CN107916465B - Method for preparing energy conversion fiber - Google Patents
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- CN107916465B CN107916465B CN201711306808.2A CN201711306808A CN107916465B CN 107916465 B CN107916465 B CN 107916465B CN 201711306808 A CN201711306808 A CN 201711306808A CN 107916465 B CN107916465 B CN 107916465B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/02—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from cellulose, cellulose derivatives, or proteins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of energy conversion fibers, and belongs to the technical field of textile fibers. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch; 2) preparing nanofibers with piezoelectric effect; 3) preparing energy conversion fibers; the preparation method specifically comprises the steps of carrying out melt spinning on thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batches and piezoelectric master batches through a bi-component composite spinning machine to prepare the nanofiber with the skin-core structure or orange-lobe structure piezoelectric effect, and coating a phase-change material in the subsequent twisting process to prepare the energy conversion fiber. Compared with common fibers, the specific surface area of the prepared fiber is increased, various deformations of the fiber can be output by electric signals, the response temperature of the fiber is widened by coating the phase-change material, the capture range of heat energy is enlarged, and the fiber can efficiently convert the heat energy into electric energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to energy collection and conversion, belongs to the technical field of textile fibers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an energy conversion fiber.
Background
The energy problem is a hot topic for a long time, and how to reasonably utilize energy becomes one of the most key problems when the energy conservation and environmental protection are vigorously advocated. At present, energy conservation and environmental protection are only controlled when energy is used, the energy is efficiently utilized, limited energy is applied for a longer time, and the problem of energy waste is not fundamentally solved. Until now, any machine designed by human beings is accompanied with energy loss in the operation process, the heat emitted during the operation of the machine has the influence on the normal operation of most machines and can not be recycled after being dissipated in the air, and the energy lost due to heating accounts for a large proportion in many fields. For example, a large machine in a factory generates a large amount of heat in the production process, and a plurality of cooling measures have to be adopted, otherwise, the operation of the machine is greatly influenced, but huge energy is consumed in the cooling process; the television, the notebook computer, the mobile phone and the like used in daily life can continuously release heat when in use, not only can cause damage to the batteries of the mobile phone and the computer and even cause explosion, but also is an intangible energy loss. Therefore, the heat lost to the air every day is not the most, but cannot be collected; for this reason, a large number of devices having an energy harvesting function have been developed.
The energy collecting device converts one or more kinds of energy into other one or more kinds of energy by utilizing the characteristics of the energy collecting device, for example, the heat energy, the light energy, the wind energy and the like are converted into other energy which is more needed by people. The general heat energy collecting device is that a metal sheet is added around a machine, the metal sheet is heated by utilizing the redundant heat generated when the machine works, and then the metal sheet is used for preserving or heating other substances, so that the dissipated heat is reused.
For example, a Chinese utility model (application publication No. CN200940966Y, application publication No. 2007-8-29) discloses a waste heat collecting device of an injection molding machine. A device capable of fully recycling the waste heat of a heating section of a machine barrel of the existing injection molding machine is introduced. The waste heat collecting device of the injection molding machine is composed of metal sheets, is arranged around the heating section of the machine barrel in a surrounding mode, is convenient to collect waste heat, and uses the heated metal sheets to keep the heat of the heating section of the injection molding machine, so that the waste heat of the injection molding machine is fully utilized. The collecting device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and installation, low cost and limited application range, and can only be used for machines such as injection molding machines and the like with other parts needing heating. Heat recovery is not efficient for most machines.
In addition, there are many methods for energy collection and conversion, for example, Chinese patent application (application publication No. CN103401474A, application publication No. 2013-11-20) discloses a magnetocaloric system. By conducting the collected thermal energy to the magnetocaloric unit, the thermal energy may be converted into mechanical energy. The magnetic heating system is suitable for medium and low temperature regions and can be produced in a large scale, but the magnetic heating device is too complicated, has a plurality of parts such as a heat energy collecting device, a heat energy transmission device, a magnetic heating unit, a power shaft and the like, is assembled into an energy collecting and converting device by utilizing a plurality of mechanical elements, does not meet the original purpose of collecting energy, is complicated to operate, does not meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, and can dissipate and dissipate energy while collecting energy.
