CN107956560A - 废气后处理***和内燃机 - Google Patents
废气后处理***和内燃机 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Abstract
本发明涉及废气后处理***和内燃机。一种内燃机的废气后处理***,尤其是SCR废气后处理***,带有催化转化器(1),尤其是带有SCR催化转化器,其中,催化转化器(1)包括多个催化剂模块(2)、废气入口侧(5)和废气出口侧(13);并具有吹气装置(7),经由所述吹气装置(7),能从催化转化器(1)的废气入口侧(5)、即从催化剂模块(2)的废气入口侧(6)吹走烟灰,其中,沿着催化转化器(1)的废气入口侧(5),带有多个吹气开口(9、10)的管(8)以距废气入口侧(5)限定的距离横跨多个催化剂模块(2)延伸,其中,经由每个吹气开口(9、10),能在至少一个催化剂模块(3)的每种情况下将空气吹到废气入口侧(6)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的废气后处理***。此外,本发明涉及一种具有废气后处理***的内燃机。
背景技术
在例如在发电厂中使用的固定内燃机中的燃烧过程中,并且在例如用在船上的非固定内燃机中的燃烧过程中,产生氮氧化物,其中,这些氮氧化物典型地产生在诸如煤、沥青煤、褐煤、矿物油、柴油燃料的含硫化石燃料的燃烧中。为此,这样的内燃机被分配有用于清洁、尤其是用于离开内燃机的废气的脱氮的废气后处理***。
为了减少废气中的氮氧化物,所谓的SCR催化转化器主要用于从惯例已知的废气后处理***。在SCR催化转化器中,发生氮氧化物的选择性催化还原,其中,为了氮氧化物的还原,需要作为还原剂的氨(NH3)。为此目的,将氨(NH3)或诸如例如尿素的氨前体物质以液体形式引入在SCR催化转化器上游的废气,其中,氨或氨前体物质与在SCR催化转化器上游的废气混合。为此,根据惯例在氨或氨前体物质的引入与SCR催化转化器之间设置有混合分段。
SCR催化转化器包括典型地以相互层叠并且相互紧邻的多个列和行的形式阵列状地布置的多个催化剂模块。待经由这样的SCR催化转化器引导的废气经由SCR催化转化器或催化剂模块的废气入口侧流入SCR催化转化器或催化剂模块,并经由废气出口侧离开SCR催化转化器或催化剂模块。
包含在废气中的烟灰能沉积在SCR催化转化器或催化剂模块的废气入口侧上,并导致SCR催化转化器或催化剂模块的堵塞。为了抵消在废气入口侧的区域中的烟灰沉积,已提供的是,废气后处理***包括分配给SCR催化转化器的吹气装置,经由所述吹气装置,能从SCR催化转化器的废气入口侧、即从催化剂模块的废气入口侧吹走烟灰。然而,从惯例已知的吹气装置仅允许烟灰从催化转化器的废气入口侧或从催化剂模块的废气入口侧的不充分的去除。因此,存在对废气后处理***的需求,通过所述废气后处理***,能更有效地从催化转化器的废气入口侧或催化剂模块的废气入口侧吹走烟灰。
尽管沉积在催化转化器的废气入口侧上的烟灰的以上问题尤其地出现在SCR催化转化器,但本发明不限于带有SCR催化转化器的废气后处理***。烟灰还能沉积在其他催化转化器的废气入口侧上,于是所述烟灰将不得不通过吹气装置被吹走。
发明内容
由此开始,本发明基于创造内燃机的新型废气后处理***和具有这样的废气后处理***的内燃机的目的。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的废气后处理***解决。根据本发明,带有多个吹气开口的至少一根管以离废气入口侧限定的距离横跨多个催化剂模块沿着催化转化器的废气入口侧延伸,其中,经由每个吹气开口,能在每种情况下将空气吹到至少一个催化剂模块的废气入口侧上。本发明允许烟灰从催化转化器的废气入口侧或催化剂模块的废气入口侧有效吹走。
根据另一有利改进,空气能在每种情况下以定向方式经由每个吹气开口被吹到催化剂模块中的一个催化剂模块的废气入口侧上。通过这种方式,能确保有效地从每个催化剂模块吹走烟灰。
根据另一有利改进,用于多个催化剂模块的管在每种情况下包括多个催化剂模块独立的吹气开口,经由这些吹气开口能将空气吹到相应催化剂模块的废气入口侧上,优选地关于吹气角度和/或直径不同的吹气开口。这些吹气开口在管的轴向方向上看还可以是偏移的。通过这种方式,能特别有效地从每个催化剂模块、即从每个催化剂模块的废气入口侧吹走烟灰。
