CN107939386A - Cross the signal procesing in time domain method of casing differential resistance rate well logging - Google Patents
Cross the signal procesing in time domain method of casing differential resistance rate well logging Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of signal procesing in time domain method for crossing the well logging of casing differential resistance rate：Obtain forward conduction, positive shut-off, reverse-conducting and the reverse transient electromagnetic sensing for turning off four moment and receive waveform；Adjacent depth point becomes electromagnetic induction received wave shape and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response waveform 1,2,3；Adjacent depth point difference in response replaces response difference at box cupling to remove box cupling influence；The maximum of four time of day response difference waveforms 1,2,3 is selected respectively, and maximum is converted into formation conductivity difference curve；The formation conductivity difference curve at an optional moment in any bar difference in response waveform, well section formation conductivity curve measured by integration acquisition；Same method is applied to difference in response waveform other moment, generates corresponding well section formation conductivity curve；The above method is respectively applied to another four moment of two difference in response waveforms, generates corresponding well section formation conductivity curve；It is added after all formation conductivity curves are weighted, inverted acquisition formation resistivity curve.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum works well logging construction middle sleeve well stratum physical parameters measurement and the Special instrument of assessment of rock properties
Device technical field, more specifically, being to be related to a kind of signal procesing in time domain method for crossing the well logging of casing differential resistance rate.
Background technology
During oil development, the formation resistivity measurement under the conditions of cased well is very important, and can use difference
Remaining oil in stratum in the resistivity distributed intelligence evaluation development process of formation resistivity or different depth measured by period
Distribution, for adjustment development plan concrete foundation is provided.Existing casing formation resistivity logging of crossing uses galvanic methods, will
Electrode pushes against internal surface of sleeve pipe, is powered by electrode to casing and stratum, the electric current on stratum is flowed through in measurement and voltage obtains stratum
Resistivity.Since the electrical conductivity of casing is very high, the DC current provided is largely flowed along casing, into the electric current on stratum
Usually seldom, the original measurement voltage formed is very low, generally receives and lies prostrate level.Contact shadow of the measurement also between by electrode and casing
Ring, need to remove the greasy dirt of casing inner arm before logging well for this, and need bigger thrust to shift electrode onto internal surface of sleeve pipe to protect
Demonstrate,prove the good contact between electrode and casing.This causes the complicated in mechanical structure of used instrument.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided one kind crosses the well logging of casing differential resistance rate
Signal procesing in time domain method, the effective information in the transient electromagnetic log response waveform measured in cased well is extracted, and
Formation conductivity full curve is processed into use for formation evaluation.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of signal procesing in time domain method for crossing the well logging of casing differential resistance rate, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, transient electromagnetic well logging is using forward conduction, positive shut-off, reverse-conducting and the excitation side reversely turned off
Formula, the characteristics of for this four time of day response waveforms, obtains the electromagnetic induction signal of the vortex field excitation at this four moment, i.e., and four
The transient electromagnetic sensing at a moment receives waveform；
Step 2, receives waveform with the transient electromagnetic sensing of two neighboring depth point and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response waveform 1, per phase
The transient electromagnetic sensing of adjacent three depth points Zhong Liangge depth points (every a depth point) receives waveform and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response ripple
Shape 2, the transient electromagnetic sensing per adjacent four depth points Zhong Liangge depth points (every two depth points) receive waveform and subtract each other acquisition
Difference in response waveform 3；
Step 3, difference in response waveform 1, difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3 casing collar location difference in response much
More than the difference in response amplitude of other depth points, positive spike and undershoot are formed, is replaced with the difference in response of adjacent depth point at box cupling
Response difference remove the influence of box cupling；
The amplitude pole of step 4, respectively the difference in response waveform 1 at four moment of selection, difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3
Big value, formation conductivity difference curve is converted into by the difference in response wave-shape amplitude maximum at this four moment；
Step 5, the formation conductivity difference curve at an optional moment, i.e. electrical conductivity in any one difference in response waveform
With the differential of depth, the initial value of a formation conductivity is given in the position on stratum thicker (being more than 1 meter), uses digital integration
Method formation conductivity difference curve is integrated, i.e., formation conductivity difference curve is multiplied by depth interval, then add up
