of the system is greatly reduced.
The biogas is 2.6m3/m2Is cycled again at a constant speed.
And monitoring the transmembrane pressure in real time in the reaction process, pausing the reaction when the transmembrane pressure is more than 30kPa, and taking out the membrane component 32 for cleaning.
When the content of the particulate matters in the matrix to be reacted is higher than 20g/L, the matrix to be reacted is firstly sent into the dissolving tank 2 for further mixing and dissolving, and then sent into the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3.
Compared with the prior art, the hydraulic control device has a simple structure, and can control the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic digestion device by adjusting the operation parameters of the pump. The operation result shows that the device not only can effectively remove easily degradable organic matters in the sewage in a certain hydraulic retention time, but also has good degradation and removal effects on the cellulose, caffeine, lignin, surfactant and other substances which are difficult to biodegrade, and has considerable biogas yield, thereby being a simulation process which can be used as relevant research in a laboratory and having practical application and popularization prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the effect of artificial synthetic wastewater treatment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of COD conversion and methane production efficiency using the process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the degradation effect (hydraulic retention time of 8 hours) of the hardly-degradable substances (cellulose and lignin) by the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system, comprising:
the matrix pool 1 is used for storing a matrix to be reacted and is provided with a temperature control device; the capacity can be comprehensively considered according to the flow and the matrix preparation period.
And the dissolving tank 2 is connected in parallel to the water supply pipelines of the matrix tank 1 and the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 and is used for further mixing and dissolving the matrix with higher content of particulate matters to realize uniform water inlet, and a second timer 21 and a second pump 22 are arranged on the water outlet pipeline of the dissolving tank 2.
The anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 mainly completes methanogenesis digestion and realizes solid-liquid separation through a membrane separation device, and comprises an anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 and a membrane component 32 which are arranged in the tank, wherein the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 receives a substrate to be reacted from the substrate tank 1, the membrane component 32 is immersed in digestive juice, and gas generated by reaction is circulated through a diaphragm pump 33 and is used for flushing pollutants on the surface of the component 32.
A first pump 11 and a first timer 12 are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the substrate pool 1 and the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31, one part of gas generated by reaction in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 realizes circulation, and the other part is sent out after passing through a meter 34; a water outlet pipeline of the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 is provided with a pressure sensor 35, a third timer 36 and a third pump 37; the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3 is connected with a water bath device 5.
The pumps form a power device of the invention, the pump I11 mainly conveys the substrate in the substrate pool 1 to the next device and is provided with a timer I12, and the water inlet time is adjusted according to different hydraulic retention time; the second pump 22 is mainly used for adding the fully dissolved and uniformly mixed matrix into the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank 3, is provided with a second timer 21, and adjusts the water inlet time according to different hydraulic retention time; the third pump 37 is mainly used for discharging water after membrane separation out of the system, is provided with a third timer 36, adjusts the water outlet time according to different hydraulic retention times, and runs for 1min and stops for 1min by taking HRT8h as an example.
The corresponding treatment process is implemented as follows:
the first step is as follows: setting initial hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time so as to determine organic matter load according to the composition of the matrix;
the second step is that: setting the operation parameters of the first pump 11, the second pump 22 and the third pump 37 according to the set hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time, and determining the air flow of the diaphragm pump 33 according to the gas production;
the third step: and starting the reactor. Selecting proper sludge (anaerobic digestion sludge of a municipal sewage plant) as initial seed sludge, starting the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 with longer hydraulic retention time, and starting to record data after the operation is stable;
the fourth step: the hydraulic retention time is gradually decreased according to the set hydraulic retention time gradient to achieve higher organic matter load, so that the anaerobic membrane bioreactor 31 has higher microorganism concentration, and the optimal hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time are determined by combining the COD removal efficiency of the effluent.
(1) Treatment effect on urban sewage
When the urban sewage treatment effect is simulated, artificially synthesized sewage is adopted, and the sewage also contains substances such as cellulose, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant and the like besides a carbon source, a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, buffer substances and trace elements. Each index of the synthetic artificial sewage and part of the operation parameters of the reaction device are respectively shown in the table 1 and the table 2.
The duration of the experiment is 150 days, and the experimental results are shown in the attached figures 2-4. HRT this device homoenergetic in 8 ~ 48h realizes that fine COD gets rid of the effect, gets rid of efficiency and all is more than 93%, and HRT changes and gets rid of the effect influence not big to COD. The change of BOD5 and SS is basically consistent with that of COD, the device can effectively reduce BOD5 of effluent under all HRT conditions, the main body of the device is kept at 25mg/L, and the removal effect of SS is kept above 95%. The removal effect of the nonionic surfactant (AE) is related to HRT, and when HRT is less than or equal to 24h, the removal effect of the AE can be kept to be more than 85 percent as a whole, and the main body is higher than 95 percent. The present device is less efficient and unstable for anionic surfactant (LAS) removal than AE. The process can not remove the nutrient substances such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the inlet water basically, and the ammonia nitrogen content in the outlet water is obviously increased relative to the inlet water due to the use of deamination during the degradation of organic matters, so that the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus removal needs to be carried out by a subsequent process, and the process can also be used for preparing agricultural fertilizers and realizing the recycling of resources.
FIG. 3(a) shows the conversion efficiency of COD in the treatment process. With the reduction of HRT, the conversion to MLSS and the residual COD content in the effluent gradually decrease, and only 3.6% of COD is used for biological value-added at HRT8 h; the proportion of COD converted into methane gradually increases with the decrease of HRT, and can reach 86 percent at most. In combination with the methane yield shown in FIG. 3(b), the amount of methane produced by removing COD per unit mass at an HRT of 8h was very close to the theoretical methane yield, indicating that a very good biogas conversion efficiency was achieved at an HRT of 8 h.
