CN107940897A - Liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air - Google Patents

Liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107940897A
CN107940897A CN201711167383.1A CN201711167383A CN107940897A CN 107940897 A CN107940897 A CN 107940897A CN 201711167383 A CN201711167383 A CN 201711167383A CN 107940897 A CN107940897 A CN 107940897A
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cold energy
lng
energy
lng cold
liquefaction
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唐文静
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Sichuan Jinying Technology Co Ltd
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Sichuan Jinying Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
    • F25J3/04266—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04242—Cold end purification of the feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0222—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an intermediate heat exchange fluid between the cryogenic component and the fluid to be liquefied
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/42—Nitrogen or special cases, e.g. multiple or low purity N2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Abstract

The invention discloses the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods using cold energy liquefaction separation air, it comprises the following steps：S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy after completion liquefaction separation air or produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old；S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old carries out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：On the premise of different user operating characteristic is met, cold energy distributing rationally between multiple users is arranged, realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy.Demand according to various cold energy use techniques to potential temperature, has formulated three-level Utilization plan, improves LNG cold recovery rates, reduces the vaporization expense of LNG, is of great significance to saving the energy, improving efficiency of energy utilization.

Description

Liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air
Technical field
The present invention relates to LNG cold energy use technical fields, the LNG cold energy steps for the separation air that liquefies especially with cold energy Application way.
Background technology
Since the 21th century, world petroleum price is surging, and the energy and power cost increase substantially, fast in China's economic Under the form of speed development, it is very urgent to save the energy, raising energy utilization rate.The energy of the LNG as clean and effective, is subject to The favor of countries in the world, thus also brings developing rapidly (average annual 20% growth rate) for LNG industry.
LNG be by low stain natural gas by depickling, dehydration, by low temperature process cryogenic liquefaction into low temperature (- 162 DEG C) liquid mixture, its density increases about 600 times, in favor of long-distance transportation.Often produce one ton of LNG power and Public utility power consumption is about 850kwh, and in LNG receiving stations, it is general LNG need to be vaporized by vaporizer again after use, vapour Very big cold is released during change, its value is about 830kJ/kg, and this cold includes the latent heat of vaporization and gaseous state of liquified natural gas Sensible heat of the natural gas from storage temperature rewarming to environment temperature.If directly allowing liquefied natural gas to evaporate in the environment, ring is absorbed The heat heating in border, can not only be such that the cold energy that LNG is carried slatterns in vain, but also can cause cold pollution to environment.
In recent years, China has achieved the achievement of brilliance in fields such as the production of LNG, transport and applications.2009, China 553.2 ten thousand tons of Liquefied Natural Gas Import, increases by 65.8%, accounts for the 57.1% of Chinese liquefied gas inlet total amount then, proportion compared with Improve 1 percentage point within 2008.Chinese inlet natural gas exceedes 100 billion cubic meters within 2010, including about 6,000,000 tons of liquefaction Natural gas.It is expected that China's LNG imports in 2015 will be more than 20,000,000 tons, the year two thousand twenty can also be doubled and redoubled.
Extensive development applications of the LNG in China is irresistible, studies the Application way of LNG cold energy, makes it more Field reaches practical degree, on the premise of environmental pollution, reply energy crisis is reduced, lifts whole LNG industry chain Economic benefit and social benefit, have great importance.The utilization of China LNG cold energy is not promoted also at present, due to LNG Cold energy itself it is derivative, determine that the development and utilization of this energy is also faced with many technology transfer problems.At present, in LNG In terms of cold energy use there are cold energy use efficiency it is low,Big phenomenon is damaged, causes most of cold energy entrained by LNG not obtain Rationally utilize.