At present, a plurality of novel flexible energy collecting devices have wider energy collecting range and more variable application. The waste heat generated by machinery can be utilized, and meanwhile, the energy can be stored under the temperature difference of a human body. For example, the Chinese invention patent (application publication No. CN104883095A, application publication No. 2015-9-2) discloses a heat energy collecting device of wearable equipment. A method for generating electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between the contact surface and the surface far away from the skin to supply electricity for wearing is disclosed. The method is simple and convenient, and can reasonably utilize heat energy when people wear clothes in daily life. However, the wearable device manufactured by the method needs to use an external power supply, consumes energy by the wearable device while reasonably utilizing a heat source, and is limited in application due to the fact that the wearable device has a plurality of devices. Finally, the wearable equipment needs to be attached to the skin as much as possible, and if the wearable equipment is attached to the skin, the process requirement is high, and multiple factors of softness and ventilation are considered; if it is not attached to the skin, its heat energy collection efficiency will be greatly reduced.
In conclusion, the existing energy collecting device has the problems of complicated device, narrow application range, incapability of fundamentally solving the problems of energy conservation, environmental protection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a preparation method of an energy conversion fiber capable of converting external energy into electric energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a preparation method of energy conversion fiber, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing the thermoplastic polymer master batch and cellulose acetate butyrate, and performing double-screw melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate master batch;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: respectively drying the thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch and the piezoelectric master batch prepared in the step 1), placing the dried thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch into a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine, placing the dried piezoelectric master batch into a single screw of the double-component composite spinning machine, and performing melt spinning through the double-component composite spinning machine to obtain nanofiber precursor with piezoelectric effect, wherein the nanofiber precursor with piezoelectric effect is subjected to acetone extraction to obtain cellulose acetate butyrate ester so as to obtain nanofiber with piezoelectric effect;
3) preparing energy conversion fibers: twisting the nanofiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) and coating a phase-change material in the twisting process to obtain the energy conversion fiber.
Further, in the step 2), the temperature of the twin-screw of the two-component composite spinning machine is set as follows: temperature in the first zone: 150-180 ℃; and a second zone: 190-240 ℃; and (3) three zones: 210-260 ℃; and (4) four areas: 200-280 ℃; and a fifth zone: 190-250 ℃; a sixth zone: 195-255 ℃; seven areas: 200 to 260 ℃.
Still further, in the step 2), the temperature of the single screw of the two-component composite spinning machine is set as follows: temperature in the first zone: 120-150 ℃; and a second zone: 140-180 ℃; and (3) three zones: 150-190 ℃; and (4) four areas: 160-200 ℃; and a fifth zone: 165-205 ℃; a sixth zone: 175-210 ℃; seven areas: 170-205 ℃.
Further, in the step 2), the drying is carried out in a rotary drum oven, the temperature of the rotary drum oven is set to be 100-120 ℃, and the continuous drying is carried out for at least 15 hours.
More preferably, the piezoelectric master batch is made of an organic piezoelectric material or a mixture of the organic piezoelectric material and an inorganic piezoelectric material, the organic piezoelectric material is one of polyvinylidene fluoride or nylon-11, and the inorganic piezoelectric material is one or more of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, modified lead zirconate titanate, lead metaniobate, lead barium lithium niobate and modified lead titanate.
Still more preferably, in the mixture of the organic piezoelectric material and the inorganic piezoelectric material, the content of the inorganic piezoelectric material is 20% by mass or less.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the pre-tension of the twisting can be 2-100 cn, the twisting speed is 100-2000 r/min, the twisting direction is Z twisting or S twisting or Z twisting and S twisting, and the twisting number of the fiber is 500-10000 twisting/m.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the phase-change material is one or more of paraffin, octadecane, lauric acid and capric acid.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the mass ratio of the thermoplastic polymer master batch to the cellulose acetate butyrate is 20: 80-50: 50, and the material of the thermoplastic polymer master batch is one of PP, PA6, PET, PVA-co-PE or PA 66.
Still further, the energy conversion fiber is of a sheath-core or orange-lobe construction.
