CN107901525B - 一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107901525B
CN107901525B CN201711091646.5A CN201711091646A CN107901525B CN 107901525 B CN107901525 B CN 107901525B CN 201711091646 A CN201711091646 A CN 201711091646A CN 107901525 B CN107901525 B CN 107901525B
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modified asphalt
pitch
low temperature
layer
coiled material
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CN107901525A (zh
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秦奇东
张志功
蒙日权
***
孙龙
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Yuwang Jianneng Technology Co ltd
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Jilin Yuwang Building Saving Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其包括胎基、上改性沥青层、下改性沥青层、隔离层和覆盖层。本发明所述防水卷材通过改性沥青的组分优化在保持防水性、强度、韧性的情况下取得了优异的低温性能，通过改性沥青与胎基基质、隔离层、覆盖层的紧密配合进一步强化了防水性和强度，使其更加持久耐用。

Description

一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种建筑用防水卷材，特别是涉及一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材及其制备方法。
背景技术
弹性体(SBS)改性沥青防水卷材是以聚酯毡或玻纤毡为胎基，以苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)共聚热塑性弹性体作为改性剂，两面覆以聚乙烯膜、细沙、粉料或矿物粒(片)料制成改性沥青防水卷材，其在欧洲防水材料市场占据绝对的主导地位，除意大利外，其他欧洲各国均以SBS改性为主，市场占有率达80％以上，并且应用在各种建筑物、公路，铁路，桥梁机场和地铁等工程项目领域。我国从上世纪80年代中期开始引进改性沥青防水卷材生产技术，弹性体(SBS)改性沥青防水卷材因其良好的物理性能，耐高温及低温柔性和防水性能，在国内被广泛推广和使用。
随着近些年来建材市场业务的发展，寒冷地区沥青防水卷材的使用量大增，然而一些高寒地区(-30℃以下)受环境影响，普通SBS改性沥青防水卷材国标I型低温-20℃、II型低温-25℃不能满足使用要求。这就需要研制开发出一种能耐高寒的超低温改性沥青防水卷材。另外，弹性体(SBS)改性沥青防水卷材由于长期暴露在外，风吹日晒易导致表层沥青开裂影响防水效果。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种适应低温寒冷地区的防水卷材，通过改性沥青的组分优化，改性沥青与胎基基质、隔离层、覆盖层的紧密配合，使得所述防水卷材具有防水性好、低温性能优越、材料强度大、持久耐用的特点。具体而言，
一方面，本发明提供一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述卷材包括胎基、上改性沥青层、下改性沥青层；所述上改性沥青层和下改性沥青层是弹性体改性沥青或塑性体改性沥青，以重量计原料配比为：
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述上改性沥青层和下改性沥青层的原料配比优选为：
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述上改性沥青层和下改性沥青层的原料配比更优选为：
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述胎基为聚酯毡、玻纤增强聚酯毡或玻纤网格布复合毡。
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述下改性沥青层的下表面涂有隔离层。
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述下改性沥青层下表面的隔离层由聚乙烯膜或隔离膜构成。
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述上改性沥青层的上表面覆盖有彩色覆盖层。
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述上改性沥青层上表面的彩色覆盖层为陶瓷烧结砂。
第二方面，本发明提供所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材的制备方法，包括：
