CN107912107B - Ditching, film covering, soil covering and punching compound operation machine for melon in dry pond - Google Patents

Ditching, film covering, soil covering and punching compound operation machine for melon in dry pond Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107912107B
CN107912107B CN201711408393.XA CN201711408393A CN107912107B CN 107912107 B CN107912107 B CN 107912107B CN 201711408393 A CN201711408393 A CN 201711408393A CN 107912107 B CN107912107 B CN 107912107B
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China
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film
soil
covering
ditching
film pressing
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CN107912107A (en
Inventor
龚艳
陈晓
缪友谊
张晓�
陈伟
周井刚
王果
刘德江
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A01C5/064Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066Devices for covering drills or furrows
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0287Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound operation machine for ditching, laminating, earthing and punching of melon in a dry pond, which comprises a frame, a three-point suspension mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a ditching and ridging mechanism, wherein the ditching and ridging mechanism comprises a cutter shaft and a milling and polishing cutter disc; the machine frame is provided with a ditch bottom soil covering slide plate and two upper soil collecting covers which are respectively arranged at the top of the milling and throwing cutter disc, the rear side of the upper soil collecting cover is provided with a soil outlet, the soil outlet is hinged with a soil outlet adjusting plate, the top end of the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate is connected with the soil outlet of the upper soil collecting cover, and the middle part of the top end is provided with a 'lambda' -shaped soil dividing plate which extends to the bottom end; the rear side of the frame is connected with a film covering mechanism, the middle part of the hanging frame is connected with a film pressing and punching mechanism in a traction mode, and the film pressing and punching mechanism walks along the middle part of the surface of a mulching film covered by the film covering mechanism. The ditching, film covering and soil covering and punching functions are integrated, so that ditching, film covering and soil covering compound operation of the dry pond melon fields is realized, the planting agronomic requirements of the dry pond melon in the Hexi area are met, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.

Description

Ditching, film covering, soil covering and punching compound operation machine for melon in dry pond
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compound operation machine for ditching, film covering and soil covering and punching of melon in a dry pond, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The Hexi area is the dominant production area of watermelons and melons in China, and is used for producing high-quality melons such as watermelons, hami melons and white melons. As the river and western region is a arid type climate in a continental desert, the precipitation amount is small, the evaporation amount is large, and in order to save water resources and ensure the quality of melons, the open-field melon in the region is usually planted in a dry pond planting mode of ridge culture and furrow irrigation, namely, furrowing and ridging (pond) are carried out on melon fields, the melon is planted at the top edge of the ridge, and the melon is planted in the middle part of the ridge and irrigated at the furrow bottom, so that the root system can fully absorb water and the melon and fruit can be prevented from being corroded due to flooding. In order to collect water and preserve soil moisture, the whole plastic mulch film is covered on the furrows and the top edges of the furrows, and soil is perforated and covered on the mulch film at the bottoms of the furrows, so that irrigation water in the furrows or accumulated rainwater permeates into the lower part of the film through film holes and diffuses to soil around the root systems of the melons, and the evaporation of water in the soil is avoided. As shown in fig. 1, the specific steps of ridging (pond) in the previous planting process are as follows: firstly, tillage and soil preparation are carried out by adopting a rotary cultivator before ridging (pond), then the central line of a ditch is marked according to the distance of 1.8-2.4 and m, the base fertilizer is uniformly applied on the ground surface of 50-cm on the two sides of the central line by manpower, and after fertilization, the furrow is ditched and ridged (pond) along the central line of the ditch by using a furrow plow and the base fertilizer is buried under the soil newly ploughed out from the furrow; the specific steps of the film coating are as follows: the ridge edges are scraped with a farm tool or a harrow, the ridge ditches and planting belts at the edges of the ridge tops are covered with plastic films with the width of 140-cm, holes are punched on the plastic films at the bottoms of the ridge ditches at intervals of 10-cm, the aperture is phi 2-cm, and finally soil is covered at the bottoms of the ridge ditches. In the current planting process, besides mechanical