The formation conductivity curve of well section measured by acquisition；Same method is applied to the stratum at other moment in the difference in response waveform
Electrical conductivity difference curve, generates the formation conductivity curve of corresponding well section；
The method of step 5, is respectively applied to the stratum conductance at four moment in two other difference in response waveform by step 6
Rate difference curve, generates the formation conductivity curve of corresponding well section；
Step 7, it is final to be added acquisition after all formation conductivity curves weighting that step 5 is obtained with step 6
Measured formation conductivity curve, formation resistivity curve is obtained after inverted.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect caused by technical scheme is：
(1) present invention is subtracted each other using adjacent depth point measured waveform removes the response of electromagnetic induction direct-coupling, and utilization is adjacent
One depth point, two neighboring depth point and adjacent three depth point measured waveforms, which are subtracted each other, removes electromagnetic induction direct-coupling sound
Should, prominent formation conductivity is poor；
(2) present invention is subtracted each other using adjacent depth point measured waveform removes shadow of the bore parameters change to formation conductivity
Ringing, influence of the formation parameter change to transient electromagnetic log response is bigger, such as the casing deformation of wellbore and casing corrosion etc.,
These influences can effectively be removed by being subtracted each other with adjacent depth point measured waveform, the change of prominent formation conductivity；
(3) present invention realized the continuous measurement of casing formation resistivity, obtained the electricity of cased well passes measurement well section
Resistance rate curve.The full curve can be used for the remaining oil distribution for analyzing oil reservoir in measured well section, adjust development plan, analysis
Water Flooding Layer；
(4) present invention effectively eliminates the influence of response wave shape middle sleeve, that is, overcomes the survey of casing formation resistivity
The greatest difficulty that well is faced；Only it is left the electrical conductivity information on stratum or effectively extracts from measured response waveform
The electrical conductivity information on stratum；
(5) present invention utilizes adjacent depth point measured waveform to subtract each other later difference in response waveform and directly displays formation conductivity
The image of difference, the image of electrical conductivity difference can be directly using the identification of remaining oil and Water Flooding Layer；
(6) present invention is subtracted each other using adjacent depth point measured waveform obtains formation conductivity difference signal, realizes direct survey
Measure the through casing resistivity logging Instrument Design of formation conductivity difference；
(7) present invention opens the processing of transient electromagnetic through casing resistivity logging data and one of data evaluation is newly led
Domain；A plurality of measured formation resistivity curve at different moments can be obtained from difference in response waveform；With difference on depth direction
The response wave shape poor (differential) of depth shows the electrical conductivity difference information on stratum, obtain different depth stratum electrical conductivity difference it is straight
Measured value is connect, development process can be judged with the conductivity variations inside Direct Analysis oil reservoir, passage time passage well logging with the value
In each oil reservoir oiliness situation of change.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is original well logging interface schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is in response to waveform time domain processing block diagram；
4th source of Fig. 3 (a) adjacent depth points measurement away from original waveform subtract each other after obtained waveform difference width
Spend distribution schematic diagram；
(b) it is the resistivity changed after numerical integration of waveform difference amplitude of the 200th point (ms) with the change of depth
Curve synoptic diagram；
Fig. 4 formation resistivity logging curve processing example schematics：
(a) it is not have graduated resistivity curve schematic diagram；
(b) it is difference in response curve synoptic diagram at 120ms；
(c) it is electrical conductivity difference distribution schematic diagram in 1-400ms sections at different moments.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention is based on electromagnetic induction principle, coil excitation transient electromagnetic field is used in cased well, by electromagnetic induction side
The electromagnetic induction signal of the transient eddy current field excitation of method measurement stratum, is received, it is not necessary to, can with casing-contact with coil in well
It is poor continuously to measure the formation conductivity of two neighboring depth point, there is provided the formation conductivity differential curve of cased well different depth
With resistivity differential imaging.New data and information are provided for the evaluation of remaining oil.Since the frequency of transient electromagnetic field is low, ground
The vortex electromagnetic induction signal that layer produces is small, also very hidden with formation resistivity very little for information about in original signal.Need to borrow
Help the electromagnetic induction response of cased well, design special processing method and processing system.Formation resistivity is divided in waveform
The information of cloth all extracts, and according still further to transient electromagnetic logging theory, these useful informations are combined, generation stratum electricity
Resistance rate indicative curve, becomes the resistivity on stratum after scaleover.
