CN107910879B - A kind of active frequency response events control strategy - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of active frequency response events control strategies, the operating status being likely to occur according to chosen frequency stabilization correlated condition amount to electric system under off-line state carries out cluster and forms several typical scenes, the active frequency response control strategy that analysis determines that every class scene should be taken is carried out to above-mentioned typical scene and forms control decision table, active frequency response events control strategy determines: mains frequency fluctuation and evolution process are divided into two stages i.e. frequency decline stage and frequency retrieval stage;The event control mode that active frequency response is used in the frequency decline stage carries out mains frequency control using the parameter feedback controling mode of passive frequency response in the frequency retrieval stage.The control strategy that the application is proposed can effectively intercept frequency decline in the large disturbances lower frequency decline stage, avoid system low-frequency load shedding, so that system is restored stable as early as possible in the frequency retrieval stage, and system occurrence frequency during active control is avoided to vibrate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of power systems more particularly to a kind of active frequency response events control strategies.
Background technique
Many factors cause the stable situation of the following mains frequency more severe at present, and the constantly side source Wang He abundant frequency
Response means need preferably to coordinate, and promote frequency stabilization level to give full play to control performance.
The essence of frequency stabilization be after disturbance second to minute grade time scale active power balance, development process and
The force that " attacking and defending " both ends are depended on whether stabilization compares." attacking " corresponds to unbalanced power quantity, " anti-" corresponding to before failure
Three principal elements such as frequency values, system inertia and frequency response ability." attacking " side, the conveying of extra-high voltage alternating current-direct current transmission line of electricity
Power quantity is increasingly promoted, the huge thermoelectricity and nuclear power unit of clean and effective gradually instead of polluting inefficient small thermal power unit,
Power imbalances quantity caused by single element failure is significantly increased;Relatively poor environment, DC line contamination speed is fast in addition,
Cause UHV transmission line direct current monopole locking failure rate higher." anti-" side, on the one hand, what capacity accounting was constantly promoted can be again
The raw energy has tied up the power generation space of conventional thermal power unit, causes the grid-connected quantity of conventional power unit to reduce, to cause system inertia
With the continuous decrease of frequency response ability;Further, the reduction of system inertia and frequency response ability, makes under normal operating condition
Frequency departure integrally increases, and the probability that frequency is in low level before failure is caused to be substantially increased.
To guarantee entire safe operation of electric network and riding quality, frequency response is arranged to the transregional function gratuitously mutually supported
Can, it is the transmission of electricity ancillary service of all generator unit indispensabilities, control model is the dispersion autonomous control according to local frequency difference, though
The frequency response ability of right system is the synthesis of all generating set frequency response abilities, but frequency response between each generating set
It is asynchronous, the mass action effect of frequency response can be reduced.Under large disturbances it is of greatest concern be frequency fluctuation minimum point, because of it
Whether determining the starting of low-frequency load shedding.Occur to frequency to drop to the minimum point time from disturbance it is of short duration, generally in seconds.Frequency is rung
The effect answered is to be subjected to rapid supplemental capacity missing of high-power disturbance lower frequency rapid decrease period in system, is declined to frequency real
Effective interception is applied, while avoiding low-frequency load shedding from starting, is gained time for the investment of subsequent slow regulating measure.Due to disturbance
Frequency fast fall time is of short duration afterwards, if can improve the execution speed of frequency response during this period, can greatly change frequency wave
Dynamic transient process, avoids the generation of low-frequency load shedding.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of active frequency response events control strategy,
It is a kind of after high-power miss fault occurs the purpose is to propose, it can be improved to the maximum extent under existing frequency response facility
Frequency response lowest point avoids system low-frequency load shedding, to ensure the stable control strategy of power system security.Concrete scheme
Are as follows:
The following steps are included:
S1: the fortune that electric system is likely to occur according to chosen frequency stabilization correlated condition amount under off-line state
Row state carries out cluster and forms several typical scenes, carries out the active that the determining every class scene of analysis should be taken to above-mentioned typical scene
Frequency response control strategy forms control decision table;
S2: active frequency response events control strategy determines: mains frequency fluctuation and evolution process are divided into two stages
That is frequency decline stage and frequency retrieval stage;The event control mode of active frequency response, In are used in the frequency decline stage
The frequency retrieval stage carries out mains frequency control using the parameter feedback controling mode of passive frequency response;
S3: in application on site: current operating conditions being carried out scene ownership and recognize determining its scene ownership, according to current shape
The deviation of state and affiliated scene carries out sensitivity analysis: being modified to the control decision table of ownership scene, is currently run
Active frequency response control strategy under state;
If breaking down under current operating conditions, frequency response control is carried out according to obtained active control strategies,
If normal operation carries out the analysis of the electric system subsequent time method of operation, the control for completing mains frequency is repeated the above process
Process processed.
