CN107910077B - VVER reactor type length-alternating balance cycle reactor core loading method - Google Patents

VVER reactor type length-alternating balance cycle reactor core loading method Download PDF

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CN107910077B
CN107910077B CN201710977125.3A CN201710977125A CN107910077B CN 107910077 B CN107910077 B CN 107910077B CN 201710977125 A CN201710977125 A CN 201710977125A CN 107910077 B CN107910077 B CN 107910077B
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CN107910077A (en
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徐敏
王红霞
霍小东
易璇
郭治鹏
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China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/12—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator characterised by composition, e.g. the moderator containing additional substances which ensure improved heat resistance of the moderator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of reactor design, and relates to a VVER reactor type length-alternating balance cycle reactor core loading method. The core loading method comprises the steps of replacing old fuel assemblies with 55-65 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a short-period cycle of 16 months, replacing old fuel assemblies with 75-85 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a long-period cycle of 20 months, and ensuring that the total number of the new fuel assemblies and the old fuel assemblies is 160-170 groups before and after replacement; loading replaced new fuel assemblies and burnt old fuel assemblies in an alternating arrangement, and all235The highest degree of U enrichment and235the new fuel assemblies with the lowest U enrichment degree are arranged in the reactor core inner area, and all the new fuel assemblies are235The new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree are alternately arranged in the outermost region and the secondary outer region of the reactor core. By utilizing the reactor core loading method, the VVER reactor type can realize alternate long and short balance circulation.

Description

VVER reactor type length-alternating balance cycle reactor core loading method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reactor design, and relates to a VVER reactor type length-alternating balance cycle reactor core loading method.
Background
Currently, a 18-month single cycle loading scheme is practically applied in a VVER reactor type, such as a brakov nuclear Power plant in russia, and a bay nuclear Power plant 1, 2 in hong kong city in china, and the service life reaches 480 Equivalent Full Power Days (EFPD).
Whereas the westinghouse company has designed two loading regimes for an AP1000 reactor type equilibrium cycle, the first being a standard 18 month single cycle loading regime and the second being a dual equilibrium regime, i.e. dual cycle regime, alternating between 16 months and 20 months. In the alternate long and short dual cycle scheme, the cycle is switched to 20 months after the 16 months operation cycle is completed, and then the cycle is returned to 16 months. Designing a dual balancing cycle of 16 months and 20 months allows the nuclear power plant to operate at peak demand for electricity, while scheduling refueling during periods of low demand, thus avoiding shutdown during longer peak demand in the summer. The average cost of the long and short alternating type balance cycle fuel cycle is close to that of the 18-month cycle.
However, for the VVER reactor type, it is more difficult to design an alternate 16-month and 20-month long-and-short equilibration cycle than an 18-month equilibration cycle. The long-short alternating type balance cycle not only meets the target of cycle length, but also ensures that various reactor core safety parameters meet the limit value criterion; and because the long and short alternate type balance cycle is adopted, the number of the new material assemblies loaded in each cycle is different, so the fuel utilization rate also needs to be considered, the average fuel consumption value of the discharging assembly is increased as much as possible, and the number of the material changing assemblies is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a core loading method of a VVER pile type alternate long and short balance cycle, which can enable the VVER pile type to realize alternate long and short balance cycles of 16 months and 20 months.