The signal procesing in time domain method for crossing the well logging of casing differential resistance rate of the present invention, was used for the survey of casing formation resistivity
The original waveform data of well collection is handled, and obtains the resistivity on stratum, detailed process is as follows：
Step 1, the processing of time domain waveform.Transient electromagnetic well logging using forward conduction, positive shut-off, reverse-conducting and
The mode of excitation reversely turned off.At this four moment, the curent change of coil is very big, and the transient electromagnetic field correspondingly excited is very
By force, the vortex field excited in stratum and casing is also very strong.It is not homologous away from log response waveform arrived in this four receptions
Electromagnetic induction response wave shape changes in amplitude it is fast.The characteristics of time-domain processing is aiming at this four time of day response waveforms, obtains
The electromagnetic induction signal of the vortex field excitation at this four moment, i.e., the transient electromagnetic sensing at four moment receive waveform.
Step 2, it is directly bigger from the signal amplitude of transmitting coil sensing in transient electromagnetic senses and receives waveform, be
Effectively remove these direct-coupling signals, and consider influence of the borehole condition change to effective information extraction in real time, when
Between domain processing receive waveform with the sensing of the transient electromagnetic of two neighboring depth point first and subtract each other and obtain difference in response waveform 1, per adjacent
The transient electromagnetic sensing of three depth points Zhong Liangge depth points (every a depth point) receives waveform and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response waveform
2, the transient electromagnetic sensing reception waveform per adjacent four depth points Zhong Liangge depth points (every two depth points), which subtracts each other, to be rung
Should poor waveform 3.
Step 3, removes box cupling influence.Difference in response waveform 1, difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3 are used into image display
It was found that：In casing collar location, difference in response is very big, is far longer than the waveform difference amplitude of other depth points, forms a change very
Fast positive spike and undershoot, two peak value close proximities, have an impact resistivity curve, are embodied in：Resistance at box cupling
Rate curve has downward ace, these aces are not the electrical conductivity on stratum, but the influence of box cupling is, it is necessary to remove.With adjacent depth
The difference in response of degree point can effectively remove the influence of box cupling instead of the response difference at box cupling.The image display of other depth
The difference of adjacent earth formations electrical conductivity.
Step 4, selects the difference in response of four moment (forward conduction, positive shut-off, reverse-conducting and reversely shut-off) respectively
The amplitude maximum of waveform 1, difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3, with different calibration factors respectively by these maximum with
Formation conductivity difference opening relationships (respectively that these maximum scales are poor into formation conductivity with different calibration factors), by this
Difference in response waveform (difference in response waveform 1, the difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3) amplitude maximum at four moment is converted into
Formation conductivity difference curve.
Step 5, the every bit amplitude of difference in response wavy curve is all directly proportional to electrical conductivity difference, in any one difference in response
Optional a moment (forward conduction or positive shut-off in waveform (difference in response waveform 1 or difference in response waveform 2 or difference in response waveform 3)
Or reverse-conducting or reversely shut-off) formation conductivity difference curve, it is poor up to electrical conductivity that difference in response is multiplied by after calibration factor, i.e.,
Electrical conductivity gives the initial value of a formation conductivity in the position on stratum thicker (being more than 1 meter), uses number with the differential of depth
The method of word integration integrates formation conductivity difference curve, i.e., formation conductivity difference curve is multiplied by depth interval, then into
The formation conductivity curve of well section measured by the cumulative acquisition of row.Same method is applied to other moment in the difference in response waveform
Formation conductivity difference curve, generate the formation conductivity curve of corresponding well section.Wherein, calibration factor is obtained by graduation apparatus
, i.e., linear relationship is established with the difference in response of known formation conductivity and each point in graduation apparatus, its slope is scale system
Number.
The method of step 5, is respectively applied to the stratum conductance at four moment in two other difference in response waveform by step 6
Rate difference curve, generates the formation conductivity curve of corresponding well section.
Step 7, it is final to be added acquisition after all formation conductivity curves weighting that step 5 is obtained with step 6
Measured formation conductivity curve, formation resistivity curve is obtained after inverted.