The design of part step cold energy use technique lacks strong Theoretical Proof at present, or theoretical utilized with reality is deposited Disconnecting, only from the cascade utilization of energy point of view research LNG cold energy, and have ignored the height of LNG cold energy energy matter, cause in reality LNG utilizes the cold of technique in the utilization on borderEfficiency is very low, and there are LNG cold energy not to obtain phenomenon that is reasonable, making full use of, right It is used in the high-quality cold energy in relatively low potential temperature section in the technique low to cold energy grade requirement, causes cold energy use positive effect to drop It is low.
Although step cold energy use technique has been suggested, it still fails to enough fundamentally solution LNG cold energy use effects The problem of rate is not high, economic benefit is low.
(exergy) definition is：The environment that material or logistics are changed to and given by reversible process by given state The theoretical maximum work(that benchmark balances each other done.LNG cold energy is primarily due to LNG, and there are caused by temperature imbalance with surrounding environment Temperature difference and the pressure differential caused by pressure imbalance.It is the important indicator for weighing cold energy size and quality, that is, is used for Point out the part of theoretical maximum work(that can be made in lower given energy of certain designated state.
The content of the invention
The shortcomings that it is an object of the invention to overcome the prior art, there is provided one kind distributes rationally, improves LNG cold recoveries Rate, the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods using cold energy liquefaction separation air for saving the energy.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：Liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy steps of air Application way, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy after completion liquefaction separation air or produce liquefaction CO2 And dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old；
S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old Cold energy carries out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination
The present invention has the following advantages：The present invention arranges cold energy more on the premise of different user operating characteristic is met Distributing rationally between a user, realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy.Demand according to various cold energy use techniques to potential temperature, is formulated Three-level Utilization plan, improves LNG cold recovery rates, reduces the vaporization expense of LNG, to saving the energy, improving using energy source Efficiency is of great significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram that liquefaction separation air is carried out using LNG cold energy
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram that associated gas lime set recycling is carried out using LNG cold energy
Fig. 3 is to produce liquefaction CO using LNG cold energy2And the structure diagram of dry ice
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram using LNG cold energy low-temperature grinding waste olds
Fig. 5 is the cascade utilization flow chart of cold storage warehouse
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram that warehouse refrigeration is carried out using LNG cold energy
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram for carrying out sea water desalination using LNG cold energy using the direct contact freezing of refrigerant
Fig. 8 is the first solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization
Fig. 9 is LNG cold energy cascade utilization second scheme frame diagrams
Figure 10 is the third solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization
Figure 11 is the 4th kind of solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization
Figure 12 is LNG cold energy cascade utilization fifth version frame diagrams
Figure 13 is the 6th kind of solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, protection scope of the present invention be not limited to It is lower described：
Liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy after completion liquefaction separation air or produce liquefaction CO2 And dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old；
S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old Cold energy carries out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination
The cold that traditional air separating technological needs is typically to be produced using freon refrigerator and the expanding machine of combination , it is necessary to consume substantial amounts of electric energy.Cryogenic cold energy using LNG high-quality is effective effective way for reducing space division unit power consumption amount Footpath.Liquefying for air, which is carried out, using LNG cold energy separates the power consumption that can make production liquefied oxygen from 1.2kWh/m3Reduce To 0.5kWh/m3, power consumption reduces 58%, while can lower the construction cost in required place, due to utilizing electric power The superiority of aspect, cold energy are used for the isolated substantial amounts of application of liquefaction of air.
As shown in Figure 1, to be compressed using the air separating technological of LNG cold energy, air followed by air filter, air Enter cryogenic heat exchanger after machine, air top cooler, air purifier, the low-temperature receiver in cryogenic heat exchanger is to absorb LNG colds Circulating nitrogen gas, air after cooling enter the separator being made of high pressure fractionating column and low pressure fractionating column, high pressure fractionating column point Not Lian Jie liquid nitrogen storage tank and liquid oxygen storage tank, low pressure fractionating column connects nitrogen discharge pipe and argon retracting device respectively, and the argon returns Receiving apparatus includes sequentially connected argon purifier, argon purifier and liquid argon storage tank.Nitrogen discharge pipe is also with flowing through air purifier Air afterwards exchanges heat, and then discharges afterwards, and part nitrogen is supplied to air purifier after electric heater.
