CN107901531A - 一种三层木塑地板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三层木塑地板及其制备方法,所述的木塑地板由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成,并在顶层和底层中均加入了双组份聚氨酯弹性体,并通过热压成型制得所述木塑地板。本发明通过对木塑地板不同层的配方设计,并选择合适的叠放次序进行组合,所制得的木塑地板具有良好的耐磨性、耐冲击性、抗震性、机械强度和阻隔性,在室内装潢领域获得了广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于木塑复合材料领域,具体涉及一种三层木塑地板及其制备方法。
背景技术
地板在室内装潢已越来越多的被使用,地板包括实木地板、强化复合木地板、实木复合地板、竹木地板、软木地板。传统的室内地板大多以木材为主,该地板存在易燃、易潮、易腐蚀、吸水膨胀和干燥收缩等问题。木塑地板是一种主要由木材(木纤维素、植物纤维素)为基础材料与热塑性高分子材料(PE、PVC塑料)和加工助剂等,混合均匀后再经模具设备加热挤出成型而制成的高科技绿色环保材料,兼有木材和塑料的性能与特征,能替代木材和塑料的新型环保高科技材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术不足,提供一种三层木塑地板及其制备方法。本发明通过对木塑地板不同层的配方设计,并选择合适的叠放次序进行组合,所制得的木塑地板具有良好的耐磨性、耐冲击性、抗震性、机械强度和阻隔性,在室内装潢领域获得了广泛的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种三层木塑地板,由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体22~28份、植物纤维80~100份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯6~8份、阻燃增塑剂20~30份、热稳定剂3~5份、抗氧剂1~3份、抗老化剂1~3份和着色剂0.5~1.5份;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维40~60份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 3~5份、增塑剂15~20份、热稳定剂4~6份和润滑剂1~3份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体30~35份、植物纤维120~150份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯8~10份、增塑剂30~40份、热稳定剂7~9份和润滑剂1~3份。
所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:按重量份数计,先将25份聚乙二醇和12份氧化石墨烯混合,真空脱水后,在氮气保护下,加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份,在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后,加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体;在80℃恒温下,再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌反应2.5h,降温制得所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体。
所述地板顶层的原料组成中,阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为(1.5~3):1组成。
如上所述的一种三层木塑地板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)地板顶层的制备方法:将PVC粉和阻燃增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂、抗氧剂、抗老化剂和着色剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于145~165℃下制得板材;
(2)地板中层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将玻璃纤维加入到硅烷偶联剂KH550中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的玻璃纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的玻璃纤维、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于155~170℃下制得板材;
(3)地板底层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于150~168℃下制得板材;
(4)复合成型:将上述步骤制得的地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层依次铺设,并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型,制得所述三层木塑地板。
上述双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备过程中,先是将聚乙二醇和氧化石墨烯混合,这两种物质并不会发生反应,然后加入了异氰酸酯和锡类催化剂,此时聚乙二醇会和异氰酸酯发生反应生成聚氨酯,同时由于氧化石墨烯上含有大量的羟基基团,其也会和异氰酸酯发生反应,接枝上异氰酸根,那么随着这两个反应的同时进行,加入扩链剂和交联剂后,聚氨酯和氧化石墨烯不仅会发生自身的扩链交联,而且还会发生相互交联,形成成分均匀的交联结构。本发明将双组份聚氨酯弹性体加入到木塑地板中,所得地板兼具了聚氨酯和PVC的性能。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明的三层复合木塑地板在顶层和底层中均加入了双组份聚氨酯弹性体,利用聚氨酯弹性体的性能,增大了木塑地板的耐磨性、耐冲击性、抗震性、机械强度等性能;
(2)本发明通过将氧化石墨烯和聚氨酯复合制得双组份聚氨酯弹性体,并将其添加到木塑地板中,能大大提高木塑地板顶层的阻隔性;
(3)本发明通过对木塑地板不同层的配方设计,并选择合适的叠放次序进行组合,所制备的三层木塑地板每层均有不同的性能:表层由于植物纤维、聚氨酯弹性体以及抗老化剂等的加入,使其具有很好的表面耐候性、机械性能以及阻隔性;中间层主要是隔热防水层,起到隔热、防水、耐压、耐冲击等作用;底层主要是配方中密度较低稍软一些的材料,具有很强的抓地力,能够使地板平整且不易移位;
(4)本发明选用三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯对植物纤维进行改性,利用偶联剂三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中的单烷氧基与纤维表面的羟基发生偶联,提高填料的分散性;
(5)本发明选用氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯复配作为PVC粉的增塑剂,不仅具有良好的增塑作用,同时具有优良的阻燃、抑烟效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不仅仅限于这些实施例。
双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备:按重量份数计,先将25份聚乙二醇和12份氧化石墨烯混合,真空脱水后,在氮气保护下,加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份,在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后,加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体;在80℃恒温下,再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌反应2.5h,降温制得所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例1
一种三层木塑地板,由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体22份、植物纤维80份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯6份、阻燃增塑剂20份、热稳定剂3份、抗氧剂1份、抗老化剂1份和着色剂0.5份;所述阻燃增塑剂由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为1.5:1组成;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维40份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 3份、增塑剂15份、热稳定剂4份和润滑剂1份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体30份、植物纤维120份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯8份、增塑剂30份、热稳定剂7份和润滑剂1份。
所述的一种三层木塑地板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)地板顶层的制备方法:将PVC粉和阻燃增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂、抗氧剂、抗老化剂和着色剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于145℃下制得板材;
(2)地板中层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将玻璃纤维加入到硅烷偶联剂KH550中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的玻璃纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的玻璃纤维、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于155℃下制得板材;
(3)地板底层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于150℃下制得板材;
(4)复合成型:将上述步骤制得的地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层依次铺设,并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型,制得所述三层木塑地板。
实施例2
一种三层木塑地板,由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体28份、植物纤维100份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯8份、阻燃增塑剂30份、热稳定剂5份、抗氧剂3份、抗老化剂3份和着色剂1.5份;所述阻燃增塑剂由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为3:1组成;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维60份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 5份、增塑剂20份、热稳定剂6份和润滑剂3份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体35份、植物纤维150份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯10份、增塑剂40份、热稳定剂9份和润滑剂3份。