As a preferred aspect of the technical solution of the present invention,
preferably, the thermoplastic polymer master batch is a PP master batch with the trademark of HJ200, the CAB is cellulose acetate butyrate with the trademark of 381-0.5 and low viscosity, and the piezoelectric master batch is polyvinylidene fluoride;
preferably, the thermoplastic polymer master batch is PA6 master batch with the trade name of 1013NW8, and the piezoelectric master batch is polyvinylidene fluoride;
preferably, the thermoplastic polymer master batch is PA6 master batch with the trade name of 1013NW8, and the piezoelectric master batch is PA 11;
preferably, the thermoplastic polymer master batch is PA6 master batch with the trade name of 1013NW8, and the piezoelectric master batch is a mixture of PVDF and barium titanate;
preferably, the material of the thermoplastic polymer master batch is a PET master batch with the trade mark LW-xg309, and the material of the piezoelectric master batch is a mixture of PVDF and lead meta-niobate;
preferably, the material of the thermoplastic polymer master batch is a PET master batch with the trade mark LW-xg309, and the material of the piezoelectric master batch is a mixture of PVDF, lead metaniobate and lead barium lithium niobate;
preferably, the thermoplastic polymer master batch is PVA-co-PE master batch with the mark 171B, and the piezoelectric master batch is a mixture of PA11 and barium titanate;
preferably, the thermoplastic polymer master batch is made of PA66 master batch with the mark of FX218, and the piezoelectric master batch is made of a mixture of PA11, barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate;
the thermoplastic polymer optimized by the invention has the characteristics of wide processing temperature range, good fluidity and high strength, and is beneficial to subsequent twisting.
The preferred CAB of the present invention has a low viscosity.
The preferred piezoelectric material of the invention has better piezoelectric effect and is easier to prepare into fiber.
The working principle of the energy conversion fiber of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the invention utilizes the change of external heat to deform the twisted fiber, and the fiber is provided with the piezoelectric material with piezoelectric effect, and the piezoelectric material deforms to generate electric energy, thereby achieving the purpose of energy conversion; meanwhile, the surface of the fiber is coated with the phase-change material, so that the fiber can correspond to the ambient temperature, and can adsorb a large amount of phase-change material due to the large specific area of the fiber, so that the fiber is more sensitive to the change of the ambient temperature, the response temperature is low, the response temperature is wide, and the collection of heat in the ambient environment is realized.
Has the advantages that:
1. the preparation method of the invention not only can generate voltage when the fiber is deformed by the piezoelectric material in the energy conversion fiber, but also can utilize the characteristic that the nanofiber in the energy conversion fiber has larger specific surface area and can adsorb a large amount of phase change materials, so that the nanofiber is more sensitive to the change of the environmental temperature, the response temperature is low, and the response temperature is wide.
2. The prepared hairy fiber structure also enables the energy conversion fiber to be easier to deform, can better convert heat energy into electric energy and output the electric energy, and the energy conversion fiber prepared by the method can be prepared into different products by various processes such as knitting, weaving, non-weaving and the like, so that the application range is wide, and the use is diversified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy conversion fiber twisting process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electron microscope scan of the energy conversion fiber of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an electron microscope scan of a cross-section of the energy conversion fiber of FIG. 2;
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the invention, the following further illustrate the main content of the invention in connection with specific examples, but the content of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A method of making an energy conversion fiber comprising the steps of:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing PA6 master batch (preferably PA6 master batch with the brand number of 1013NW8) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, preferably the brand number of 381-0.5 and low viscosity of CAB) in a mass ratio of 20:80, and then carrying out double-screw melt extrusion and granulation by a granulator to obtain PA6 and CAB blended master batch;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: putting the master batch mixed with the PA6 and CAB prepared in the step 1), the PA11 master batch with piezoelectric effect and barium titanate into a rotary drum oven respectively for drying, setting the temperature of the rotary drum oven to be 100 ℃, continuously drying for 15h, and removing the moisture in the master batch;
placing the dry PA6 and CAB blended master batch in a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine to be used as a skin layer in a skin-core structure, and controlling the temperature of the double screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 160 ℃; and a second zone: 200 ℃; and (3) three zones: 220 ℃; and (4) four areas: 230 ℃; and a fifth zone: 220 ℃; a sixth zone: 215 ℃ of water; seven areas: at 210 ℃;
mixing dry PA11 master batch with piezoelectric effect with barium titanate, controlling the mass of the barium titanate to account for 5% of the PA11 master batch, placing the mixture into a core layer in a skin-core structure in a single screw of a bi-component composite spinning machine, and controlling the temperature of the single screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 155 ℃; and a second zone: 165 ℃; and (3) three zones: 185 ℃ of temperature; and (4) four areas: 180 ℃; and a fifth zone: 180 ℃; a sixth zone: 175 ℃; seven areas: 170 ℃;
carrying out melt spinning by a bi-component composite spinning machine to obtain PA6 nano fiber with a sea-island structure as a skin layer and energy conversion fiber precursor with a piezoelectric effect as a core layer; the nanofiber precursor is prepared by extracting cellulose acetate butyrate from acetone by a Soxhlet extraction device to obtain PA6 nanofiber as a skin layer and energy conversion fiber with a piezoelectric effect as a core layer.