(1)制备改性沥青，将100#沥青、10#沥青混合加热至170-180℃，依次加入基础油、SBS、橡胶粉、聚丙烯，边加边搅拌直至混合均匀，最后加入石粉混匀后出料；
(2)胎基涂覆，将胎基烘干、浸油处理；将浸油的胎基进入涂覆池，将步骤(1)制备的改性沥青涂覆至胎基两侧；
(3)压膜，胎基涂覆后冷却至下改性沥青层温度为100-120℃时用压膜机压上隔离膜；
(4)覆沙，控制防水卷材上改性沥青层温度为120-130℃时，用覆沙机在上改性沥青层的上表面均匀覆盖陶瓷烧结砂。
本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材的制备方法，其中步骤(2)中胎基浸油的温度为190-200℃，改性沥青涂覆温度为180-190℃。
第三方面本发明提供所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材在建筑防水中的应用，其特征在于，通过热熔法施工。
本发明所述的应用，优选应用于寒冷地区建筑防水，所述寒冷地区为平均年最低气温低至-30℃、-35℃、或-40℃的地区。
本发明所述产品具有以下优点：长丝聚酯毡和陶瓷烧结砂两种高性能材料相结合，综合性能优异，是高性能档次防水材料；可形成高强度防水层，抵抗压力水能力强；耐硌破、耐撕裂、耐疲劳、耐腐蚀、耐霉菌、耐候性能优异；抗拉强度高，延伸率大，对基层收缩、变形、开裂的适应能力强；产品可外露施工，施工性能优异，热熔法粘接，一年四季均可施工，且热接缝，可靠耐久；具有优异的尺寸稳定性；耐低温性能优越，在-30℃、-35℃、-40℃下无裂纹。
与现有技术相比，本发明取得了以下技术效果：
1.低温性能优异。本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材通过对改性沥青的组分优化，改性沥青与胎基基质、隔离层、覆盖层的紧密配合，具备了优异的低温性能，在低温下粘接性能良好，在-40℃下仍然无裂纹。不仅满足我国东北、内蒙、西北寒冷地区，还适合俄罗斯等高寒地区的建筑防水。
2.多层配合强度大、持久耐用。本发明在现有技术改性沥青防水卷材的基础上进一步结合了长丝聚酯毡和陶瓷烧结砂两种高性能材料的优点，表层的陶瓷烧结砂增强了强度和耐硌性，而且能够有效抵抗日照、氧化、腐蚀，增强防水卷材的持久耐用性；进而各层之间协同配合，施工后不分层、不开裂、不卷翘。
3.施工方便，适用范围广。本发明所述耐低温改性沥青防水卷材采用热熔法施工，不受环境温度的影响，可外露施工，一年四季均可使用，且热接缝，具有优异的尺寸稳定性，可靠耐久。
4.装饰性强，颜色丰富多彩，立体感强。隔离层烧结砂层能起到装饰作用，只需施工对花正确即可，产品外观图形美观，从而达到防水装饰一体化的效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另行定义，文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外，任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
本发明提供一种超低温CNF立体多彩改性沥青防水卷材。本产品包括彩色覆盖层、上改性沥青层、下改性沥青层、胎基、隔离层。胎基为聚酯毡或玻纤增强聚酯毡或玻纤网格布复合毡。胎基的上下表面分别涂有上、下改性沥青层，所说的上、下改性沥青层是由弹性体改性沥青或塑性体改性沥青构成，所说的上改性沥青层上表面涂有彩色覆盖层，下改性沥青层下表面涂有隔离层，隔离层是由聚乙烯膜或隔离膜构成。本产品装饰性强，颜色丰富多彩，立体感强，质地轻，施工方便，耐低温性能优越，在-30℃、-35℃、-40℃下无裂纹，仍保持防水性能，低温环境下粘接性能良好，防水效果好。
实施例1改性沥青的制备
按照以下重量百分比称取改性沥青原料100#沥青37％、10#沥青8％、SBS 7％、环烷油10％、橡胶粉12％、聚丙烯6％、石粉20％。
将100#沥青、10#沥青混合加热至170℃；
在搅拌的条件下，依次加入环烷油、SBS、橡胶粉、聚丙烯，搅拌均匀，升温至190℃，持续搅拌，保温30min。
加入石粉在180℃条件下继续搅拌1小时，出料得耐低温改性沥青。
实施例2防水卷材的制备
将长丝聚酯毡加热至160℃，直至充分烘干。
将干燥的长丝聚酯毡浸渍环烷油，浸渍温度为190℃；充分浸油后挤干表层多余环烷油。
将浸油预处理后的长丝聚酯毡胎基进入涂覆池，将实施例1中制备的改性沥青均匀涂覆至长丝聚酯毡胎基两侧，控制涂覆温度为180℃。
胎基涂覆后冷却至下表面温度为120℃时用压膜机压上隔离膜。
控制防水卷材上表面改性沥青的温度为120℃，用覆沙器在卷材上表面均匀覆盖陶瓷烧结砂。覆沙器外部的模具板通过其上方的投沙斗控制好沙料的流量，启动电机控制装置，保证卷材传输速度与滚筛体的转动速度相同，沙子由投沙斗投入沙箱，在滚筛体转动过程中，沙箱固定在工作台上静止不动，沙子通过滚筛体上面的小孔掉落在托沙覆帯上，并随托沙覆帯反方向转动，随后自由掉落在卷材表面；由于滚筛体上贴覆有模具板，从而改变了沙子从滚筛体掉出后的形状；在滚筛体转动过程中残余的沙料经余沙回收板进入余沙回收槽。
实施例1-2制备的耐低温改性沥青防水卷材为-35℃防水卷材。
实施例3-40℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材