Air is compressed by the compressor increase pressure after filtering, makes the increase of mixture boiling point, afterwards into air precooling Device, absorbs cold, into exchanging heat again in cryogenic heat exchanger after air purifier, afterwards into occurring in high pressure fractionating column Separation, isolates liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, isolates a small amount of hydrogen into low pressure fractionating column afterwards, isolated into argon gas purifying column Liquid argon.
Air themperature is reduced using the LNG cold energy and two stages of compression formula refrigeration machine of recycling, produces liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, can be made Refrigeration machine realizes miniaturization, and electric power energy consumption can reduce 50%, water consumption reduces 30%, greatly reduces and produces liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen Production cost, has higher economic benefit.Due to using the economic benefit that LNG cold energy produces liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen has, setting in addition It is standby that miniaturization, whole technique reduction limited by regions can be achieved, therefore in LNG cold energy use systems, space division is considered as Maximally efficient Land use systems.In addition, the temperature field that the liquid nitrogen of low cost manufacture can apply LNG expands to lower temperature Degree band (- 196 DEG C), it is contemplated that the temperature (- 162 DEG C) of LNG, it is seen that this method LNG cold energy usesDamage is minimum.
The described method that sea water desalination is carried out using LNG cold energy is indirect freezing method, the direct contact freezing of refrigerant or Vacuum-freezing process.
In associated gas or well head natural gas in addition to containing methane, also containing a certain amount of ethane, propane, butane, penta Alkane and heavier hydro carbons.In order to make associated gas meet the quality standard of commercial natural gas, meet the quality mark of pipe gas transmission Standard, while in order to obtain the liquid fuel of preciousness and industrial chemicals, it is necessary to which the hydro carbons in associated gas is required according to certain Separation and recycling.The purpose of recycling lime set is from associated gas：1st, commodity gas is made to meet quality index；2nd, pipe gas transmission is met Quality requirement；3rd, lime set is farthest recycled.
The method that the described LNG cold energy using after separation air of completing to liquefy carries out associated gas lime set recycling is： As shown in Fig. 2, raw material associated gas is forced into 3.7MP a after drier is dehydrated, through compressor.Logistics after pressurization is through changing After ther mal network is cooled to 7 DEG C, into adiabatic flash tank, it is divided into 2 bursts of logistics of gas-liquid two-phase.Gaseous stream cooling from flash tank To -85 DEG C, through entering domethanizing column in the middle part of domethanizing column.After liquid phase stream from flash tank is cooled to -102 DEG C, through piptonychia Alkane column overhead enters domethanizing column.The recovered cold energy of overhead product of domethanizing column and backheat are incorporated to city to after 20 DEG C or so Gas distributing system.The bottomsstream of domethanizing column enters dethanizer.After the ethane in unstripped gas is recycled in dethanizer, The bottomsstream enters debutanizing tower, obtains product liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and light oil.Cold energy in above-mentioned cooling procedure is whole There is provided by the LNG after completion liquefaction separation air by heat exchanger.
Condensate liquid recovery process and traditional condensation recovery process using electric compressor refrigeration modes using LNG cold energy Compare, electric energy is up to 70% or so, has greatly saved electric energy.
At present, the Combination Process for NGL Recovery of associated gas be obtained by the way of voltage contraction cryogen swell refrigeration it is low Temperature, carries out lime set separation.This method is higher as a result of voltage contracting refrigeration process, energy consumption.
Liquid carbon dioxide has a very wide range of applications in fields such as food refrigerated, welding, casting and beverages, dry ice Application field then more extensively, such as the Refrigerated Transport of food, and many industrial process streams.