3) Preparing energy conversion fibers: twisting the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) according to the S direction under the pre-tension of 5cN until the twisting number is 5000 twists/m, the twisting speed is 100 turns/min, coating paraffin during twisting, and finally fixing two ends to obtain the energy conversion fiber.
As can be seen from fig. 1, (a) in fig. 1 is the nanofiber before twisting, (a) is the nanofiber during twisting, and (c) is the nanofiber after twisting;
referring to fig. 2, the piezoelectric material in the nanofibers is deformed by twisting, and referring to fig. 3, the nanofibers prepared by the present embodiment have a large specific surface area and a hairy structure on the surface.
Example 2
A method of making an energy conversion fiber comprising the steps of:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing PP master batches (preferably the PP master batch with the grade of HJ200) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, preferably the CAB with the grade of 381-0.5 and low viscosity) in a mass ratio of 30:70, and then carrying out double-screw melt extrusion and granulation by a granulator to obtain PP and CAB blended master batches;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: respectively placing the PP and CAB blended master batch obtained in the step 1), PA11 master batch with piezoelectric effect and barium titanate in a rotary drum oven for drying, setting the temperature of the rotary drum oven to be 110 ℃, and continuously drying for 17h to remove water in the master batch;
placing the dried PP and CAB blended master batch in a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine to be used as a skin layer in a skin-core structure, and controlling the temperature of the double screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 160 ℃; and a second zone: 200 ℃; and (3) three zones: at 210 ℃; and (4) four areas: 220 ℃; and a fifth zone: 200 ℃; a sixth zone: 205 deg.C; seven areas: at 210 ℃;
mixing dry PA11 master batch with piezoelectric effect with barium titanate, controlling the mass of the barium titanate to account for 5% of the mass of the PA11 master batch, placing the mixture into a core layer in a single-screw central sheath-core structure of a bi-component composite spinning machine, and controlling the temperature of the single screw to be: temperature in the first zone: 150 ℃; and a second zone: 170 ℃; and (3) three zones: 185 ℃ of temperature; and (4) four areas: 195 ℃; and a fifth zone: 180 ℃; a sixth zone: 175 ℃; seven areas: 170 ℃;
carrying out melt spinning by a bi-component composite spinning machine to obtain PP nano fibers with sea-island structures on the skin layer and energy conversion fiber protofilaments with piezoelectric effects on the core layer; the nanofiber precursor is prepared by extracting cellulose acetate butyrate from acetone by a Soxhlet extraction device to obtain PP nanofiber as a skin layer and energy conversion fiber with a piezoelectric effect as a core layer.
3) Preparing energy conversion fibers: twisting the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) in the Z direction under 2cN pre-tension until the number of twists is 10000 twists/m, the twisting speed is 500 turns/min, coating octadecane during twisting, and finally fixing the two ends to obtain the energy conversion fiber.
Example 3
A method of making an energy conversion fiber comprising the steps of:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing PET master batches (preferably the PET master batch with the grade LW-xg309) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, preferably the grade 381-0.5 of CAB with small viscosity) in a mass ratio of 25:75, and then carrying out double-screw melt extrusion and granulation by a granulator to obtain PET and CAB blended master batches;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: respectively placing the PET and CAB blended master batch prepared in the step 1) and the PVDF master batch with piezoelectric effect in a rotary drum oven for drying, setting the temperature of the rotary drum oven to be 120 ℃, continuously drying for 15h, and removing water in the master batch;
placing the dried PET and CAB blended master batch into a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine, and controlling the temperature of the double screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 180 ℃; and a second zone: 220 ℃; and (3) three zones: 230 ℃; and (4) four areas: 240 ℃; and a fifth zone: 220 ℃; a sixth zone: 225 ℃; seven areas: 230 ℃;
taking the dried PVDF master batch with piezoelectric effect, placing the PVDF master batch into a single screw of a bi-component composite spinning machine, and controlling the temperature of the single screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 130 ℃; and a second zone: 150 ℃; and (3) three zones: 170 ℃; and (4) four areas: 180 ℃; and a fifth zone: 175 ℃; a sixth zone: 180 ℃; seven areas: 175 ℃;
carrying out melt spinning by a bi-component composite spinning machine to prepare energy conversion fiber precursor with a orange petal structure; the nanometer fiber precursor is prepared by extracting cellulose acetate butyrate from acetone by a Soxhlet extraction device to obtain the energy conversion fiber with piezoelectric effect.