The concrete mode when off-line analysis are as follows:
S11: clustering processing is carried out to all operating statuses of foreseeable electric system and forms typical scene: according to power train
The parameter of Generation Side, load side and transmission system transimission power is carried out calculating analysis and be compared, according to scene clustering rule in system
Clustering processing is carried out to all operating statuses;
S12: electric power system fault urgency level is divided: the dynamic mistake according to the generator amature equation of motion to system frequency
Cheng Jinhang analysis divides tight according to the distance between frequency response minimum point in dynamic process and system low-frequency load shedding initiation culture
Anxious degree, i.e., distance is closer therebetween, and urgency level higher grade;
S13: it formulates decision table: formulating active frequency response events control strategy for typical scene, determine control decision
Table, wherein typical scene, control strategy and control decision table are one-to-one relationship;In decision table formulation process, according to institute
The urgency level for belonging to failure under typical scene formulates decision table, carries out the starting of all kinds of units, all kinds of frequency response regulating measures
With the selection of control mode;
S14: it if there is decision table same phenomenon, then needs to cluster two kinds of typical scenes for same scene;If gone out
Existing a certain operating status can not range any typical scene, then increase a typical scene newly.
In application on site: carrying out scene On-line matching to current operating conditions according to source-net-lotus associated arguments, determine it
Affiliated scene type utilizes the clear frequency response situation of attacking and defending comparative analysis.
In the application on site: it is modified using control decision table of the sensitivity analysis to affiliated typical scene, with
Control decision table under to current operating conditions: according to vector sum corresponding to current operating conditions amount, it matches typical operation
Distance is shorter between vector corresponding to scene, and the difference in decision table corresponding to the two between relevant control parameter and the two institute are right
Answering the difference between vector is considered as linear relationship, using the difference between two vectors, is run according to sensitivity analysis to typical case
Decision table corresponding to scene is modified.
Corresponding current operating conditions have a corresponding control decision table, if a failure occurs, dispatcher
Using updated control decision table, system is controlled, wherein the mode of active frequency response control strategy are as follows:
Under event control, perturbing area and non-perturbing area all carry out feedforward control using prediction frequency difference value in the frequency decline stage
It makes, predicted value is determined offline by perturbing area maximum frequency difference value in passive frequency response control strategy, and in frequency retrieval rank
Two regions of section carry out feedback control according to respectively local frequency difference respectively: i.e. it is assumed that perturbing area frequency difference is Δ fr, reach most
Low point time is tnadir, control according to parameter be cA, non-perturbing area frequency difference be Δ fl, control is c according to parameterBWhen, input
A, the frequency difference of the area B governor meets
By adopting the above-described technical solution, a kind of active frequency response events control strategy provided by the invention, has
Following advantage: 1, the control strategy proposed realizes frequency response by dispersion autonomous control to coordinated control is concentrated, by feeding back
It controls feedforward control, by the transformation of Corrective control to prevention and control, can be mentioned under the premise of not increasing frequency response facility
High system overall frequency response ability, thus the frequency stabilization resilience under promoting large disturbances.2, the control strategy proposed
Frequency decline can be effectively intercepted in the large disturbances lower frequency decline stage, avoid system low-frequency load shedding, make in the frequency retrieval stage
System restores stable as early as possible, and system occurrence frequency during active control is avoided to vibrate.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The some embodiments recorded in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts,
It is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of active frequency response events control strategy of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is frequency response dynamics process schematic in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of active frequency response events control strategy of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the analogous diagram of active frequency response events control strategy lower frequency change procedure in the present invention;
Specific embodiment
To keep technical solution of the present invention and advantage clearer, with reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, to this
Technical solution in inventive embodiments carries out clear and complete description:
A kind of active frequency response events control strategy as shown in Figure 1, parameter based on control can be fault point
Or the operation parameters of system other nodes, but also local frequency difference.System frequency decline is quickly, low to avoid under high-power missing
The generation of the events such as frequency off-load, it is desirable that frequency response control has rapidity.And existing foundation this continuous quantity of frequency difference is control
The feedback controling mode of foundation, due to the links such as needing to sample, compare, control timeliness is poor.Frequency under high-power missing
Response control should seize every minute and second, and therefore, can take the side of feedforward control according to amount of logic whether indicating that event of failure occurs
Formula improves control timeliness.Obviously, regional area system stable problem is only considered according to local amount control, and measure according to other places
Control can count and system frequency difference spatial and temporal distributions characteristic, and can proceed from the situation as a whole the frequency stability problem for considering whole system.According to
Just start to act after disturbance causes controlled volume deviation according to the feedback control locally measured, act not in time, but its control mode is
Closed-loop control can eliminate influence of a variety of disturbances to controlled variable;And it can occur in disturbance according to the feedforward control of other places amount
Movement in time before deviation occurs afterwards is able to suppress controlled volume deviation caused by disturbing, but the control has specified property compensation
Limitation, usually a kind of feedforward action can only overcome a kind of interference, and feed back since control output will not control system,
System disturbance rejection is poor.