Embodiment：
The present invention crosses the signal procesing in time domain method of casing differential resistance rate well logging, includes the following steps：
First, shown in Fig. 1 it is interface that transient electromagnetic crosses casing practical logging, (a) is supporting Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves
With magnetic orientation curve, the depth for stratum where determining instrument；(b) it is that (sometime), casing stratum is crossed in measurement in real time
Resistivity logging four it is not homologous away from original well logging waveform, constantly refresh in well logging.There are four in each oscillogram
The change of moment waveform is violent, corresponds respectively to the forward conduction of transient electromagnetic well logging transmitting coil excitation waveform, forward direction turns off, anti-
To conducting and reverse shut-off moment.Because the coil current change at this four moment is greatly, the transient electromagnetic field strength of excitation, on stratum
It is also strong with the vortex that is excited in casing.Four sources away from changes in amplitude of the log response waveform near this four moment it is fast.Ripple
The characteristics of time-domain of shape is handled aiming at this four time of day response waveforms, extracts the electromagnetism of this four moment vortex field excitations
Inductive signal, i.e., the transient electromagnetic sensing at four moment receive waveform.
2nd, it is directly big from the signal amplitude of transmitting coil sensing in transient electromagnetic senses and receives waveform, much larger than stratum
Response caused by change in resistance.In order to effectively remove these direct-coupling signals, and borehole condition change is considered in real time
Influence to effective information extraction, the processing block diagram of time-domain processing are as shown in Figure 2.First with the well logging of two neighboring depth point
Response wave shape, which subtracts each other, obtains difference in response waveform, then indicates that the electrical conductivity on adjacent depth stratum is poor with difference in response waveform.
3rd, difference in response waveform is obtained into Fig. 3 with image display, wherein ordinate is the time, there are 400 points, represents two
Change of the transient waveform difference of adjacent depth survey in 400ms.Fig. 3 (a) is that away from waveform, (Fig. 1 (b) is nethermost in the 4th source
Waveform) difference of waveform measured by two neighboring depth point, measured cased well is Scientific Exploration well, there is two layers of casing, internal layer
Difference in response at casing coupling is big, is distributed in 0 and arrives 400ms regions, the difference in response of outer layer sleeve box cupling is smaller, is only distributed in
In middle 100-300ms sections.The response difference of 200ms positions is taken, plus after initial value and integrating, integral result is taken down
Number obtains the curve of Fig. 3 (b), the hoop position of two layers of casing in the key reaction surveying range.
4th, since direct-coupling signal does not change with depth, so the two neighboring depth point of response wave shape difference key reaction
The change of formation conductivity, four moment of selection (forward conduction, positive shut-off, reverse-conducting and anti-are obtained by calibration system
To shut-off) difference in response wave-shape amplitude maximum and formation conductivity difference between coefficient after, difference in response waveform can be changed
For the electrical conductivity difference waveform on stratum.
5th, the electrical conductivity difference for selecting moment forms electrical conductivity difference curve, i.e., electrical conductivity with depth differential, on ground
The thicker position of layer gives the initial value of a formation conductivity, with the method for digital integration respectively to electrical conductivity difference curve into
Row integration, i.e., be multiplied by depth interval by electrical conductivity difference curve, then carries out the cumulative formation conductivity that can obtain measured well section
Curve.Fig. 4 is a processing example, and with cased hole formation resistivity variation tendency of the source away from 1 waveform processing, (c) is adjacent depth
The difference in response waveform of degree, the electrical conductivity of directly reaction adjacent earth formations is poor, and (b) is the difference in response for taking 120ms positions, has reacted adjacent
2 points of electrical conductivity is poor, and due to there is two layers of casing at casing coupling, adjacent 2 points of electrical conductivity difference is obvious, so adjacent 2 points
Difference in response waveform acute variation, wherein, the difference in response of memory casing coupling is big, and the difference in response of outer layer sleeve is small, is in figure
Reveal spike.(a) be formation resistivity variation tendency not through scaleover, will among electrical conductivity difference add an initial value
Inverted obtained change in resistance trend again, its shape and the resistivity curve variation tendency measured by open hole well are integrated later
Unanimously, up to the resistivity curve on stratum after calibration system.