3) Preparing energy conversion fibers: twisting the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) in the Z direction under the pretension of 50cN until the twist number is 200 twists/m, the twisting speed is 1000 turns/min, coating lauric acid during twisting, and finally fixing the two ends to obtain the energy conversion fiber.
Example 4
A method of making an energy conversion fiber comprising the steps of:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing PVA-co-PE master batches (preferably PET master batch with the brand number of L171B) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, preferably the brand number of the CAB is 381-0.5, and the viscosity of the CAB is small) in a mass ratio of 40:60, and then carrying out double-screw melt extrusion and granulation by a granulator to obtain PVA-co-PE and CAB blended master batches;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: putting the blended master batch of PVA-co-PE and CAB prepared in the step 1), PVDF master batch with piezoelectric effect and lead zirconate titanate into a rotary drum oven respectively for drying, setting the temperature of the rotary drum oven to be 120 ℃, continuously drying for 15h, and removing the moisture in the master batch;
placing the dry PVA-co-PE and CAB blended master batch in a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine to be used as a skin layer in a skin-core structure, and controlling the temperature of the double screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 170 ℃; and a second zone: at 210 ℃; and (3) three zones: 220 ℃; and (4) four areas: 230 ℃; and a fifth zone: at 210 ℃; a sixth zone: 215 ℃ of water; seven areas: 220 ℃;
taking a mixture of dried PVDF master batch with piezoelectric effect and lead zirconate titanate, wherein the lead zirconate titanate accounts for 5% of the mass of the PVDF master batch, placing the mixture into a single screw of a double-component composite spinning machine to be used as a core layer in a skin-core structure, and controlling the temperature of the single screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 130 ℃; and a second zone: 150 ℃; and (3) three zones: 170 ℃; and (4) four areas: 180 ℃; and a fifth zone: 175 ℃; a sixth zone: 180 ℃; seven areas: 175 ℃;
carrying out melt spinning by a bi-component composite spinning machine to obtain PVA-co-PE nano fibers with a sea-island structure as a skin layer and energy conversion fiber precursor with a piezoelectric effect as a core layer; the cellulose acetate butyrate is extracted from the nanofiber precursor by acetone through a Soxhlet extraction device, so that PVA-co-PE nanofibers are obtained as a skin layer, and energy conversion fibers with piezoelectric effects are obtained as a core layer.
3) Preparing energy conversion fibers: and (3) twisting the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) according to half of Z twist and half of S twist in the direction of 3000 twist/m under the pre-tension of 100cN at the twisting speed of 1500 rpm, coating paraffin during twisting, and finally fixing two ends to obtain the energy conversion fiber.
Example 5
A method of making an energy conversion fiber comprising the steps of:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing PA66 master batch (preferably PA66 master batch with the brand of AFX218) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, preferably the brand of the CAB is 381-0.5, and the viscosity of the CAB is small) in a mass ratio of 50:50, and then carrying out double-screw melt extrusion and granulation by a granulator to obtain PA66 and CAB blended master batch;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: respectively placing the master batch blended by the PA66 and CAB prepared in the step 1), the PA11 master batch with piezoelectric effect, lead metaniobate and lead barium lithium niobate in a rotary drum oven for drying, setting the temperature of the rotary drum oven to be 115 ℃, continuously drying for 15h, and removing the moisture in the master batch;
placing the dry PA66 and CAB blended master batch in a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine to be used as a skin layer in a skin-core structure, and controlling the temperature of the double screw as follows: temperature in the first zone: 200 ℃; and a second zone: 230 ℃; and (3) three zones: 250 ℃; and (4) four areas: 270 ℃; and a fifth zone: 250 ℃; a sixth zone: 255 ℃; seven areas: 250 ℃;
mixing the dried PA11 master batch with piezoelectric effect with lead metaniobate and lead barium lithium niobate, controlling the mass ratio of the lead metaniobate and the lead barium lithium niobate to be 1:1, controlling the mass ratio of the lead metaniobate and the lead barium lithium niobate to account for 10 percent of the PA11 master batch, placing the mixture into a core layer in a single-screw rod middle skin-core structure of a double-component composite spinning machine, and controlling the temperature of the single screw rod to be: temperature in the first zone: 155 ℃; and a second zone: 160 ℃; and (3) three zones: 170 ℃; and (4) four areas: 185 ℃ of temperature; and a fifth zone: 180 ℃; a sixth zone: 175 ℃; seven areas: 170 ℃;
carrying out melt spinning by a bi-component composite spinning machine to obtain PA66 nano fiber with a sea-island structure as a skin layer and energy conversion fiber precursor with a piezoelectric effect as a core layer; the nanofiber precursor is prepared by extracting cellulose acetate butyrate from acetone by a Soxhlet extraction device to obtain PA66 nanofiber as a skin layer and energy conversion fiber with a piezoelectric effect as a core layer.