To achieve this object, in a basic embodiment, the present invention provides a core loading method of alternating long and short balanced cycles of VVER reactor type,
the core loading method comprises the steps of replacing old fuel assemblies with 55-65 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a short-period cycle of 16 months, replacing old fuel assemblies with 75-85 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a long-period cycle of 20 months, and ensuring that the total number of the new fuel assemblies and the old fuel assemblies is 160-170 groups before and after replacement;
the new fuel assembly comprises three different fuel assemblies235U enrichment degree;
loading replaced new fuel assemblies and burnt old fuel assemblies in an alternating arrangement, and all235The highest degree of U enrichment and235the new fuel assemblies with the lowest U enrichment degree are arranged in the reactor core inner area, and all the new fuel assemblies are235The new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree are arranged in the outermost region and the secondary outer region of the reactor core.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a core loading method of alternating long and short balanced cycles of VVER reactor type, wherein the core loading method is used for loading a core with a large number of reactors235The type of the new fuel assembly with the highest U enrichment is U49G 6; said235The type of new fuel assembly with the next highest U enrichment is U49Z 4; said235The new fuel assembly type with the lowest U-enrichment is U44Z 4.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a core loading method of alternating long and short balanced cycles of VVER reactor type, wherein the core loading method is used for loading a core with a large number of reactors235Of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.90-4.95%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with a second highest U-enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.82-4.88%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with lowest U enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.32-4.36%.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a core loading method of alternating long and short balanced cycles of the VVER reactor type, wherein:
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the highest U enrichment is 300-310, and the fuel rods235The U enrichment degree is 4.93-4.97%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 5-7, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 3.58-3.62%, and Gd of the gadolinium-containing fuel rod2O3The mass percentage content is 4-6%;
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the second highest U enrichment is 284-292, and the fuel rods235The U enrichment degree is 4.93-4.97%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 22-26, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 3.58-3.62%, and Gd of the gadolinium-containing fuel rod2O3The mass percentage content is 6-10%;
said235Fuel rod in new fuel assembly with lowest U enrichment284 plus 292 fuel rods235The U enrichment degree is 4.38-4.42%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 22-26, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 3.58-3.62%, and Gd of the gadolinium-containing fuel rod2O3The mass percentage content is 6-10%.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of core loading in alternate long and short balancing cycles of the VVER reactor type, wherein in loading replacement fresh fuel assemblies prior to the beginning of a short cycle,235the number of the new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree is 21-27 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the second highest U enrichment is 15-21 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment is 15-21 groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of core loading in alternate long and short balancing cycles of the VVER stack type, wherein in loading replacement fresh fuel assemblies prior to the start of a long cycle,235the number of the new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree is 21-27 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the second highest U enrichment is 15-21 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment is 34-40 groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a core loading method of alternate long and short balance cycles of a VVER reactor type, wherein the core loading method comprises the steps of loading and replacing old fuel assemblies with 60 groups of new fuel assemblies in the reactor before the beginning of a short cycle of 16 months, loading and replacing the old fuel assemblies with 79 groups of new fuel assemblies in the reactor before the beginning of a long cycle of 20 months, and ensuring that the total number of the new fuel assemblies and the old fuel assemblies is 163 groups.
In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a VVER reactor type long and short alternating equilibrium cycle core loading method, wherein the VVER reactor type long and short alternating equilibrium cycle core loading method235Of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.925%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with a second highest U-enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.855%; said235Lowest U enrichmentOf new fuel assemblies235The average enrichment of U was 4.344%.
In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method for loading a core with alternating long and short balanced cycles of the VVER reactor type, wherein:
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the highest U enrichment degree is 306, and the fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 4.95 percent, the number of the fuel rods containing gadolinium is 6, and the fuel rods containing gadolinium235Gd of gadolinium-containing fuel rod with 3.6 percent of U enrichment degree2O3The mass percentage content is 5 percent;
said235288 fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the second highest U enrichment degree235The enrichment degree of U is 4.95 percent, the number of the fuel rods containing gadolinium is 24, and the fuel rods containing gadolinium235Gd of gadolinium-containing fuel rod with 3.6 percent of U enrichment degree2O3The mass percentage content is 8 percent;
said235288 fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the lowest U enrichment degree235The enrichment degree of U is 4.4%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 24, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235Gd of gadolinium-containing fuel rod with 3.6 percent of U enrichment degree2O3The mass percentage content is 8 percent.
In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method for loading a core with alternating long and short balanced cycles of the VVER reactor type, wherein:
in loading a replacement new fuel assembly before the short cycle begins,235the number of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment is 24 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the next highest U enrichment was 18 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment was 18 groups.
In loading a replacement new fuel assembly before the long cycle begins,235the number of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment is 24 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the next highest U enrichment was 18 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment was 37 groups.
The reactor core loading method has the advantages that the reactor core loading method of the VVER reactor type alternate long and short balance cycle can enable the VVER reactor type to realize alternate long and short balance cycles of 16 months and 20 months, and the average cycle length is not less than 510 equivalent full power days (the average value after the long and short cycles are added), so that a nuclear power plant can operate at the peak of power supply demand, the refueling is arranged during the low demand period, and the shutdown of the reactor core at the longer power consumption peak in summer is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary core loading method of alternate long and short balancing cycles of the VVER stack of the present invention in which the arrangement of different fuel assemblies is varied after loading new fuel assemblies before the beginning of the short balancing cycle.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary core loading method of alternate long and short balancing cycles of the VVER stack of the present invention in which the arrangement of the various fuel assemblies is varied after loading new fuel assemblies before the start of the long balancing cycle.