Described produces liquefaction CO using the LNG cold energy after completion liquefaction separation air2And the method for dry ice is：Such as Fig. 3 Shown, whole flow process is divided into two-stage, and the first order exchanges heat for LNG and propane, and the second level is propane and CO2Heat exchange.Process system is Avoid freezing, refrigerant uses propane.The outlet of propane tank is sequentially connected propane pump and liquefaction device by pipeline, and liquefaction is set Standby propane outlets are sequentially connected LNG/ propane heat exchanger and propane tank entrance by pipeline, after completing liquefaction separation air LNG is flowed into from one end of LNG/ propane heat exchangers, is flowed out from the other end, is completed the heat transfer process with propane, is carried for propane-cooled Semen donors.Atmospheric carbon dioxide passes sequentially through deodorant holder and carbon dioxide dryer after carbon-dioxide gas compressor by pipeline Carbon dioxide dryer, subsequently into liquefaction device, the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of liquefaction device connects storage tank, storage by pipeline Groove a-road-through piping is sequentially connected dry-ice machine and dry ice carrier vehicle, and storage tank another way is sequentially connected liquid titanium dioxide by pipeline Carbon pump, liquid carbon dioxide heater and liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is further through another liquid dioxy Change carbon pump connection liquid carbon dioxide carrier vehicle.
The premise of production liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice is that have sufficient gaseous carbon dioxide as raw material, utilizes LNG's It is typically using the byproduct carbon dioxide in chemical plant as raw material that cold energy, which manufactures liquid carbon dioxide or dry ice, it is possible to achieve chemical plant The enterprise of contour CO2 emission realizes carbon dioxide zero discharge.At present in a large amount of fixed generation CO2Thermal power plant and Steel plant etc. cure recycling CO by the use of the LNG cold energy class as fuel2, it is the important topic discussed now.This scheme is not The energy is only greatly saved, and controls the greenhouse gases CO of current global concern2Discharge.
With traditional liquefaction CO2And dry ice producing technique is compared, dropped significantly using the load of the refrigeration plant of LNG cold energy Low, power consumption reduces by 30%~40%.With byproduct CO caused by chemical plant2For raw material, liquefaction is produced using LNG cold energy CO2And dry ice, the cost and power consumption of raw material can be largely reduced, while the liquefaction CO produced2And dry ice high purity 99.99%.But the LNG cold energy of -162 DEG C of utilization produces the liquid CO that potential temperature is -70 DEG C2, processLoss it is very big, be very without Ji, so to develop the cascade utilization scheme of LNG cold energy, make every effort to improve the cold energy use efficiency of LNG to greatest extent.
The method using the LNG cold energy low-temperature grinding waste olds after completion liquefaction separation air has two kinds：One Kind is first to separate LNG for air, is then crushed with the liquid nitrogen frozen rubber powder after separation.Another kind is using nitrogen as refrigerant The cold energy of LNG is recycled, and uses it for rubber low-temperature grinding.Nitrogen and -150 DEG C of LNG exchange heat and obtain cold energy, temperature drop It is used for the freezing and crushing of rubber to -95 DEG C or so rear input refrigerating chambers and Lowtemperaturepulverizer.Waste tire is through being tentatively broken into After the micelle of certain particle size, then it is sent to fore-cooling room after magnetic separation, screening and drying and is tentatively cooled down, it is cold is then fed into refrigerating chamber Freeze, the micelle after freezing is brittle crushes in Lowtemperaturepulverizer.Concrete technology is as shown in Figure 4.It is right after the cold energy of nitrogen recycling LNG Refrigerating chamber and Lowtemperaturepulverizer cool down, and the nitrogen after cooling passes through fore-cooling room, cools down to fore-cooling room, fully heat exchange The first water cooled device cooling, then heat exchange is carried out through heat exchanger and LNG after compressor of nitrogen afterwards.Waste tire is after broken Pass through boulder crusher, fine crusher, magnetic separator, sifter, micelle storehouse and drier successively, then in turn through fore-cooling room's precooling and cold Freeze room freezing, heat exchange occurs with nitrogen, deep cooling crush is finally carried out by cryogenic pulverization machine, the material after crushing is screened, bag Dress obtains rubber powder.After nitrogen and -150 DEG C of LNG exchange heat in heat exchanger, and obtain cold energy and liquefy, drop to -95 DEG C of left sides The right side, inputs in refrigerating chamber and Lowtemperaturepulverizer, rubber is freezed and is crushed.