3) Preparing energy conversion fibers: twisting the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) in the Z direction under the pretension of 50cN until the twisting number is 500 twists/m, the twisting speed is 2000 turns/min, coating paraffin wax during twisting, and finally fixing the two ends to obtain the energy conversion fiber.
The above examples are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention has other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing energy conversion fiber is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
1) preparing thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch: uniformly mixing the thermoplastic polymer master batch and cellulose acetate butyrate, and performing double-screw melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate master batch;
2) preparing the nano-fiber with the piezoelectric effect: respectively drying the thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch and the piezoelectric master batch prepared in the step 1), placing the dried thermoplastic polymer/cellulose acetate butyrate ester master batch into a double screw of a double-component composite spinning machine, placing the dried piezoelectric master batch into a single screw of the double-component composite spinning machine, and performing melt spinning through the double-component composite spinning machine to obtain a nanofiber precursor with a piezoelectric effect, wherein the nanofiber precursor with the piezoelectric effect is subjected to acetone extraction to obtain cellulose acetate butyrate ester so as to obtain a nanofiber with the piezoelectric effect;
the piezoelectric master batch is made of an organic piezoelectric material or a mixture of the organic piezoelectric material and an inorganic piezoelectric material;
3) preparing energy conversion fibers: twisting the nanofiber with the piezoelectric effect prepared in the step 2) and coating a phase-change material in the twisting process to obtain an energy conversion fiber; the energy conversion fiber is in a skin-core structure or a orange-peel structure.
2. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), the temperature of the twin-screw of the double-component composite spinning machine is set as follows: temperature in the first zone: 150-180 ℃; and a second zone: 190-240 ℃; and (3) three zones: 210-260 ℃; and (4) four areas: 200-280 ℃; and a fifth zone: 190-250 ℃; a sixth zone: 195-255 ℃; seven areas: 200 to 260 ℃.
3. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), the temperature of a single screw of the bi-component composite spinning machine is set as follows: temperature in the first zone: 120-150 ℃; and a second zone: 140-180 ℃; and (3) three zones: 150-190 ℃; and (4) four areas: 160-200 ℃; and a fifth zone: 165-205 ℃; a sixth zone: 175-210 ℃; seven areas: 170-205 ℃.
4. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), the drying is carried out in a rotary drum oven, the temperature of the rotary drum oven is set to be 100-120 ℃, and the continuous drying is carried out for at least 15 hours.
5. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: the organic piezoelectric material is one of polyvinylidene fluoride or nylon 11, and the inorganic piezoelectric material is one or more of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, modified lead zirconate titanate, lead meta-niobate, lead barium lithium niobate and modified lead titanate.
6. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the mixture of the organic piezoelectric material and the inorganic piezoelectric material, the mass percentage of the inorganic piezoelectric material in the mass of the organic piezoelectric material is less than or equal to 20%.
7. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), the pre-tension of twisting can be 2-100 cn, the twisting speed is 100-2000 r/min, the twisting direction is Z twisting or S twisting or Z twisting and S twisting, and the twisting number of the fiber is 500-10000 twisting/m.
8. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 3), the phase-change material is one or more of paraffin, octadecane, lauric acid and capric acid.
9. The method of producing an energy conversion fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the mass ratio of the thermoplastic polymer master batch to the cellulose acetate butyrate is 20: 80-50: 50, and the material of the thermoplastic polymer master batch is one of PP, PA6, PET, PVA-co-PE or PA 66.
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