ditching by a furrow plow, a large amount of manual work is required for scraping the edges of ridges, covering films and punching holes on mulching films before sowing. In the prior art, the equipment is covered on the flat land or on the ridge after ridging, and the planting agronomic requirements of the river and western dry pond melons are not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a ditching, film covering and soil covering and punching compound operation machine for the melon in the dry pond, which integrates ditching, film covering, soil covering and punching functions into a whole, realizes ditching, film covering and soil covering and punching compound operation for the melon in the dry pond, meets the planting agronomic requirements of the melon in the dry pond in the river and western region, and greatly reduces the labor intensity.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a compound operation machine for ditching, laminating, earthing and punching of melon in a dry pond, which comprises a frame, wherein a three-point suspension mechanism and a transmission mechanism are arranged at the top of the frame, a ditching and ridging mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the frame, and the ditching and ridging mechanism comprises a cutter shaft and milling and throwing cutter heads arranged at two ends of the cutter shaft; the machine frame is provided with a trench bottom soil covering mechanism, the trench bottom soil covering mechanism comprises a trench bottom soil covering slide plate and two upper soil collecting covers which are respectively arranged at the top of the milling and throwing cutter disc, the rear side of the upper soil collecting cover is provided with a soil outlet, the soil outlet is hinged with a soil outlet adjusting plate, the trench bottom soil covering slide plate is of a trapezoid groove structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the top end of the trench bottom soil covering slide plate is connected with the soil outlet of the upper soil collecting cover, and a 'lambda' -shaped soil dividing plate extending to the bottom end is arranged in the middle of the top end of the trench bottom soil covering slide plate; the rear side of the frame is connected with the film covering mechanism through the hanging frame, the film covered by the film covering mechanism is positioned on the lower side of the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate, the middle part of the hanging frame is connected with the film pressing punching mechanism in a traction mode, and the film pressing punching mechanism walks along the middle part of the surface of the film covered by the film covering mechanism.
The technical scheme is further improved, the suspension bracket comprises a first beam, a second beam, a third beam and horizontal connecting rods connected to two ends of the first beam, the second beam and the third beam; the first crossbeam is arranged below the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate, the second crossbeam is suspended above the rear of the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate through a rear frame adjusting rod, the film pressing and punching mechanism is connected with the middle of the second crossbeam through a traction rod, and the traction rod is connected with the third crossbeam through a ditch bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod.
Further, the film pressing and punching mechanism comprises two film pressing wheels at the bottom of the ditch, the film pressing wheels at the bottom of the ditch are fixed at two ends of the traction rod through film pressing wheel shafts, a plurality of uniformly distributed film penetrating needles are welded on one film pressing wheel at the bottom of the ditch along the radial direction, and the film penetrating needles protrude out of the outer circle of the film pressing wheel at the bottom of the ditch.
Further, the groove bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod is connected with the third cross beam through a sleeve joint piece, and elastic pieces are arranged at the top and the bottom of the sleeve joint piece on the groove bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod.
Further, the film covering mechanism comprises a film placing roller, a film pressing roller, a film edge pressing wheel and a film edge soil covering device assembly which are arranged in pairs; the film placing roller is arranged below the first cross beam, the film pressing roller is arranged below the second cross beam, two ends of the second cross beam and two ends of the third cross beam are connected with film pressing rods in a backward mode, the film edge pressing wheels are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the film pressing rods and horizontally aligned with two ends of the film pressing roller, and the film edge covering device assembly is symmetrically arranged at the tail ends of the film pressing rods.
Further, the film placing roller is hung and installed below the first cross beam through two conical ejector pins which are arranged in opposite directions; and two ends of the film pressing roller are connected with two ends of the second cross beam in a sliding manner through horizontal sleeve connecting pieces, and the film releasing roller is higher than the film pressing roller.