Traditional cryogenic crushing process come frozen rubber, causes the use that degrades of energy using -196 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, and And production cost (110~115kg liquid nitrogen need to be consumed by often producing 110kg rubber powders) is improved, it is economically impractical.LNG cold energy The refrigeration plants such as expanding machine are not required in deep cooling crush rubber process, save the electric power of these equipment consumption, save equipment throwing Money and energy consumption cost, greatly reduce construction cost.
Waste old has higher calorific value (29~37MJ/kg), and alternative coal is used for doing fuel, but can give off exhaust gas Air is polluted, and the chemical products quality such as fuel gas extracted by thermal cracking is low, operating cost is high, in the prior art Upper economy is infeasible.But if by rubber pulverizing into rubber powder, the process for reducing desulfurization and refining, greatly saves wealth Power, material resources and manpower, while there is no the secondary pollutions such as waste water, exhaust gas and dust.Waste old low-temperature grinding can be given birth to safely The fine glue powder of high added value at production, rubber powder is direct or modified can be widely applied to rubber plastic product, chemical building material, highway The fields such as traffic, can not only substitute part raw rubber, but also can improve the performance of product.
Using LNG cold energy carry out warehouse refrigeration method be：As shown in figure 5, LNG and refrigerant are subjected to heat by heat exchanger Amount exchange, cooled refrigerant sequentially enter sharp freezing device (- 60 DEG C), freezer (- 35 DEG C), freezer (0 DEG C with Under), (0~10 DEG C) of pre-cooler progress frozen goods, such LNG cold energyLoss will be greatly lowered, whole flow process Operating cost have dropped 37.5% compared with mechanical refrigeration mode.
Traditional freezer maintains the low temperature required by freezer using multistage or superposition type Cempression engine refrigerating apparatus, and power consumption is huge Greatly.This that LNG and refrigerant are carried out heat exchange by heat exchanger, cooled refrigerant flows through pipeline and enters freezer, finally exists The freezing and refrigeration to article in freezer is realized by cooling coil in freezer, so as to save refrigeration machine, is reduced substantial amounts of initial Investment, also a saving more than 30% electric power.Significantly cut down using LNG cold energy construction food product refrigeration/fresh-keeping also construction cost, Efficiently use the advantages that floor space, noise vibration are small, failure is few, temperature recovery is fast in easy-maintaining, freezer.It is illustrated in figure 6 LNG cold energy is used for the device flow chart of freezing-cooling storeroom.Complete the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And dry ice or low temperature By heat exchanger and refrigerating medium heat exchange occurs for the LNG after pulverizing waste rubber first, and cold is passed to refrigerating medium, refrigerating medium It is stored in cold-storage groove, cold is delivered in freezer by the circulation of ammoniacal liquor.The refrigerating medium generally selected is ethylene glycol solution Or freon.
Freezer is to realize specific temperature and humidity, for processing or storing the building of food, the raw material of industry etc..Root Different according to frozen goods, freezer can be divided into sharp freezing storehouse, cryogenic freezing storehouse, freezer and pre-cooling storehouse, above freezer Temperature control respectively at -60 DEG C, -35 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 0~10 DEG C.The scheme of LNG cold energy cascade utilizations is such as used, by LNG cold energy Above-mentioned 4 kinds of freezers are respectively led to by medium, can largely reduce cold energyDamage.
