CN107962358A - The three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection - Google Patents
The three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN107962358A CN107962358A CN201711348351.1A CN201711348351A CN107962358A CN 107962358 A CN107962358 A CN 107962358A CN 201711348351 A CN201711348351 A CN 201711348351A CN 107962358 A CN107962358 A CN 107962358A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P17/00—Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/12—Laminated parts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection, specifically comprise the following steps：0.1mm304 stainless steel thin slices, be cut by laser by S1, forms the thin slice physical layer consistent with computer generation virtual level profile, and the multilayer metal foil after processing is carried out to the impurity on sand paper polishing removing surface, while ensures surfacing, is degreased；Then, surface smoothness is made to reach requirement of experiment standard by ultrasonic cleaning；S2, fixed with positioning pin by thin slice and successively welded by laser so as to obtain part model；S3, insert in high temperature thermal diffusion furnace after thin slice is fixed with positioning pin and self-made clamp and carry out prolonged pressure vacuum Diffusion Welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts connected based on stack of sheets.
Background technology
With Information technology and the high speed development of industrialized level, metal 3D printing technique enters the prosperity that a hundred flowers blossom
Phase.According to different manufacturing process and feature, the technology of metal forming mainly has：Selective laser fusion technology (Selective
Laser Melting, SLM), Selective Laser Sintering (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS), laminated solid body
Manufacture (Laminated Object Manufac-turing, LOM), three-dimensional printing technology (3D Printing, 3DP), wherein
Layer separated growth technology (Laminated Object Manu-facturing, LOM) is also known as thin material and selectively cuts,
It is one of several most ripe rapid prototyping ＆ manufacturing technologies.Traditional layer separated growth technology be using thickness as 0.05~
The paper material of 0.1mm is raw material, by the processing technologys such as wire cutting formed individual layer X-Y scheme, recycle hot melt adhesive and
The progress such as additive is adhesion-molded, and suitable for the manufacture of mould and part simple in structure, the manufacturing cycle is longer, can not direct shape
Into the metal parts with complicated inner cavity.For this problem, occur first carrying out traditional machine using thin foil in recent years
Processing is folded after cutting into a series of X-Y schemes by the welding manner of diversified forms such as pressure thermodiffusion welding, laser spot welding
Piece lamination connects, so as to form the metal parts that Modeling precision is higher, shape is more complicated.Compared to other metal rapid shapings
For technique, material ranges are extensive, and compact dimensions range of choice is big, without designed component supporting structure, early period with using by LOM
The advantages that processing is easy with post-processing, and raw material are relatively cheap, and model can be made in the short time, and shaping speed is very fast.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the technical problems to be solved by the invention, exactly propose a kind of metal based on stack of sheets connection
The three-dimensionally shaped method of part.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme：
A kind of three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection, specifically comprises the following steps：
0.1mm304 stainless steel thin slices, be cut by laser by S1, forms that to generate virtual level profile with computer consistent
Thin slice physical layer, carries out sand paper polishing by the multilayer metal foil after processing and removes the impurity on surface, while ensures surfacing,
Degrease；Then, surface smoothness is made to reach requirement of experiment standard by ultrasonic cleaning；
S2, fixed with positioning pin by thin slice and successively welded by laser so as to obtain part model；
S3, insert prolonged pressure carried out in high temperature thermal diffusion furnace after thin slice is fixed with positioning pin and self-made clamp
Vacuum diffusion bonding.
Preferably, in the step S1, by Slice Software by designed threedimensional model according to 0.1mm thickness into
Row slicing delamination and obtain two dimension sheet profiles information, by laser cutting by two-dimensional silhouette cut complete, obtain palletizing die
Type.
Preferably, in the step S2, the operating procedure that laser successively welds is：Sheet metal is arranged in order
Row, with two positioning finger settings, first pass through laser spot welding and carry out noncontinuity on four sides and weld to obtain four weld seams, make
Stainless steel thin slice fixes to form the preliminary model of part, and the side that four laser spot weldings of part are crossed is polished with abrasive machine,
Pit caused by grinding off spot welded joint, makes top layer smooth and reveals have layered laminate appearance；Preliminary part model magnet holder is consolidated
Positioning is placed on laser scanning bonding machine, and the technological parameter for setting laser scanning bonding machine is frequency 25Hz, and spot diameter is
0.2mm, pulse width 0.2ms, along synusia surface into Line Continuity laser welding, form a plurality of strip weld seam and cover four
Side, makes thin slice successively connect, and forms complete part.Gained piece surface is subjected to sanding and polishing, obtains final required part
Model.