Each set of fuel assemblies is represented by a hexagon in fig. 1 and 2. The numbers in the uppermost row in the hexagon represent the fuel assembly numbers (positions); the left number in the middle row represents the number of cycles of the fuel assembly, and the right number represents the position of the fuel assembly in the previous cycle; the numbers in the lower row represent the type of fuel assembly.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An exemplary core loading method of the present invention for alternating long and short balanced cycles of the VVER reactor type is as follows.
The old fuel assemblies with the longest burning time in the reactor are loaded and replaced by 60 groups of new fuel assemblies before the short-period cycle of 16 months begins, the old fuel assemblies with the longest burning time in the reactor are loaded and replaced by 79 groups of new fuel assemblies before the long-period cycle of 20 months begins, and the total number of the new fuel assemblies and the old fuel assemblies is kept as 163 groups before and after the loading and replacement.
The new fuel assemblies after being loaded and replaced are alternately arranged with the burnt old fuel assemblies, the new fuel assemblies of the types U49Z4 and U44Z4 are arranged in the inner area of the core, and the new fuel assemblies of the types U49G6 are arranged in the outermost area and the next outermost area of the core. The characteristics of the three types of fuel assemblies are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 characteristics of three types of fuel assemblies
Figure GDA0003011012400000051
Of the 60 new fuel assemblies loaded for replacement before the start of the short cycle, 18 groups for U44Z4 and U49Z4, respectively, and 24 groups for U49G 6; with 60 new fuel assemblies in place235The average enrichment of U was 4.73%.
Of the 79 new fuel assemblies loaded with replacement before the start of the long cycle, U44Z4 was 37, U49Z4 was 18, and U49G6 was 24; with replacement 79 sets of new fuel assemblies235The average enrichment of U was 4.64%.
In designing a core fuel management scheme as above, it is necessary to comply with relevant design criteria. Factors considered by the fuel management design criteria include enthalpy rise factor, rod power density, moderator temperature coefficient, and maximum discharge burnup. The design criteria are specifically as follows:
(1) the fuel rod power peak factor Kr is less than or equal to 1.60;
(2) maximum linear power density Ql ≦ 448W/cm (for UO)2Fuel) and Ql ≦ 360W/cm (for U-Gd fuel);
(3) the moderator temperature coefficient is negative;
(4) when a bundle of maximum value control rods is clamped, after the reactor is in an emergency shutdown state to a hot shutdown state, the re-critical temperature of the reactor core cooling is not more than 120 ℃;
(5) for a TVS-2M fuel assembly, the maximum design burnup limit does not exceed 60 MWd/kgU.
Based on the core loading method as described above, the arrangement of different fuel assemblies is shown in fig. 1 and 2, respectively, after loading new fuel assemblies before the start of the short cycle and after loading new fuel assemblies before the start of the long cycle.
With the exemplary core loading method as described above, it is possible to avoid the shutdown of the VVER reactor during the long peak of electricity usage in summer and meet the electricity demand for 510 days of operation. The loading scheme with alternate length meets the requirement of a design limit value, and is suitable for all VVER type nuclear power station units. As can be seen from the calculation results in the following Table 2, by adopting the core loading method, the parameters of the component power peak factor, the rod power peak factor and the like of the reactor during the operation process are more optimized and the fuel utilization rate is higher than the 18-month core loading scheme adopted in the existing practical engineering (No. 3 and No. 4) in the prior art.