Sea water desalination is the less salt that can be directly used the turn seawater of high salinity for people by a series of process The seawater or fresh water of degree.The method of sea water desalination at present has many kinds, and the method for desalting seawater that LNG energy can be utilized cold is freezing Method.The mainly formation including ice crystal, washing, separation, the thawing etc. of freezing technique.Therefore, the core of freezing sea water desalination Point it is the crystallization process of seawater, the salinity of this fine or not direct relation of crystallization fresh water to the end.
Different according to the mode that cold is provided to seawater, freezing sea water desalination is divided into a variety of forms, utilizes LNG The method that cold energy carries out sea water desalination has：The direct contact freezing of indirect freezing method, refrigerant, vacuum-freezing process.
The direct contact freezing of the refrigerant, is that refrigerant or refrigerant directly contact with seawater and make the side of seawater icing Method.Since contact area is big, this method has that heat transfer efficiency is high, can be compared with being carried out under Low Temperature Difference the characteristics of.Detailed process is： Enter by the sea water mixing after refrigerant, with precooling of not soluble in water, the power-consuming refrigerant close to seawater freezing point in crystallizer.It is cold Medium gasization is absorbed heat, and seawater freezing freezes, the substantially latent heat of exchange.Gaseous refrigerant iso-butane is gone out at the top of crystallizer Enter the cooling liquefaction of LNG heat exchangers afterwards, be sprayed onto in the seawater of crystallizer and recycle after pump pressurizes.Raw material sea by precooling Water, enters in crystallizer and heat exchange occurs with iso-butane.Ice crystal is cooled into, then brine ice is entered in scrubbing tower, The ice crystal of washing gained is transported in melter, is melted and is obtained fresh water.Technological process is as shown in Figure 7.
The advantages of this technique is：Using middle refrigerant and seawater direct contact heat transfer, heat exchange efficiency is very high, often consumes 1kgLNG can obtain 1.8L fresh water, a kind of preferable method of principle above formula；Shortcoming is, from the point of view of the document of reference, to this method Research be essentially blank, lack enough theories integrations, technology is not mature enough, from simulation calculate from the point of view of, icing device also compares It is larger.
The utilization temperature range table of cold energy use technique
Embodiment 1：
As shown in figure 8, the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods for the separation air that liquefied using cold energy, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, liquefied the progress low-temperature grinding waste old of the LNG cold energy after separating air using completion；
S3, carry out warehouse refrigeration using completing the LNG cold energy after low-temperature grinding waste old.
According to thermodynamic calculation method, the techniqueIt is as follows to damage calculating process：
Ex represents single stage process；It is total that EX represents scheme
Pressure:exp=T0RIn(p/p0),
Sensible heat is cold：exc,s=cp(T-T0)+cpT0ln(T0/T)
Latent heat is cold:
：Ex=exp+exc,s+exc,l。
1. liquefaction separation air
exp=-162kJ/kg；exc,s=53.5kJ/kg；exc,l=373.1kJ/kg；Ex=265kJ/kg
2. low-temperature grinding waste old
exp=-40.8kJ/kg；exc,s=8.4kJ/kg；exc,l=104.7kJ/kg；Ex=72.3kJ/kg
3. cold storage warehouse
exp=50.4kJ/kg；exc,s=13.0kJ/kg；exc,l=119.2kJ/kg；Ex=182.6kJ/kg
EX=519.9kJ/kg.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in figure 9, the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods for the separation air that liquefied using cold energy, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, liquefied the progress low-temperature grinding waste old of the LNG cold energy after separating air using completion；
S3, carry out sea water desalination using completing the LNG cold energy after low-temperature grinding waste old.
1. liquefaction separation air
exp=-162kJ/kg；exc,s=53.5kJ/kg；exc,l=373.1kJ/kg；Ex=265kJ/kg
2. low-temperature grinding waste old
exp=-106.1kJ/kg；exc,s=8.4kJ/kg；exc,l=104.7kJ/kg；Ex=7.0kJ/kg
3. sea water desalination
exp=131.1kJ/kg；exc.s=13.03kJ/kg；exc,l=119.2kJ/kg；Ex=263.3kJ/kg
EX=535.3kJ/kg.