Frequency fluctuation and evolution process under large disturbances can be broadly divided into two stages: frequency decline stage and frequency retrieval rank
Section.See that Fig. 2 shows, wherein Δ tACFor frequency decline stage, Δ tCBFor the frequency retrieval stage.In system running frequency evolution process
Different phase, to frequency response control requirement it is also not identical.In the frequency decline stage, the requirement to frequency response is quick
Property, therefore its control should be using the event control mode of active frequency response;And in the frequency retrieval stage, because frequency is blocked
It cuts, accuracy is changed by rapidity to the requirement of frequency response at this time, therefore, control mode should be changed into is rung by dynamic frequency
The parameter feedback controling mode answered.Since frequency response Active Control Mode is relative complex, cost of implementation is higher, therefore, not
Under catastrophe failure, frequency response control can respond feedforward control by active frequency and return in traditional parameter feedback controling mode.
I.e. in the case of nominal frequencies response control can decline implementation to frequency and effectively intercept, active frequency response control is not considered
System.
After a failure in the frequency decline stage, if using feed-forward control manner, if control is according to the frequency for being fault point
Difference (for by control unit, since control is according to being nonlocal frequency difference, therefore can be referred to as feed-forward control manner), then its realize compared with
To be simple, only frequency difference signal at failure need to be supplied to related controlled unit by channel;If control is believed according to for failure
Number, i.e. the so-called event control in front, then as based on only control starting parameter without parameter based on controlling,
Therefore it cannot achieve adjusting control.
No matter using feedforward or feedback control, parameter based on control each depends on current operating status.Cause
Frequency response models are complicated, and frequency response process analysis procedure analysis is related to differential equation resolving, it is difficult to realize on-line analysis and control, therefore can
It is resolved by the way of off-line analysis, application on site.
The active frequency response events control strategy of the application the following steps are included:
S1: the fortune that electric system is likely to occur according to chosen frequency stabilization correlated condition amount under off-line state
Row state carries out cluster and forms several typical scenes, carries out the active that the determining every class scene of analysis should be taken to above-mentioned typical scene
Frequency response control strategy forms control decision table;
S2: active frequency response events control strategy determines: mains frequency fluctuation and evolution process are divided into two stages
That is frequency decline stage and frequency retrieval stage;The event control mode of active frequency response, In are used in the frequency decline stage
The frequency retrieval stage carries out mains frequency control using the parameter feedback controling mode of passive frequency response;
S3: in application on site: current operating conditions being carried out scene ownership and recognize determining its scene ownership, according to current shape
The deviation of state and affiliated scene carries out sensitivity analysis: being modified to the control decision table of ownership scene, is currently run
Active frequency response control strategy under state;
If breaking down under current operating conditions, frequency response control is carried out according to obtained active control strategies,
If normal operation carries out the analysis of the electric system subsequent time method of operation, the control for completing mains frequency is repeated the above process
Process processed.
When off-line analysis, chosen frequency stabilization correlated condition amount is first depending on to the operating status being likely to occur
It is clustered, forms several typical scenes, then above-mentioned typical scene is analyzed using related analysis method, determines every class
The active frequency response control strategy that scene should be taken forms control decision table.Control decision table is the specific reality of control strategy
Apply scheme.
In application on site, first by current operating conditions progress scene ownership identification, determine that its scene belongs to, then foundation is worked as
The deviation of preceding state and affiliated scene carries out sensitivity analysis, is modified to the control decision table of ownership scene, to obtain
Active frequency response control strategy under current operating conditions;If breaking down under current operating conditions, according to obtained
Active control strategies carry out frequency response control, if normal operation, carry out the analysis of next method of operation, repeat above-mentioned mistake
Journey.