所述的一种三层木塑地板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)地板顶层的制备方法:将PVC粉和阻燃增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂、抗氧剂、抗老化剂和着色剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于165℃下制得板材;
(2)地板中层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将玻璃纤维加入到硅烷偶联剂KH550中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的玻璃纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的玻璃纤维、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于170℃下制得板材;
(3)地板底层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于168℃下制得板材;
(4)复合成型:将上述步骤制得的地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层依次铺设,并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型,制得所述三层木塑地板。
实施例3
一种三层木塑地板,由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体25份、植物纤维90份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯7份、阻燃增塑剂25份、热稳定剂4份、抗氧剂2份、抗老化剂2份和着色剂1份;所述阻燃增塑剂由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为2:1组成;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维50份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 4份、增塑剂18份、热稳定剂5份和润滑剂2份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体33份、植物纤维135份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯9份、增塑剂35份、热稳定剂8份和润滑剂2份。
所述的一种三层木塑地板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)地板顶层的制备方法:将PVC粉和阻燃增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂、抗氧剂、抗老化剂和着色剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于155℃下制得板材;
(2)地板中层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将玻璃纤维加入到硅烷偶联剂KH550中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的玻璃纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的玻璃纤维、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于163℃下制得板材;
(3)地板底层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于158℃下制得板材;
(4)复合成型:将上述步骤制得的地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层依次铺设,并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型,制得所述三层木塑地板。
对比例1
一种三层木塑地板,由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、植物纤维90份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯7份、阻燃增塑剂25份、热稳定剂4份、抗氧剂2份、抗老化剂2份和着色剂1份;所述阻燃增塑剂由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为2:1组成;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维50份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 4份、增塑剂18份、热稳定剂5份和润滑剂2份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、植物纤维135份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯9份、增塑剂35份、热稳定剂8份和润滑剂2份。
该木塑地板的加工工艺与上述实施例相同,均是采用挤出、热压成型的方法。
对比例2
一种三层木塑地板,由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、聚氨酯弹性体25份、植物纤维90份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯7份、阻燃增塑剂25份、热稳定剂4份、抗氧剂2份、抗老化剂2份和着色剂1份;所述阻燃增塑剂由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为2:1组成;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维50份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 4份、增塑剂18份、热稳定剂5份和润滑剂2份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、聚氨酯弹性体33份、植物纤维135份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯9份、增塑剂35份、热稳定剂8份和润滑剂2份。
所述聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:按重量份数计,在氮气保护下,将25份聚乙二醇和38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯混合,随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份,在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后,加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体;在80℃恒温下,再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌反应2.5h,降温制得所述聚氨酯弹性体。
该木塑地板的加工工艺与上述实施例相同,均是采用挤出、热压成型的方法。
性能测试:
参照木塑地板国家标准 GB/T24508-2009,将上述实施例以及对比例加工制成标准样条,对其抗弯曲破坏载荷、耐磨性、抗压强度、干燥收缩值、常温落球冲击、低温落锤冲击、耐冷热循环、抗冻融性、氧指数、阻隔性进行测试,结果如表1所示。
表1 木塑地板的性能
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种三层木塑地板,其特征在于:所述木塑地板由地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层组成;
所述地板顶层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体22~28份、植物纤维80~100份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯6~8份、阻燃增塑剂20~30份、热稳定剂3~5份、抗氧剂1~3份、抗老化剂1~3份和着色剂0.5~1.5份;
所述地板中层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维40~60份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 3~5份、增塑剂15~20份、热稳定剂4~6份和润滑剂1~3份;
所述地板底层由以下质量份数的原料制得:PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体30~35份、植物纤维120~150份、三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯8~10份、增塑剂30~40份、热稳定剂7~9份和润滑剂1~3份;
所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:按重量份数计,先将25份聚乙二醇和12份氧化石墨烯混合,真空脱水后,在氮气保护下,加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份,在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后,加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体;在80℃恒温下,再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌反应2.5h,降温制得所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三层木塑地板,其特征在于:所述地板顶层的原料组成中,阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为(1.5~3):1组成。
3.一种制备如权利要求1所述的一种三层木塑地板的方法,其特征在于:具体包括以下步骤:
(1)地板顶层的制备方法:将PVC粉和阻燃增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂、抗氧剂、抗老化剂和着色剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于145~165℃下制得板材;
(2)地板中层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将玻璃纤维加入到硅烷偶联剂KH550中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的玻璃纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的玻璃纤维、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于155~170℃下制得板材;
(3)地板底层的制备方法:将PVC粉和增塑剂置于高速捏合机中,搅拌10min进行增塑处理;将植物纤维加入到三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸异丙酯中,搅拌使其混合均匀后,在80℃烘箱中干燥6小时,得到改性的植物纤维;将增塑处理的PVC粉、改性的植物纤维、双组份聚氨酯弹性体、热稳定剂和润滑剂一起投入到高速混料机中,机械混合15min后,再投入到挤出机中于150~168℃下制得板材;
(4)复合成型:将上述步骤制得的地板底层、地板中层和地板顶层依次铺设,并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型,制得所述三层木塑地板。
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