Embodiment 3：
As shown in Figure 10, liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, using complete liquefy separation air after LNG cold energy produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice；
S3, produce liquefaction CO using completion2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice carries out warehouse refrigeration.
1. liquefaction separation air
exp=-174.8kJ/kg；exc,s=15.3kJ/kg；exc,l=191.1kJ/kg；Ex=31.6kJ/kg
2. produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice
exp=28.4kJ/kg；exc,s=25.6kJ/kg；exc,l=211.2kJ/kg；Ex=265.2kJ/kg
3. cold storage warehouse
exp=50.4kJ/kg；exc,s=22.7kJ/kg；exc,l=165.2kJ/kg；Ex=238.3kJ/kg
EX=535.1kJ/kg
Embodiment 4：
As shown in figure 11, liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, using complete liquefy separation air after LNG cold energy produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice；
S3, produce liquefaction CO using completion2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice carries out sea water desalination.
1. liquefaction separation air
exp=-197.7kJ/kg；exc,s=31.9kJ/kg；exc,l=282.1kJ/kg；Ex=116.3kJ/kg
2. produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice
exp=30.4kJ/kg；exc,s=20.2kJ/kg；exc,l=175.1kJ/kg；Ex=225.8kJ/kg
3. sea water desalination
exp=50.4kJ/kg；exc,s=13.0kJ/kg；exc,l=119.2kJ/kg；Ex=182.6kJ/kg
EX=524.7kJ/kg.
Embodiment 5：
As shown in figure 12, liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, the progress associated gas lime set recycling of the LNG cold energy after separating air of being liquefied using completion；
S3, using complete associated gas lime set recycling after LNG cold energy carry out warehouse refrigeration.
1. liquefaction separation air
exp=-210.0kJ/kg；exc,s=15.3kJ/kg；exc,l=191.1kJ/kg；Ex=-3.5kJ/kg
2. associated gas lime set recycles
exp=84kJ/kg；exc,s=38.9kJ/kg；exc,l=264.1kJ/kg；Ex=387kJ/kg
3. cold storage warehouse
exp=50.4kJ/kg；exc,s=13.0kJ/kg；exc,l=119.2kJ/kg；Ex=182.6kJ/kg
EX=566.1kJ/kg
Embodiment 6：
As shown in figure 13, liquefied using cold energy and separate the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of air, it comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, the progress associated gas lime set recycling of the LNG cold energy after separating air of being liquefied using completion；
S3, using complete associated gas lime set recycling after LNG cold energy carry out sea water desalination.
1. liquefaction separation air
exp=-210.0kJ/kg；ext=15.3kJ/kg；exc,l=191.1kJ/kg；Ex=-3.5kJ/kg
2. associated gas lime set recycles
exp=231kJ/kg；ext=34.5kJ/kg；exc,l=247.5kJ/kg；Ex=512.7kJ/kg
3. sea water desalination
exp=-137.2kJ/kg；ext=13.0kJ/kg；exc,l=119.2kJ/kg；Ex=-5.0kJ/kg
EX=504.2kJ/kg.
Embodiment 5 is understood by above-mentioned result of calculationIt is more using doing, can be as the presently preferred embodiments.
Storage tank LNG is by -162 DEG C of initial state, 0.1MPa releasable 950kJ/kg cold energy when reaching with environmental balance state, with reference to upper Each scheme cold energy use efficiency can be obtained by stating six kinds of cascade utilization schemes.
Efficiency calculation formula is：
Embodiment is numbered η(%)
1 54.73%
2 56.35%
3 56.33%
4 55.23%
5 59.59%
6 53.07%

Claims (1)

1. using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy liquefaction separation air, it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
S1, carry out liquefaction separation air using LNG cold energy；
S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy after completion liquefaction separation air or produce liquefaction CO2It is and dry Ice or low-temperature grinding waste old；
S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old Carry out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination.
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