Further, when 1, off-line analysis: frequency response influence factor is numerous, and operation is complicated, so that operating status number
It is huge, it is difficult to be analyzed one by one, and enforcement difficulty is very big.It therefore, need to be to foreseeable all operation shapes in off-line analysis
State carries out clustering processing, forms typical scene, to reduce off-line analysis workload, improves analysis efficiency.Wherein, typical scene
Formation, be that characteristic quantity can be measured to electric system " source-net-lotus " correlation, i.e., Generation Side, load side and transmission system transmit function
The parameters such as rate are calculated, analyzed and are compared, and then the comparison according to " attacking ", " anti-" both ends associated arguments, according to prepared
Rule carries out scene clustering to all operating statuses, in order to which follow-up work simplifies operand, raising control efficiency.
After scene clustering, same control plan is can be used in all operating statuses included in same typical scene
Slightly, corresponding with same control decision table, i.e., exist to correspond between typical scene, control strategy and control decision table and close
System.In decision table formulation process, decision table need to be formulated according to the urgency level of failure under affiliated typical scene, carry out all kinds of machines
Group, the starting of all kinds of frequency response regulating measures and control mode selection.
About the division of failure urgency level, can according to the generator amature equation of motion to the dynamic process of system frequency into
Row analysis can regard the distance between frequency response minimum point in dynamic process and system low-frequency load shedding initiation culture as urgent journey
The foundation divided is spent, distance is closer therebetween, and urgency level higher grade, higher to frequency response rapidity requirement.
Under same urgency level, system " source-net-lotus " state is different, may correspond to different typical scenes, institute
Corresponding control decision table should also be different;If there is decision table same phenomenon, it is same for needing to cluster two kinds of typical scenes
Scene;And if any typical scene can not be ranged by a certain operating status occur, then should increase a typical scene newly.
2, frequency response ability is monitored on-line
The function of the part is to carry out scene On-line matching to current operating conditions according to source-net-lotus associated arguments, really
Its fixed affiliated scene type;Using attacking and defending comparative analysis, frequency response situation is specified.On the one hand the work can carry out phase for scheduling
The prevention and control (adjustment of such as method of operation, spare capacity scheduling etc.) answered provide foundation, when on the other hand also occurring for failure
It carries out frequency response control and data basis support is provided.Available data acquisition and supervisor control or Wide Area Measurement System compared with
To be perfect, data collected can provide hardware guarantee for the implementation of above-mentioned task.
3, decision table online updating
Matched although current operating conditions have been carried out typical Run-time scenario by in-service monitoring link, in general due to
Existing operating status is not identical with typical Run-time scenario, if the two difference is larger, then the directly typical operation of application
Control decision table corresponding to scene is controlled, and relatively large deviation can be probably generated, it is difficult to guarantee system operational safety.Using spirit
Basis of sensitivity analysis is modified the control decision table of affiliated typical scene, to obtain the control decision table under current operating conditions.
Typical Run-time scenario and current operating conditions are the vectors composed by several quantity of states to describe.Due to current operating conditions
Its shorter, decision table corresponding to the two that matches distance between vector corresponding to typical Run-time scenario of the corresponding vector sum of amount
Difference between vector corresponding to difference and the two between middle relevant control parameter can be considered as linear relationship.Therefore, Ke Yili
With the difference between two vectors, decision table corresponding to typical Run-time scenario is modified according to sensitivity analysis.In order to protect
The rapidity applied when confirmation will form controling parameter in decision table by off-line analysis to each typical Run-time scenario
Sensitivity between operating status vector deviation, prepares for further work.
4, control strategy real-time selection
According to the work of above three step, corresponding current operating conditions have a corresponding control decision table.This
Shi Yidan breaks down, and dispatcher can apply updated control decision table, controls system.
For two regional power grids, interregional interconnection is represented with number line, dotted line represents communication line, and the area A is to disturb
Dynamic area, the perturbing area B Qu Weifei, specifically as Fig. 3 shows.Wherein two region control modes under " active frequency response events control strategy "
It is as follows:
For unit fired power generating unit, from active balance angle, unit fired power generating unit participates in mains frequency adjustment process
Meet:
Generator-loading module meets:
In formula: PmFor mechanical frequency;PeFor electromagnetic frequency;H is generator inertia time constant;D is load damped coefficient.
Governor module meets:
In formula: R is unit difference coefficient;PspFor power increment given value;Δf1Change input quantity for the frequency of unit;TG
For governor time constant;ΔPVFor steam flow.
Steam turbine module meets:
In formula: FHFor the power proportions generated by turbine;TRFor rethermalization time constant;KmFor power conversion efficiency;PmFor
Mechanical output.