Preferably, in the step S3, vacuum diffusion bonding concretely comprises the following steps：Sheet metal is arranged in order
Row, with two positioning finger settings, are fixed bulk metal thin slice by customizing fixture, the part fixed are placed in
Vacuum is in the glass tube with vacuum of 1.0 μ Pa, will integrally insert in thermal diffusion furnace, 10h is kept the temperature at a temperature of 1000 DEG C, with
After carry out stress relief annealing, eliminate part internal stress；After the sample for carrying out overheat Diffusion Welding is polished polishing, nitre is used
Sour iron alcoholic solution carries out short time corrosion, observes the global formation precision of part.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that being：
(1) present invention scans welding procedure with vacuum heat diffusion welding procedure to part external form and shaping by Study of Laser
The influence of precision, explores the feasibility of different metal stack of sheets Joining Technology manufacture complex parts.
(2) multilayer two-dimension structure is formed by laser machining cutting sheet metal.In frequency 25Hz, pulse width 0.2ms
Under conditions of, carry out laser scanning and weld to form part；It is 1 000 DEG C in thermal diffusion temperature, under the conditions of soaking time 10h, utilizes
Vacuum diffusion bonding connection multilayer metal foil forms part.
(3) vacuum heat diffusion be welded to connect metal parts technique be more suitable for inner cavity complexity, and to inner cavity of component essence
Spend more demanding part or mold manufacturing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 welds schematic diagram for laser scanning；
Fig. 2 welds schematic diagram for vacuum heat diffusion；
Fig. 3 is the atoms permeating schematic diagram during vacuum diffusion bonding.
Embodiment
To allow those skilled in the art to become apparent from getting information about the present invention, below in conjunction with attached drawing, to the present invention
It is further described.
1.1 experimental principle：
The basic principle of the three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection is：
The basic craft course of the three-dimensionally shaped technology of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection includes：(1) laser is utilized
Cutting machine cuts 100 μm of 304 stainless steel substrates to obtain required two-dimensional structure；(2) thin slice is fixed with positioning pin logical
Laser is crossed successively to weld so as to obtain part model；(3) high warm is inserted after thin slice is fixed with positioning pin and self-made clamp
Prolonged vacuum diffusion bonding is carried out in diffusion furnace；
Designed threedimensional model is subjected to slicing delamination according to the thickness of 0.1mm by Slice Software and obtains the thin of two dimension
Piece profile information, two-dimensional silhouette is cut and completed, obtain lamination model by laser cutting.Laser scanning is welded：Thin slice is folded
Layer welds after being fixed with fixture into Line Continuity, and part is obtained so as to fulfill the connection of stainless steel thin slice；Vacuum diffusion bonding：
Fixture fixes the sheet metal needed for experiment, inserts in vacuum drying oven and is diffused connection acquisition part.
1.2 experiment material
Table 1 is 304 stainless steel material chemical compositions.
Table 1：304 stainless steel material chemical compositions (mass percent)
1.3 experiment processes：
First, 0.1mm304 stainless steel thin slices are cut by laser, are formed consistent with computer generation virtual level profile
Thin slice physical layer, the multilayer metal foil after processing is subjected to the impurity that sand paper polishing removes surface, while ensures that surface is put down
It is whole, degrease.Then, surface smoothness is made to reach requirement of experiment standard by ultrasonic cleaning.
Laser scanning is welded：Sheet metal is arranged in order, with two positioning finger settings, first passes through laser spot welding four
Noncontinuity is carried out on a side to weld to obtain four weld seams, makes stainless steel thin slice fix to form the preliminary model of part, by zero
The side that four laser spot weldings of part are crossed is polished with abrasive machine, and pit caused by grinding off spot welded joint, makes top layer smooth and reveal
There is layered laminate appearance.
