CN107897060A - The observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam - Google Patents
The observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN107897060A CN107897060A CN201711146849.XA CN201711146849A CN107897060A CN 107897060 A CN107897060 A CN 107897060A CN 201711146849 A CN201711146849 A CN 201711146849A CN 107897060 A CN107897060 A CN 107897060A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering field, the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under the dam that a kind of feasibility is strong and reliability is high is specifically disclosed.The observation procedure of fish constellation effect under the dam, including Underway measurements step；Underway measurements step：Observation vessel is set to advance with the course line road of walking of zigzag on the lower reache of dam observation.By making the observation of walking course line road in the case where the lower reache uplink of dam drive into row dam fish constellation effect of the observation vessel with zigzag, the observation scope of lower reache can either be completely covered, and beneficial to the time is saved, feasibility is strong and the reliability of observed result is high.By the observation that fish constellation effect under dam is carried out to built hydroelectric project, compare the distribution of fish group space and flow field spatial distribution, to probe into the relation of fish population density and flow field characteristic, define cluster adaptability of the fish in section different in flow rate, adjustment can be optimized to built hydroelectric project fish pass structure attracting mouth foundation is provided, to improve fish efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering field, and in particular to the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under a kind of dam.
Background technology
Hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering needs to build the hydraulic structures such as barrage, lock, natural river is intercepted, engineering construction can not
Fish in river, particularly migratory fish are caused barrier to influence, cause fish not trace back with avoiding.Cross fish engineering
It is to slow down the important measures that hydroelectric project dam influences fish barrier, and compensation hydroelectric development causes what the stock of fish failed
A kind of effective measures.
The validity for collecting facilities for fish's passage was one of successful key factor of fish engineering, and the position of fish inlet is set to fish gathering
The validity of facility has vital influence.Numerous achievements in research show that current have sucking action, big portion to fish
The attraction of the fish dependent station tail water divided is liked accumulating near exit of hydropower plant's tailwater.At present, domestic hydroelectric project fish pass structure
Selection sets fish inlet location method：The mode for being usually aided with numerical simulation while hydraulic model is established obtains water power work
The flow field condition of exit of hydropower plant's tailwater under the conditions of each typical condition of journey, further according to flow field condition, selects delaying for flow velocity 1m/s or so
Flow position of the area as fish inlet.Definite fish inlet is actual with engineering section mainly from the aspect of flow field by the above process
Fish collection area there are certain difference, the validity for often leading to built collection facilities for fish's passage is not good enough.Therefore study main
Constellation effect of the fish object under dam is crossed, carries out the observation of fish collection effect under dam to built hydroelectric project, understands fish cluster
Response scale to current, definite the having a very important role for similar engineering fish inlet position.
At present, the observation for carrying out fish constellation effect under barrage is in the starting stage, the method that there is no reliable maturation
Observation applied to fish constellation effect under dam.
The content of the invention
The fish constellation effect under strong and high reliability dam the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of feasibility
Observation procedure.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：The observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam, bag
Include Underway measurements step；
Underway measurements step：Observation vessel is set to advance with the course line road of walking of zigzag on the lower reache of dam observation.
Be further, it is described walk course line road include tiltedly directly to part of path and Yokogawa to part of path, it is described tiltedly directly to circuit
Section and Yokogawa to the angle α between part of path be 25 °~45 °.
It is further that the observation procedure further includes engineering investigation step, drafts observation period and scope step and instrument
Installation and debugging step；
Draft observation period and scope step：The finding that step is investigated according to engineering drafts observation period and observation model
Enclose；
Instrument installation and debugging step：Before observation vessel sets out, observation vessel sidepiece set fish finder, DIDSON survey meters and
ADCP survey meters, and GPS positioning navigator, the fish finder, ADCP survey meters and DIDSON survey meters are set on observation vessel
Underwater penetration be 0.5~1m；
In Underway measurements step, using the fish of fish finder detection vertical cross section, water is detected using DIDSON survey meters
The fish of flat section, utilize the flow velocity of ADCP survey meters detection current.