根据另一有利改进,相应的管包括:吹气开口,经由所述吹气开口能将空气吹到朝着相应管的第一侧定位的催化剂模块的废气入口侧上;和另外的吹气开口,经由所述另外的吹气开口能将空气吹到朝着相应管的第二侧定位的催化剂模块的废气入口侧上。通过这种方式,在紧凑设计的情况下能够将烟灰从催化转化器的废气入口侧或从催化剂模块的废气入口侧有效吹走。
在权利要求12中限定了根据本发明的内燃机。
附图说明
另外的优选改进从从属权利要求和以下的说明获得。通过附图更详细地说明本发明的示例性实施例,但不限于此。示出的是:
图1是根据内燃机的本发明的废气后处理***的催化转化器连同吹气装置一起的透视图;
图2a-2d是在催化转化器的催化剂模块的区域中的第一废气后处理***的细节;
图3a-3d是在催化转化器的催化剂模块的区域中的第二废气后处理***的细节;
图4a-4d是在催化转化器的催化剂模块的区域中的第三废气后处理***的细节;以及
图5a-5b是另一废气后处理***的细节。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种内燃机的、例如发电厂中的固定内燃机或用在船上的非固定内燃机的废气后处理***。尤其地,废气后处理***用在通过重质燃料油操作的船的柴油内燃机上。
图1示出了在催化转化器1的区域中的根据本发明的废气后处理***的选取。催化转化器1包括在示出的示例性实施例中在形状上被设计成矩形并形成列和行地阵列状地布置的多个催化剂模块2。
因此,图1示出的是,在所示的示例性实施例中的催化剂模块2形成各自六个催化剂模块2的四行3,其中,每两行3的催化剂模块6各自形成一个组4。
催化转化器1包括:废气入口侧5,经由所述废气入口侧5,废气进入催化转化器1;和废气出口侧13,经由所述废气出口侧13,废气离开催化转化器1。催化转化器1的废气入口侧5由催化剂模块2的对应废气入口侧6提供。同样地,催化转化器1的废气出口侧13由催化剂模块2的不可见的对应废气出口侧形成。
在操作期间,烟灰能沉积在催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6上。本发明涉及吹气装置7的细节,经由所述吹气装置7,能从催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6并因此从催化转化器1的废气入口侧5吹走烟灰,以便避免催化剂模块2或催化转化器1的堵塞。
在根据本发明的废气后处理***中,带有多个吹气开口9、10的至少一根管8以离废气入口侧5限定的距离横跨多个催化剂模块2沿着催化转化器1的废气入口侧5延伸,其中,经由每个吹气开口9、10,能在至少一个催化剂模块5的每种情况下将空气吹到废气入口侧6上。
在此尤其提供的是,经由每个吹气开口9、10,能在催化剂模块2中的一个催化剂模块2的每种情况下以定向方式将空气吹到废气入口侧6上,使得因此,用于每个催化剂模块2的管8包括至少一个、优选地更多的催化剂模块独立的吹气开口9、10,经由所述催化剂模块独立的吹气开口9、10,能将空气吹到相应催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6上。
在示出的优选示例性实施例中,其中催化转化器1在每种情况下包括各自带有多个催化剂模块2的两行3的两组4,在每种情况下对两行3的催化剂模块2的每组4分别存在一根管8,所述管8以限定的距离沿着催化转化器1的废气入口侧5延伸。
每根管8包括:吹气开口9、10,经由所述吹气开口9、10能使空气对准朝着相应管8的第一侧定位的催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6;和另外的吹气开口9、10,经由所述另外的吹气开口9、10能将空气吹到朝着相应管的第二侧定位的催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6上。在此,相应的管8优选地近似在组合成一组4的两行3的催化剂模块2的中间延伸。