Preliminary part model is set into laser scanning bonding machine with magnet holder fixed position on laser scanning bonding machine
Technological parameter be frequency 25Hz, spot diameter 0.2mm, pulse width 0.2ms, along synusia surface into Line Continuity laser
Welding, forms a plurality of strip weld seam and covers four sides, thin slice is successively connected, form complete part.By gained parts list
Face carries out sanding and polishing, obtains final required part model, and laser scanning welding schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
Vacuum diffusion bonding concretely comprises the following steps：Sheet metal is arranged in order, finger settings are positioned with two, by fixed
Fixture processed is fixed bulk metal thin slice, and the part fixed is placed in the glass tube with vacuum that vacuum is 1.0 μ Pa
In, it will integrally insert in thermal diffusion furnace, 10h kept the temperature at a temperature of 1000 DEG C, then carry out stress relief annealing, eliminate in part
Stress；After the sample for carrying out overheat Diffusion Welding is polished polishing, short time corrosion is carried out with ferric nitrate alcoholic solution,
The global formation precision of part is observed, vacuum heat diffusion welding schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
1.4 experimental results and analysis：
It is cut by laser the influence to piece surface precision：
Laser cutting is the high power density laser beam scanning workpiece surface using line focus, by material in very short time
Local heating, makes illuminated material gasify rapidly, melt, ablation or reaches fusing point, while by the high speed coaxial with light beam
Air-flow blows down melt substance, realizes and cuts open workpiece, reaches cutting purpose.Metal parts is connected by each layer stainless steel thin slice lamination
Connect and formed, therefore cut quality and deformation extent of each layer of sheet metal after laser cutting are largely determined
The surface accuracy and global formation quality of part are determined.Compared with the process for machining such as wire cutting, laser machine to 0.1mm's
Stainless sheet steel carry out excision forming when have the characteristics that speed faster, quality higher.Stainless steel substrates are whole after Laser Processing
Body deflection is small, there is no warping deformation occur, and cutting surfaces do not occur obvious burr, and finish is good, each lamella
Joint-cutting size it is smaller, do not occur zigzag on joint-cutting, continuity is good.
Influence of the sheet metal connection procedure to forming parts precision
Influence of the laser welding to piece surface and inner cavity will be cut by laser the sheet metal sanding and polishing of shaping in order
After lamination, first with the preliminary fixed position of pin, laser spot welding retaining element overall appearance, then passes through continuous laser scanning
The connection between each lamella is realized in welding, forms final part model, therefore the welding quality of laser scanning welding is to metal foil
The situation of piece connection and the Forming Quality of part entirety produce great influence.Laser welding is the high-energy using line focus
The fusing of density laser Shu Zuowei heat sources connects the welding method of workpiece at the same time.Laser welding acts on power on part according to hot spot
The difference of density can be divided into two kinds of thermal conductivity weldering and thermofussion welding.Due to the stainless steel thin slice that welding workpiece is 0.1mm, therefore select laser
Thermal conductivity weldering is successively welded, and makes part overall deformation smaller.The welding condition is set to be at the same time：Welding current is
168A, pulse width 0.2ms, frequency 25Hz, welding spot diameter 0.2mm.
Piece surface solder joint overlapping positions after being welded by laser scanning are appropriate, weld seam continuous formation, integrated connection
Work well, exterior sheet phenomenon disappears substantially, the preferable overall dimension of part global formation effect for 29.98mm × 29.95m ×
5.42mm.There are the phenomenon of local heating's inequality, portions under heat during laser welding seriously to collapse so as to generate part
Fall into and form point-like pit, the situation of splatter, in continuous welding process, showing for expanded by heating occurs in welding top layer middle
As producing its thickness of larger deformation as 5.470mm (50 layers of 0.1mm sheet metals superposition), there are micro-pore.Total comes
Say, stainless steel parts overall effect after laser welding is good, and structure is reliable and stable.The inner cavity of part includes different size of
Through-hole structure formational situation is good, adjacent 207.4 μm of two thin plates gross thickness average out to, after stretched experiment, design of part
Higher stability is still kept, close, no obvious deformation of appearance is bonded between synusia, but lamellar phenomenon is obvious, carries out complicated inner cavity
When part manufactures, easily appearance is obvious stepped, suitable for being manufactured to the not high part of inner cavity required precision.
The influence vacuum heat diffusion welding that vacuum heat diffusion welds to piece surface and inner cavity is the ring of nearly vacuum in high temperature
Under border, the regular hour is kept the temperature, applying certain pressure in workpiece surface makes to be sufficiently carried out spreading between workpiece contact surface atom,
So as to fulfill a kind of welding technique being reliably connected between workpiece.The vacuum diffusion welding process of most metals and alloy
Temperature one is 0.6~0.8 times of the material melting point, and the fusing point of 304 stainless steels is 1 398 DEG C~1454 DEG C, considers that its atom expands
Scattered adequacy, therefore it is 1 000 DEG C to select thermal diffusion temperature, soaking time 10h is laggard by the part model after Diffusion Welding
Row stress relief annealing process, eliminates the internal stress of part.Atoms permeating schematic diagram such as Fig. 3 institutes during vacuum diffusion bonding
Show, the part overall size precision higher after diffusion in vacuum, the interlayer fitting of contiguous slices.From experimental result, vacuum
When thermodiffusion welding taps into the connection of row stack of sheets, part stacking is completely embedded, and part does not deform integrally substantially, between synusia
Atoms permeating is abundant, and gap disappears, and part has degree of precision in thickness compact dimensions.