Further, a chute is arranged in the middle of the film pressing rod, and a vertical rod of the film edge pressing wheel is vertically arranged in the chute; the membrane side soil covering device assembly comprises a soil covering disc and a soil covering disc connector, and the soil covering disc is obliquely arranged at the tail end of the membrane pressing rod inwards through the soil covering disc connector; the soil covering disc is positioned at the outer side of the membrane edge pressing wheel and is lower than the membrane edge pressing wheel.
Further, a scraper plate is arranged at the rear side of the cutter head, and side wings inclining outwards are arranged at two sides of the upper soil collecting cover.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a compound operation machine for ditching, film covering and soil covering of a dry pond melon, which is different from a traditional ridging and film covering machine or a land leveling and film covering machine, ditches and ridges are firstly carried out through a ditching and ridging mechanism, then mulching films are covered on the edges of ditches and ridges through a film covering mechanism, then soil throwing generated during ditching is conducted and conveyed to the bottom of the ditches through a ditching and ridging mechanism milling and throwing cutter disc through a ditching and soil covering mechanism, and a ditching and film pressing wheel with a film binding needle is additionally designed to punch holes on the mulching films, so that irrigation water or accumulated rainwater in the ditches infiltrates into the lower part of the films through film holes and diffuses into soil around the root systems of the melon, thereby avoiding evaporation of water in the soil. The ditching, film covering and soil covering and punching functions are integrated, so that ditching, film covering and soil covering compound operation of the dry pond melon fields is realized, the planting agronomic requirements of the dry pond melon in the Hexi area are met, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pattern diagram of planting of muskmelon in a dry pond;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the forward structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below through the drawings, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example 1: the compound operation machine for ditching, film covering and soil covering of the dry pond melon as shown in fig. 2-5 comprises a frame 2, wherein a three-point suspension mechanism 1 and a transmission mechanism are arranged at the top of the frame 2, a ditching and ridging mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the frame 2, the ditching and ridging mechanism comprises a cutter shaft and milling and throwing cutter heads 3 arranged at two ends of the cutter shaft, and a soil scraping plate 15 is arranged at the rear side of the milling and throwing cutter heads 3; the machine frame 2 is provided with a trench bottom soil covering mechanism, the trench bottom soil covering mechanism comprises a trench bottom soil covering slide plate 6 and two upper soil collecting covers 4 which are respectively arranged at the top of the milling and throwing cutter disc 3, two sides of each upper soil collecting cover 4 are provided with outwards inclined side wings 20, the rear side of each upper soil collecting cover 4 is provided with a soil outlet, an arc-shaped soil outlet adjusting plate 5 is hinged at the soil outlet, the trench bottom soil covering slide plate 6 is of a trapezoid groove structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the top end of the trench bottom soil covering slide plate 6 is connected with the soil outlet of each upper soil collecting cover 4, and a Λ -shaped soil dividing plate extending to the bottom end is arranged in the middle of the top end; the rear side of the frame 2 is connected with a film covering mechanism through a hanging frame, a film covered by the film covering mechanism is positioned on the lower side of a ditch bottom soil covering slide plate 6, a film pressing punching mechanism is connected with the middle part of the hanging frame in a traction mode, and the film pressing punching mechanism walks along the middle part of the surface of the film covered by the film covering mechanism.
The suspension bracket comprises a first beam 16, a second beam 17, a third beam 18 and horizontal connecting rods connected to two ends of the first beam 16, the second beam 17 and the third beam 18; the first crossbeam 16 is arranged below the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate 6, the second crossbeam 17 is suspended above the rear of the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate 6 through the rear frame adjusting rod 7, the film pressing and punching mechanism is connected with the middle part of the second crossbeam 17 through the traction rod 9, and the traction rod 9 is connected with the third crossbeam 18 through the ditch bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod 11.