尤其提供的是,用于相应组4的每个催化剂模块2的每根管8具有关于它们的吹气角度和/或它们的直径不同的不同吹气开口9、10。在下文中参考图2a至2d、3a至3d、4a至4d和5a至5d描述各自的细节。
在图2a至2d的示例性实施例中,管8包括用于相应组4的每个催化剂模块2的第一吹气开口9和第二吹气开口10。在图2a至2d的示例性实施例中,吹气开口9、10仅关于它们的吹气角度不同,通过所述吹气角度,所述吹气开口9、10使空气对准相应催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6。因此,根据图2c的吹气开口9关于与催化剂模块2的废气入口表面6平行的线包括吹气角度β,而吹气开口10关于该与催化剂模块2的废气入口表面6平行的线包括吹气角度α。
在此,吹气开口9的吹气角度β大于吹气开口10的吹气角度α,使得经由不同的吹气开口9、10,能在不同的吹气锥11、12中将空气引导到相应催化剂模块2的相应废气入口侧6上。因为这,所以能够有效地将空气吹到相应催化剂模块2的几乎整个废气入口侧6上,因而有效地从相应催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6去除烟灰。
吹气角度α与β不同,并且在每种情况下大于0°,优选地大于10°,并且小于90°,优选地小于80°。吹气开口9的吹气角度β优选地在50°与80°之间。吹气开口10的吹气角度α优选地在10°与45°之间。
如已说明地,不同的吹气开口9、10分别关于它们的吹气角度α和β排他地在图2a至2d的示例性实施例中不同。在图2a至2d中,吹气开口9、10具有相同的直径。此外,吹气开口9的数量与吹气开口10的数量相同。除此之外,吹气开口9、10布置在管8的相同轴向位置。
图3a至3d示出了本发明的变型,其中,用于相应催化剂模块2的吹气开口9、10不仅分别关于它们的吹气角度α和β不同,而且此外关于它们的直径和关于它们沿着管8的轴向位置以及关于它们的数量不同。
因此,在图3a至3d的示例性实施例中,其与平行线的吹气角度β大于吹气开口10的吹气角度α的吹气开口9的数量大于吹气开口10的数量。带有较小吹气角度α的吹气开口10的直径大于带有较大吹气角度β的吹气开口9的直径。
图3d使其中对应吹气锥11、12撞击示出的催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6的表面可见。通过图3a至3d的实施例,同样能有效地从相应催化剂模块2的相应废气入口侧6吹走烟灰。
本发明的另一变型由图4a至4d示出,其中,在图4a至4d的变型中,具有不同吹气角度α和β的吹气开口9、10根据图2a至2d的示例性实施例再次具有相同的直径,但在管的轴向方向上看相对于彼此偏移。此外,带有不同的α、β的吹气开口9、10的数量不同。
图5a、5b示出了根据本发明的废气后处理***10的细节,其中,示出的管8再次从两行3催化剂模块2的催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6吹走烟灰。在第一侧上,管8包括关于它们的数量并且还关于它们的吹气角度、关于它们的直径并且关于它们沿着管8的轴向位置不同的吹气开口9、10。在管8的相对的第二侧上,与之相比带有不同的吹气角度α、β的不同孔9、10的轴向位置和数量是相同的。
通过本发明,能有效地从催化转化器1的催化剂模块2的废气入口侧6去除烟灰。本发明优选地与SCR废气后处理***的SCR催化转化器结合使用。然而,本发明还能与其他催化转化器、例如与CH4氧化催化转化器等结合使用,以便从废气入口侧去除烟灰。
空气优选地经由吹气开口9、10冲击状或脉冲状地被引导到催化剂模块2的废气入口表面6上。
附图标记列表:
1 催化转化器
2 催化剂模块
3 行
4 组
5 废气入口侧
6 废气入口侧
7 吹气装置
8 管
9 吹气开口
10 吹气开口
11 吹气锥
12 吹气锥
13 废气出口侧。
Claims (12)