The inner cavity synusia connection of part is even closer, and lamellar phenomenon disappears, and without obvious deformation, dimensional accuracy is preferable, warp
After overstretching experiment, inner cavity has good stability, and structure is without generation significant change；Therefore, the zero of vacuum heat diffusion welding is utilized
Part manufacturing process can be used for inner cavity complicated, the higher part manufacture of required precision.
1.5 experiment conclusion：
(1) it is smart to part external form and shaping herein by Study of Laser scanning welding procedure and vacuum heat diffusion welding procedure
The influence of degree, explores the feasibility of different metal stack of sheets Joining Technology manufacture complex parts.
(2) multilayer two-dimension structure is formed by laser machining cutting sheet metal.In frequency 25Hz, pulse width 0.2ms
Under conditions of, carry out laser scanning and weld to form part；It is 1 000 DEG C in thermal diffusion temperature, under the conditions of soaking time 10h, utilizes
Vacuum diffusion bonding connection multilayer metal foil forms part.
The metal parts of (3) two kinds of technique manufactures all has good molding effect, is completely embedded between synusia；Vacuum thermal expansion
The superiority that the part after welding shows bigger in terms of thickness and precision is dissipated, the sheet phenomenon of inner cavity disappears, has substantially
More excellent inner cavity performance.Thus, the technique that vacuum heat diffusion is welded to connect metal parts is more suitable for inner cavity complexity, and
And the part or mold manufacturing higher to inner cavity of component required precision.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. three-dimensionally shaped method of metal parts based on stack of sheets connection, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the following steps：0.1mm304 stainless steel thin slices, be cut by laser by S1, is formed and the computer thin slice that to generate virtual level profile consistent Physical layer, carries out sand paper polishing by the multilayer metal foil after processing and removes the impurity on surface, while ensures surfacing, removes Greasy dirt；Then, surface smoothness is made to reach requirement of experiment standard by ultrasonic cleaning；S2, fixed with positioning pin by thin slice and successively welded by laser so as to obtain part model；S3, insert prolonged pressure vacuum carried out in high temperature thermal diffusion furnace after thin slice is fixed with positioning pin and self-made clamp Diffusion Welding.
- 2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step S1, by Slice Software by designed three Dimension module carries out slicing delamination according to the thickness of 0.1mm and obtains the sheet profiles information of two dimension, by being cut by laser two dimension Profile cut is completed, and obtains lamination model.
- 3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step S2, operating procedure that laser successively welds For：Sheet metal is arranged in order, with two positioning finger settings, first pass through laser spot welding carry out on four sides it is discontinuous Property welds to obtain four weld seams, fixes stainless steel thin slice to form the preliminary model of part, four laser spot weldings of part are crossed Side is polished with abrasive machine, pit caused by grinding off spot welded joint, makes top layer smooth and reveal have layered laminate appearance；Will be preliminary For part model with magnet holder fixed position on laser scanning bonding machine, the technological parameter of setting laser scanning bonding machine is frequency Rate 25Hz, spot diameter 0.2mm, pulse width 0.2ms, along synusia surface into Line Continuity laser welding, forms a plurality of Strip weld seam covers four sides, thin slice is successively connected, and forms complete part.Gained piece surface is subjected to polishing throwing Light, obtains final required part model.
- 4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step S3, the specific steps of vacuum diffusion bonding For：Sheet metal is arranged in order, with two positioning finger settings, bulk metal thin slice compress admittedly by customizing fixture It is fixed, the part fixed is placed in the glass tube with vacuum that vacuum is 1.0 μ Pa, will integrally inserted in thermal diffusion furnace, 1000 10h is kept the temperature at a temperature of DEG C, then carries out stress relief annealing, eliminates part internal stress；It will carry out the sample of overheat Diffusion Welding It is polished after polishing, short time corrosion is carried out with ferric nitrate alcoholic solution, observes the global formation precision of part.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112658630A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-16 | 台州学院 | Additive manufacturing method of metal part |
| CN113695590A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-26 | 宿迁学院 | Layer-by-layer stacking forming method for low-boiling-point two-dimensional material |
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Application publication date: 20180427 |