TABLE 2 comparison of results using the core loading method of the present invention with a conventional 18 month core loading schedule
Figure GDA0003011012400000061
Figure GDA0003011012400000071
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A VVER reactor type length alternate balance cycle reactor core loading method is characterized in that:
the core loading method comprises the steps of replacing old fuel assemblies with 55-65 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a short-period cycle of 16 months, replacing old fuel assemblies with 75-85 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a long-period cycle of 20 months, and ensuring that the total number of the new fuel assemblies and the old fuel assemblies is 160-170 groups before and after replacement;
the new fuel assembly comprises three different fuel assemblies235U enrichment degree;
loading replaced new fuel assemblies and burnt old fuel assemblies in an alternating arrangement, and all235The highest degree of U enrichment and235the new fuel assemblies with the lowest U enrichment degree are arranged in the reactor core inner area, and all the new fuel assemblies are235The new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree are arranged in the outermost region and the secondary outer region of the reactor core.
2. The core loading method of claim 1, wherein: said235The type of the new fuel assembly with the highest U enrichment is U49G 6; said235The type of new fuel assembly with the next highest U enrichment is U49Z 4; said235The new fuel assembly type with the lowest U-enrichment is U44Z 4.
3. The core loading method of claim 1, wherein: said235Of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.90-4.95%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with a second highest U-enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.82-4.88%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with lowest U enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.32-4.36%.
4. The core loading method of claim 1, wherein:
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the highest U enrichment is 300-310, and the fuel rods235The U enrichment degree is 4.93-4.97%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 5-7, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 3.58-3.62%, and Gd of the gadolinium-containing fuel rod2O3The mass percentage content is 4-6%;
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the second highest U enrichment is 284-292, and the fuel rods235The U enrichment degree is 4.93-4.97%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 22-26, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 3.58-3.62%, and Gd of the gadolinium-containing fuel rod2O3The mass percentage content is 6-10%;
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the lowest U enrichment is 284-292, and the fuel rods235The U enrichment degree is 4.38-4.42%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 22-26, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 3.58-3.62%, and Gd of the gadolinium-containing fuel rod2O3The mass percentage content is 6-10%.
5. The core loading method of claim 1, wherein: in loading a replacement new fuel assembly before the short cycle begins,235the number of the new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree is 21-27 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the second highest U enrichment is 15-21 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment is 15-21 groups.
6. The core loading method of claim 1, wherein: in loading a replacement new fuel assembly before the long cycle begins,235the number of the new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment degree is 21-27 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the second highest U enrichment is 15-21 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment is 34-40 groups.
7. The core loading method of claim 1, wherein: the core loading method comprises the steps of loading and replacing the old fuel assemblies with the longest burning time in the reactor by using 60 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a short-period cycle of 16 months, loading and replacing the old fuel assemblies with the longest burning time in the reactor by using 79 groups of new fuel assemblies before the beginning of a long-period cycle of 20 months, and ensuring that the total number of the new fuel assemblies and the old fuel assemblies is 163 groups.
8. The core loading method of claim 7, wherein: said235Of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.925%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with a second highest U-enrichment235The average enrichment degree of U is 4.855%; said235Of new fuel assemblies with lowest U enrichment235The average enrichment of U was 4.344%.
9. The core loading method of claim 7, wherein:
said235The number of fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the highest U enrichment degree is 306, and the fuel rods235The enrichment degree of U is 4.95 percent, the number of the fuel rods containing gadolinium is 6, and the fuel rods containing gadolinium235Gd of gadolinium-containing fuel rod with 3.6 percent of U enrichment degree2O3The mass percentage content is 5 percent;
said235288 fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the second highest U enrichment degree235The enrichment degree of U is 4.95 percent, the number of the fuel rods containing gadolinium is 24, and the fuel rods containing gadolinium235Gd of gadolinium-containing fuel rod with 3.6 percent of U enrichment degree2O3The mass percentage content is 8 percent;
said235288 fuel rods in the new fuel assembly with the lowest U enrichment degree235The enrichment degree of U is 4.4%, the number of gadolinium-containing fuel rods is 24, and the gadolinium-containing fuel rods235Gd of gadolinium-containing fuel rod with 3.6 percent of U enrichment degree2O3The mass percentage content is 8 percent.
10. The core loading method of claim 7, wherein:
in loading a replacement new fuel assembly before the short cycle begins,235the number of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment is 24 groups;235new fuel with second-highest U enrichment degreeThe number of components is 18 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment was 18 groups;
in loading a replacement new fuel assembly before the long cycle begins,235the number of new fuel assemblies with the highest U enrichment is 24 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the next highest U enrichment was 18 groups;235the number of new fuel assemblies with the lowest U-enrichment was 37 groups.
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