1.一种内燃机的废气后处理***,尤其是SCR废气后处理***,具有催化转化器(1),尤其是带有SCR催化转化器,其中,所述催化转化器(1)包括多个催化剂模块(2)、废气入口侧(5)和废气出口侧(13);并具有吹气装置(7),经由所述吹气装置(7),能从所述催化转化器(1)的所述废气入口侧(5)、即从所述催化剂模块(2)的废气入口侧(6)吹走沉积物,尤其是烟灰,其特征在于,沿着所述催化转化器(1)的所述废气入口侧(5),带有多个吹气开口(9、10)的至少一个管(8)以距所述废气入口侧(5)限定的距离横跨多个催化剂模块(2)延伸,其中,经由每个吹气开口(9、10),能在所述至少一个催化剂模块(2)的每种情况下将空气吹到所述废气入口侧(6)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,经由每个吹气开口(9、10)能在所述催化剂模块(2)中的一个催化剂模块的每种情况下以定向方式将空气吹到所述废气入口侧(6)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,用于多个催化剂模块(2)的所述管(8)包括多个催化剂模块独立的吹气开口(9、10),经由所述吹气开口(9、10),能将空气吹到相应催化剂模块(2)的所述废气入口侧(6)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,用于所述催化剂模块(2)中的每个催化剂模块的所述管(8)包括关于它们的吹气角度不同的吹气开口(9、10)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,用于所述催化剂模块(2)中的每个催化剂模块的所述管(8)包括关于它们的直径不同的吹气开口(9、10)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述吹气开口(9)的直径小于所述吹气开口(10)的直径,其中所述吹气开口(9)的吹气角度基于到所述废气入口侧的垂线是相对小的并因此相对于所述废气入口侧的平行线是相对大的,并且所述吹气开口(10)的吹气角度基于到所述废气入口侧的垂线是相对大的并因此基于所述废气入口侧的平行线是相对小的。
7.根据权利要求3至6中的任一项所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述吹气开口(9、10)在所述管(8)的轴向方向上至少部分地偏移。
8.根据权利要求3至7中的任一项所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述吹气开口(9、10)在所述管(8)的轴向方向上至少部分地位于相同的位置。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,相应管(8)包括:吹气开口(9、10),经由所述吹气开口(9、10)能将空气吹到朝着所述相应管(8)的第一侧定位的催化剂模块(2)的废气入口侧(6)上;和另外的吹气开口(9、10),经由所述另外的吹气开口(9、10)能将空气吹到朝着所述相应管(8)的第二侧定位的催化剂模块(2)的废气入口侧(6)上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,经由其能将空气吹到朝着所述相应管(8)的第一侧定位的催化剂模块(2)的废气入口侧(6)上的所述吹气开口(9、10)包括关于开口直径和/或吹气角度和/或轴向位置不同的吹气开口(9、10),并且,经由其能将空气吹到朝着所述相应管(8)的第二侧定位的催化剂模块(2)的废气入口侧(6)上的所述吹气开口(9、10)同样包括关于开口直径和/或吹气角度和/或轴向位置不同的吹气开口(9、10)。
11.根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述废气后处理***对于各自有多个催化剂模块(2)的两行(3)的每个组(4),在每种情况下各自包括带有多个吹气开口(9、10)的管(8)。
12.一种内燃机,尤其是用柴油燃料或用重质燃料油操作的内燃机,具有根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的废气后处理***。
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