Under event control, perturbing area and non-perturbing area all carry out feedforward control using prediction frequency difference value in the frequency decline stage
It makes, predicted value is determined offline by perturbing area maximum frequency difference value in passive frequency response control strategy, and in frequency retrieval rank
Two regions of section carry out feedback control according to respectively local frequency difference respectively.I.e. it is assumed that perturbing area frequency difference is Δ fr, reach most
Low point time is tnadir, control according to parameter be cA, non-perturbing area frequency difference be Δ fl, control is c according to parameterBWhen, input
A, the frequency difference of the area B governor meets
To the specific analogue system of Mr. Yu, controlled, system emulation knot using " active frequency response events control strategy "
Fruit such as Fig. 4 shows.A kind of active frequency response events control strategy disclosed by the invention was used in the system frequency rapid decrease stage
It is effectively intercepted, to avoid low-frequency load shedding, enhances the ability of system resisting risk.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of active frequency response events control strategy, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1: the operation shape that electric system is likely to occur according to chosen frequency stabilization correlated condition amount under off-line state
State carries out cluster and forms several typical scenes, carries out the active frequency that the determining every class scene of analysis should be taken to above-mentioned typical scene
Response events control strategy forms control decision table;
S2: active frequency response events control strategy determines: mains frequency fluctuation and evolution process are divided into two stages i.e. frequency
Rate decline stage and frequency retrieval stage;The event control mode that active frequency response is used in the frequency decline stage, in frequency
Restoration stage carries out mains frequency control using the parameter feedback controling mode of passive frequency response;
S3: in application on site: by current operating conditions carry out scene ownership recognize determine its scene ownership, according to current state with
The deviation of affiliated scene carries out sensitivity analysis: being modified to the control decision table of ownership scene, obtains current operating conditions
Under active frequency response events control strategy;
If breaking down under current operating conditions, frequency is carried out according to obtained active frequency response events control strategy and is rung
It should control, if normal operation, carry out the analysis of the electric system subsequent time method of operation, repeat the above process and complete power grid frequency
The control process of rate.
2. a kind of active frequency response events control strategy according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that: the S1 is specific
Mode are as follows:
S11: clustering processing is carried out to all operating statuses of foreseeable electric system and forms typical scene: according in electric system
The parameter of Generation Side, load side and transmission system transimission power carries out calculating analysis with comparison, according to scene clustering rule to institute
There is operating status to carry out clustering processing;
S12: divide electric power system fault urgency level: according to the generator amature equation of motion to the dynamic process of system frequency into
Row analysis divides urgent journey according to the distance between frequency response minimum point in dynamic process and system low-frequency load shedding initiation culture
Degree, i.e., distance is closer therebetween, and urgency level higher grade;
S13: it formulates decision table: formulating active frequency response events control strategy for typical scene, determine control decision table,
Middle typical scene, control strategy and control decision table are one-to-one relationship;In decision table formulation process, according to affiliated typical case
The urgency level of failure formulates decision table under scene, carries out the starting and control of all kinds of units, all kinds of frequency response regulating measures
The selection of mode;
S14: it if there is decision table same phenomenon, then needs to cluster two kinds of typical scenes for same scene;If there is certain
One operating status can not range any typical scene, then increase a typical scene newly.
3. a kind of active frequency response events control strategy according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that: application on site
In: scene On-line matching is carried out to current operating conditions according to source-net-lotus associated arguments, its affiliated scene type is determined, utilizes
The clear frequency response situation of attacking and defending comparative analysis.
4. a kind of active frequency response events control strategy according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that: it is described to answer online
In: being modified using control decision table of the sensitivity analysis to affiliated typical scene, to obtain under current operating conditions
Control decision table: according to vector sum corresponding to current operating conditions amount its match vector corresponding to typical Run-time scenario it
Between distance it is shorter, between vector corresponding to the difference and the two in decision table corresponding to the two between relevant control parameter difference recognized
To be linear relationship, using the difference between two vectors, according to sensitivity analysis to decision table corresponding to typical Run-time scenario
It is modified.
5. a kind of active frequency response events control strategy according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that: corresponding current fortune
Row state has a corresponding control decision table, and if a failure occurs, dispatcher can determine using updated control
Plan table, controls system, wherein the mode of active frequency response events control strategy are as follows:
Under event control, perturbing area and non-perturbing area all carry out feedforward control using prediction frequency difference value in the frequency decline stage,
Its predicted value determined offline by perturbing area maximum frequency difference value in passive frequency response control strategy, and in the frequency retrieval stage two
Region carries out feedback control according to respectively local frequency difference respectively: i.e. it is assumed that perturbing area frequency difference is Δ fr, reach minimum point
Time is tnadir, control according to parameter be cA, non-perturbing area frequency difference be Δ fl, control is c according to parameterBWhen, input A, B
The frequency difference of area's governor meets
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