The film pressing and punching mechanism comprises two film pressing wheels 12 at the bottom of a ditch, wherein the film pressing wheels 12 at the bottom of the ditch are fixed at two ends of a traction rod 9 through film pressing wheel shafts, a plurality of uniformly distributed film penetrating needles are welded on one film pressing wheel 12 at the bottom of the ditch along the radial direction, and the film penetrating needles protrude out of the outer circle of the film pressing wheels 12 at the bottom of the ditch. The groove bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod 11 is connected with the third cross beam 18 through a sleeving piece, and elastic pieces are arranged on the top and the bottom of the sleeving piece on the groove bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod 11.
The film covering mechanism comprises a film placing roller 8, a film pressing roller 10, a film edge pressing wheel 13 and a film edge soil covering device assembly which are arranged in pairs; the film placing roller 8 is arranged below the first cross beam 16, the film pressing roller 10 is arranged below the second cross beam 17, two ends of the second cross beam 17 and the third cross beam 18 are connected with film pressing rods 19 backwards, the film edge pinch rollers 13 are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the film pressing rods 19 and horizontally aligned with two ends of the film pressing roller 10, and the film edge cover soil device assemblies are symmetrically arranged at the tail ends of the film pressing rods 19. The film placing roller 8 is hung and installed below the first cross beam 16 through two conical ejector pins which are arranged in opposite directions; the two ends of the film pressing roller 10 are connected with the two ends of the second cross beam 17 in a sliding way through horizontal sleeve connecting pieces, and the film placing roller 8 is higher than the film pressing roller 10. A chute is arranged in the middle of the film pressing rod 19, and a vertical rod of the edge pressing wheel 13 is vertically arranged in the chute; the membrane side soil covering device assembly comprises a soil covering disc 14 and a soil covering disc 14 connector, wherein the soil covering disc 14 is obliquely arranged at the tail end of a membrane pressing rod 19 inwards through the soil covering disc connector; the soil covering disc 14 is arranged outside the membrane edge pinch roller 13 and is lower than the membrane edge pinch roller 13.
When in operation, the device comprises: the invention is connected with a tractor, wherein a three-point suspension device 1 on a frame 2 is connected with the three-point suspension device of the tractor, and a transmission mechanism on the frame 2 is connected between a power output shaft of the tractor and a milling and polishing cutter shaft of a ditching and ridging mechanism; the tractor forwards runs and transmits power to a milling and polishing cutter shaft of the ditching and ridging mechanism to perform ditching and ridging operation. The mulch film discharged by the film discharging roller 8 is flattened by the film pressing roller 10, then is subjected to ditch bottom soil film covering and film punching by the ditch bottom film pressing wheel 12, the edges of two sides of the mulch film are positioned by the film edge pressing wheel 13, and meanwhile, the soil outside the mulch film is conveyed to the edge of the mulch film by the soil covering disc 14 which is inclined inwards by the film edge soil covering device assembly for film pressing.
In the ditching and ridging process, the soil thrown upwards by the milling and throwing cutter head 3 enters the upper soil collecting cover 4 and is thrown out from the soil outlet, only a small part of the soil is thrown out from the soil outlet due to the action of the arc-shaped soil outlet adjusting plate 5, and the rest of the soil is thrown onto the ridge along the lower part of the side wing 20 of the upper soil collecting cover 4 and is scraped by the scraper 15; soil thrown from the soil outlet slides downwards to the middle part of the mulching film covered by the mulching film mechanism under the action of a lambda-shaped soil dividing plate on the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate 6, so that the mulching film is ensured to be attached to the ditch bottom; the film pressing mechanism walking along the middle part of the surface of the mulching film covered by the film covering mechanism drives the film penetrating needles arranged on the film pressing mechanism to punch holes on the mulching film at intervals, so that irrigation water in a ditch or accumulated rainwater can permeate into soil below the film.