6th, above-mentioned same method is applied to the electrical conductivity difference curve of other two difference in response waveforms, can generate measurement
The formation conductivity curve of well section.Wherein, two depth during other two difference in response waveforms are referred to per adjacent three depth points
The transient electromagnetic sensing of point (every a depth point) receives waveform and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response waveform, and per adjacent four depth points
In the transient electromagnetic sensings of two depth points (every two depth points) receive waveform and subtract each other and obtain difference in response waveform.
7th, it will be added after all conductance profiles weighting of this three difference in response waveforms and obtain final measured stratum
Conductance profile, take and obtain the resistivity curve on stratum after its inverse.
The present invention handles the time domain waveform for crossing casing formation resistivity logging.With the difference of adjacent depth survey waveform
Remove direct-coupling signal, waveform caused by prominent formation resistivity change changes, and obtains directly referring to for formation resistivity information
Show, the feasibility of this method has been affirmed with the original well logging waveform obtained in the well with ectonexine casing, and significantly
Show the difference of ectonexine casing coupling.The equivalent resistivity at casing coupling can be obtained with the described method of this patent
Curve.The conductance profile on stratum can be obtained later by further removing the influence of casing coupling.Stratum is obtained after inverted
Resistivity curve.The curve is continuous, it is achieved thereby that crossing the continuous measurement of casing formation resistivity.
Although the function and the course of work of the present invention are described above in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention is not limited in
Above-mentioned concrete function and the course of work, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restricted, ability
The those of ordinary skill in domain is not departing from present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection situation under the enlightenment of the present invention
Under, many forms can also be made, these are belonged within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. signal procesing in time domain method for crossing the well logging of casing differential resistance rate, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Step 1, transient electromagnetic well logging is using forward conduction, positive shut-off, reverse-conducting and the mode of excitation reversely turned off, pin The characteristics of to this four time of day response waveforms, obtain the electromagnetic induction signal of the vortex field excitation at this four moment, i.e., at four The transient electromagnetic sensing at quarter receives waveform；Step 2, receives waveform with the transient electromagnetic sensing of two neighboring depth point and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response waveform 1, per adjacent three The transient electromagnetic sensing of a depth point Zhong Liangge depth points (every a depth point) receives waveform and subtracts each other acquisition difference in response waveform 2, Transient electromagnetic sensing reception waveform per adjacent four depth points Zhong Liangge depth points (every two depth points), which subtracts each other, to be responded Poor waveform 3；Step 3, difference in response waveform 1, difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3 are far longer than in the difference in response of casing collar location The difference in response amplitude of other depth points, forms positive spike and undershoot, and the sound at box cupling is replaced with the difference in response of adjacent depth point Difference is answered to remove the influence of box cupling；The extreme magnitude of step 4, respectively the difference in response waveform 1 at four moment of selection, difference in response waveform 2 and difference in response waveform 3 Value, formation conductivity difference curve is converted into by the difference in response wave-shape amplitude maximum at this four moment；Step 5, the formation conductivity difference curve at an optional moment in any one difference in response waveform, i.e., electrical conductivity is with depth The differential of degree, gives the initial value of a formation conductivity, with the side of digital integration in the position on stratum thicker (being more than 1 meter) Method integrates formation conductivity difference curve, i.e., formation conductivity difference curve is multiplied by depth interval, then carries out cumulative acquisition The formation conductivity curve of measured well section；Same method is applied to the stratum conductance at other moment in the difference in response waveform Rate difference curve, generates the formation conductivity curve of corresponding well section；Step 6, the formation conductivity that the method for step 5 is respectively applied to four moment in two other difference in response waveform are poor Curve, generates the formation conductivity curve of corresponding well section；Step 7, is added acquisition after all formation conductivity curves weighting that step 5 is obtained with step 6 and is finally surveyed The formation conductivity curve of amount, formation resistivity curve is obtained after inverted.
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| CN109358367A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-19 | 天津大学 | A kind of horizontal moving shallow transient electromagnetic fine granularing scalability method |
| CN111188611A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Cased well deconvolution resistivity processing method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109143390A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-04 | 天津大学 | A kind of shallow transient electromagnetic fine granularing scalability method based on geometrical factor |
| CN111188611A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Cased well deconvolution resistivity processing method |
| CN109358367A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-19 | 天津大学 | A kind of horizontal moving shallow transient electromagnetic fine granularing scalability method |
| CN109358367B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-05-19 | 天津大学 | Transverse moving type shallow transient electromagnetic fine exploration method |
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