For substances common in sewage, such as cellulose and lignin, the removal effect can be shown by comparing the cellulose content in the raw material (toilet paper) and Mixed Liquor Suspended Sludge (MLSS) (fig. 4). Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the cellulose and lignin content in MLSS is very low relative to toilet paper, which indicates that the process can effectively degrade common refractory substances such as fiber, lignin and the like in sewage.
By combining the results, the process can well remove main organic matters and SS when the HRT is less than or equal to 16 h. Particularly, when the HRT is 8 hours, not only can a good sewage treatment effect be realized, but also a very low sludge yield (only 3.6 percent of COD is used for microorganism proliferation) can be realized, and good resource recovery can be realized.
TABLE 1 Biochemical index of synthetic wastewater
TABLE 2 partial operating parameters of the reactor
In conclusion, the sewage treatment system is constructed by the substrate pool, the dissolving pool (optional), the anaerobic digestion pool and the membrane separation pool, and the power system of the equipment is constructed by the 3 peristaltic pumps and the time control device. The actual operation result shows that when the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of the system is set to be 8h, the COD and the SS can be effectively removed simultaneously, and the biodegradable surfactant, the cellulose, the lignin and the like can be effectively degraded. In addition, under the operating condition, the sludge yield is very low, more than 86 percent of COD can be converted into methane, and the yield can reach 0.3L of CH4(ii)/gCOD. The device can achieve high biogas yield under the condition of effectively treating urban sewage, and the effluent has the potential of recovering phosphorus elements or being used as a biological fertilizer after further treatment, so that the device is a novel sewage treatment process which is low-carbon and environment-friendly and can achieve resource recovery.
Claims (5)
1. A wastewater anaerobic membrane biological treatment system, comprising:
the substrate pool (1) is used for storing a substrate to be reacted and is provided with a temperature control device;
the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3) is mainly used for completing methanogenesis digestion and realizing solid-liquid separation through a membrane separation device and comprises an anaerobic bioreactor (31) and a membrane component (32) which are arranged in the tank, wherein the anaerobic bioreactor (31) receives a substrate to be reacted from the substrate tank (1), the membrane component (32) is immersed in a digestive juice, gas generated by reaction is circulated through a diaphragm pump (33) and is used for flushing pollutants on the surface of the membrane component (32), the membrane component (32) is an immersed flat membrane device, the membrane component (32) is longitudinally fixed in the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3) and is wholly immersed in a mixed liquid, one part of the gas generated by reaction in the anaerobic bioreactor (31) is circulated, and the other part of the gas is delivered out after passing through a meter (34);
a first pump (11) and a first timer (12) are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the substrate pool (1) and the anaerobic bioreactor (31), and a pressure sensor (35), a third timer (36) and a third pump (37) are arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation pool (3);
further comprising:
the dissolving tank (2) is connected in parallel to the water supply pipelines of the matrix tank (1) and the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3) and is used for further mixing and dissolving the matrix with higher particulate matter content to realize uniform water inlet, and a timer II (21) and a pump II (22) are arranged on the water outlet pipeline of the dissolving tank (2);
the sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment process of the sewage anaerobic membrane biological treatment system comprises the following steps:
storing a substrate to be reacted in a substrate pool (1), and keeping the temperature at 4 ℃ by using a temperature control device to ensure the stability of the substrate;
conveying a substrate to be reacted to an anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3), realizing anaerobic reaction by using an anaerobic bioreactor (31), and realizing relative separation of hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time through a membrane component (32), so that the organic matter load is improved, and part of biogas generated by reaction is recycled for flushing pollutants on the surface of a membrane and delaying membrane pollution; the hydraulic retention time is less than or equal to 16 h;
when the content of the particulate matters in the matrix to be reacted is higher than 20g/L, the matrix to be reacted is firstly sent into a dissolving tank (2) for further mixing and dissolving, and then sent into an anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3).
2. The anaerobic membrane biological treatment system for sewage according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic digestion and membrane separation tank (3) is connected with a water bath device (4).
3. The membrane for anaerobic biological treatment of sewage according to claim 1, wherein in the membrane module (32), the membrane pore size is 0.2 μm, and the total area of the membrane is 0.116m2。
4. The anaerobic membrane biological treatment system for wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the biogas is 2.6m3/m2Is cycled again at a constant speed.
5. The wastewater anaerobic membrane biological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the transmembrane pressure is monitored in real time during the reaction process, the reaction is suspended when the transmembrane pressure is more than 30kPa, and the membrane module (32) is taken out for cleaning.
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| KR20020080193A (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-23 | 주식회사 드림바이오스 | Organic wastewater treatment device and methods using membrane reactor system |
| KR20080043614A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-19 | 주식회사 나노에프엔씨 | Wastewater treatment apparatus and method thereof using membrane bio reactor with reduced sludge production |
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| CN104016477A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-09-03 | 浙江师范大学 | Immersed anaerobic positive permeable membrane bioreactor |
| CN105800779B (en) * | 2016-05-21 | 2018-09-11 | 桂林理工大学 | A method of realizing anaerobic membrane bioreactor stable operation |
| CN107098467A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-08-29 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of built-in anaerobic membrane bioreactor of integral type |
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| KR20020080193A (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-23 | 주식회사 드림바이오스 | Organic wastewater treatment device and methods using membrane reactor system |
| KR20080043614A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-19 | 주식회사 나노에프엔씨 | Wastewater treatment apparatus and method thereof using membrane bio reactor with reduced sludge production |
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