As above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. The ditching, film covering and soil covering compound operation machine for the melon in the dry pond comprises a frame, wherein a three-point suspension mechanism and a transmission mechanism are arranged at the top of the frame, a ditching and ridging mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the frame, and the ditching and ridging mechanism comprises a cutter shaft and milling and throwing cutter heads arranged at two ends of the cutter shaft; the method is characterized in that: the machine frame is provided with a trench bottom soil covering mechanism, the trench bottom soil covering mechanism comprises a trench bottom soil covering slide plate and two upper soil collecting covers which are respectively arranged at the top of the milling and throwing cutter disc, the rear side of the upper soil collecting cover is provided with a soil outlet, the soil outlet is hinged with a soil outlet adjusting plate, the trench bottom soil covering slide plate is of a trapezoid groove structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the top end of the trench bottom soil covering slide plate is connected with the soil outlet of the upper soil collecting cover, and a 'lambda' -shaped soil dividing plate extending to the bottom end is arranged in the middle of the top end of the trench bottom soil covering slide plate; the rear side of the frame is connected with a film covering mechanism through a hanging frame, a mulching film covered by the film covering mechanism is positioned on the lower side of the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate, a film pressing punching mechanism is connected with the middle part of the hanging frame in a traction manner, and the film pressing punching mechanism walks along the middle part of the surface of the mulching film covered by the film covering mechanism;
the suspension bracket comprises a first beam, a second beam, a third beam and horizontal connecting rods connected to two ends of the first beam, the second beam and the third beam; the first cross beam is arranged below the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate, the second cross beam is suspended above the rear of the ditch bottom soil covering slide plate through a rear frame adjusting rod, the film pressing and punching mechanism is connected with the middle part of the second cross beam through a traction rod, and the traction rod is connected with the third cross beam through a ditch bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod;
the film pressing and punching mechanism comprises two film pressing wheels at the bottom of the ditch, the film pressing wheels at the bottom of the ditch are fixed at two ends of a traction rod through film pressing wheel shafts, a plurality of uniformly distributed film penetrating needles are welded on one film pressing wheel at the bottom of the ditch along the radial direction, and the film penetrating needles are protruded out of the outer circle of the film pressing wheel at the bottom of the ditch;
the film covering mechanism comprises a film placing roller and a film pressing roller, and a film edge pressing wheel and a film edge soil covering device assembly are arranged in pairs; the film placing roller is arranged below the first cross beam, the film pressing roller is arranged below the second cross beam, two ends of the second cross beam and two ends of the third cross beam are connected with film pressing rods in a backward mode, the film edge pressing wheels are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the film pressing rods and horizontally aligned with two ends of the film pressing roller, and the film edge covering device assembly is symmetrically arranged at the tail ends of the film pressing rods.
2. The compound machine for ditching, laminating, earthing and punching of dry pond melons, which is characterized in that: the groove bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod is connected with the third cross beam through a sleeve joint piece, and elastic pieces are arranged at the top and the bottom of the sleeve joint piece on the groove bottom film pressing wheel adjusting rod.
3. The compound machine for ditching, laminating, earthing and punching of dry pond melons, which is characterized in that: the film placing roller is hung and installed below the first cross beam through two conical ejector pins which are arranged in opposite directions; and two ends of the film pressing roller are connected with two ends of the second cross beam in a sliding manner through horizontal sleeve connecting pieces, and the film releasing roller is higher than the film pressing roller.
4. The compound machine for ditching, laminating, earthing and punching of dry pond melons, which is characterized in that: a sliding groove is formed in the middle of the film pressing rod, and a vertical rod of the film edge pressing wheel is vertically arranged in the sliding groove; the membrane side soil covering device assembly comprises a soil covering disc and a soil covering disc connector, and the soil covering disc is obliquely arranged at the tail end of the membrane pressing rod inwards through the soil covering disc connector; the soil covering disc is positioned at the outer side of the membrane edge pressing wheel and is lower than the membrane edge pressing wheel.
5. The compound machine for ditching, laminating, earthing and punching of dry pond melons, which is characterized in that: the rear side of the milling and throwing cutter head is provided with a scraper plate, and two sides of the upper soil collecting cover are provided with outwards inclined side wings.
CN201711408393.XA 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Ditching, film covering, soil covering and punching compound operation machine for melon in dry pond Active CN107912107B (en)

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