参考实施例1-2制备-40℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，除了原料配比以外，其余各步骤与实施例1-2的方法相同。
-40℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材的原料配比，按重量份计：100#沥青38％、10#沥青7％、SBS 6％、环烷油14％、橡胶粉10％、聚丙烯7％、石粉18％。
实施例4-30℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材
参考实施例1-2制备-30℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材。
参考实施例1-2制备-30℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材，除了原料配比以外，其余各步骤与实施例1-2的方法相同。
-30℃耐低温改性沥青防水卷材的原料配比，按重量份计：100#沥青30％、10#沥青5％、SBS 7％、环烷油8％、橡胶粉14％、聚丙烯6％、石粉30％。
实施例5性能测试
参照GB 18242-2008《弹性体改性沥青防水卷材》中相关的要求对本发明制备的-30℃、-35℃、-40℃三种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材进行检测。检测结果如下：
表1：-40℃材料性能如下：
拉力(N/cm) 纵向934横向856
最大拉力时延伸率/％ 纵向42横向45
耐热性(105℃，2h) 无位移、流淌、滴落
低温柔性(-40℃) 无裂纹
表2：-35℃材料性能如下：
拉力(N/cm) 纵向894横向849
最大拉力时延伸率/％ 纵向43横向46
耐热性(105℃，2h) 无位移、流淌、滴落
低温柔性(-35℃) 无裂纹
表3：-30℃材料性能如下：
拉力(N/cm) 纵向887横向853
最大拉力时延伸率/％ 纵向42横向45
耐热性(105℃，2h) 无位移、流淌、滴落
低温柔性(-30℃) 无裂纹
本产品符合国家检测标准，各项指标性能优异，装饰性强，颜色丰富多彩，立体感强，质地轻，施工方便，耐低温性能优越，在-30℃、-35℃、-40℃下无裂纹，仍保持防水性能，低温环境下粘接性能良好，防水效果好，尤其适合高寒恶劣环境的地区使用。
上述说明并非对本发明的限制，本发明也并不限于上述举例。本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内，作出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (3)

1.一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述卷材包括胎基、上改性沥青层、下改性沥青层；所述上改性沥青层和下改性沥青层是弹性体改性沥青或塑性体改性沥青；所述胎基为长丝聚酯毡；所述下改性沥青层的下表面涂有隔离膜；所述上改性沥青层的上表面覆盖有陶瓷烧结砂层；
所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
按照以下重量百分比称取改性沥青原料：
100#沥青 38%
10#沥青 7%
SBS 6%
环烷油 14%
橡胶粉 10%
聚丙烯 7%
石粉 18%；
将100#沥青、10#沥青混合加热至170℃；
在搅拌的条件下，依次加入环烷油、SBS、橡胶粉、聚丙烯，搅拌均匀，升温至190℃，持续搅拌，保温30min；
加入石粉在180℃条件下继续搅拌1小时，出料得耐低温改性沥青；
将长丝聚酯毡加热至160℃，直至充分烘干；
将干燥的长丝聚酯毡浸渍环烷油，浸渍温度为190℃；充分浸油后挤干表层多余环烷油；
将浸油预处理后的长丝聚酯毡胎基进入涂覆池，将制备好的耐低温改性沥青均匀涂覆至长丝聚酯毡胎基两侧，控制涂覆温度为180℃；
胎基涂覆后冷却至下表面温度为120℃时用压膜机压上隔离膜；
控制防水卷材上表面改性沥青的温度为120℃，用覆沙器在卷材上表面均匀覆盖陶瓷烧结砂。
2.权利要求1所述一种耐低温改性沥青防水卷材的制备方法制备的防水卷材在建筑防水中的应用，其特征在于，通过热熔法施工。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用，应用于寒冷地区建筑防水，所述寒冷地区为平均年最低气温低至-30℃、-35℃、或-40℃的地区。
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CN103911117A (zh) * 2013-01-05 2014-07-09 上海东方雨虹防水技术有限责任公司 一种改性沥青防水卷材、其涂盖料、及其制备方法
CN103223748A (zh) * 2013-05-16 2013-07-31 白银志同防水材料有限公司 复合改性沥青防水卷材
CN104859217A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2015-08-26 辽宁本特耐科技发展有限公司 一种超低温sbs改性沥青防水卷材
CN106183217A (zh) * 2016-07-05 2016-12-07 潍坊市宇虹防水材料(集团)有限公司 弹性体改性沥青防水卷材及其制备方法

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