Be further, engineering investigation step in, under the conditions of the hinge horizontal layout, each moon typical condition to power station under
Vent flow, engineering flood discharge period, the underwater topography of lower reache of flood discharge flow and dam are investigated, and during investigating observation
Water temperature, temperature, run-off, the water level on hinge dam, the water level under hinge dam and power station operating condition.
It is further to draft in observation period and scope step, the observation period drafted is as follows：First Observation carries out
24 persistently observe when small, remaining observation selection morning 8~10 point and/or afternoon 5~7 point are observed；The observation drafted
Scope is as follows：Using at the downstream base of dam line of dam as the most upstream for the lower reache observed, the lower reache observed
The downstream base of dam line of most downstream and dam is at a distance of 1000~2000m.
It is further that in Underway measurements step, the most downstream of observation vessel from the lower reache observed is travelled to institute
The most upstream of the lower reache of observation, and the gait of march of observation vessel is less than 1.0m/s.
It is further that the observation vessel is moved ahead with manpower or driven by power.
It is further that the observation procedure further includes data processing step；
Data processing step：The marine acoustics initial data measured to fish finder and DIDSON survey meters pre-processes, right
The scanning space of acoustics wave beam carries out individual echo and counts, the number for the fish detected；And sampled according to beam spread
The water volume of angle calculation scanning space, so as to calculate the fish aggregation density in scanning space, exports each scanning space
Position coordinates and the corresponding fish aggregation density of each scanning space, and be modeled according to output data, obtain fish cluster
Spatial distribution model；Meanwhile the flow rate of water flow data at the locus detected according to ADCP survey meters are obtained into row interpolation
To the Flow Field Distribution feature of two dimensional surface.
It is further that in data processing step, the fish aggregation density ρ in scanning space is calculated by following two formula
Obtain：
In formula, N is the number for the fish detected, and V is the water volume of the scanning space of single cone shape, and P is altogether
The quantity of scanning space is observed, θ is effective detection angles of the horizontal direction of fish finder or DIDSON survey meters,For fish finder
Or effective detection angles of the longitudinal direction of DIDSON survey meters, R2For the detection limit position depth of water, R1For fish finder or DIDSON
The underwater penetration of survey meter；
Modeling carries out interpolation calculation using interpolation method, and before interpolation arithmetic, the fish in each scanning space are collected
Population density carries out natural logrithm conversion, and logarithmic transformation formula is as follows：
ρ '=ln (ρ+1)；
Flow Field Distribution feature based on two dimensional surface, the sky with fish cluster is obtained by way of hydraulic model calculating
Between the corresponding flow field spatial distribution model of distributed model.
It is further that the observation procedure further includes fish constellation effect conclusion verification step；
Fish constellation effect conclusion verification step：The scope of fish cluster suitability is defined between 0 to 1, if fish collect
The highest flow velocity section of population density is the flow rates of optimum fish cluster, and the fish cluster suitability at this is 1；According to fish
The spatial distribution model of type of cluster and the Flow Field Distribution feature of two dimensional surface, the fish cluster for calculating other flow velocity sections are suitable
Property, if the fish cluster suitability in other flow velocity sections, no more than 0.6, return drafts observation period and scope step again
Start to observe, untill the fish cluster suitability at least one in other flow velocity sections is more than 0.6.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：By making observation vessel walk lower reache uplink of the course line road in dam with zigzag
The observation of fish constellation effect under row dam is driven into, the observation scope of lower reache can either be completely covered, and is beneficial to save the time,
Feasibility is strong and the reliability of observed result is high.By carrying out the main region of fish cluster, fish under dam to built hydroelectric project
The observation of the quantity of type of cluster and the flow field condition of cluster regions, compares the distribution of fish group space and flow field spatial distribution,
To probe into the relation of fish population density and flow field characteristic, cluster adaptability of the fish in section different in flow rate is defined, can be right
Built hydroelectric project fish pass structure attracting mouth optimizes adjustment and provides foundation, to improve fish efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to walk the line map that navigates to what fish constellation effect under dam was observed；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention；
In figure mark for：Water (flow) direction 1, dam 2, tailwater channel 3, downstream riverbank 4, Yokogawa to part of path 5, tiltedly directly to circuit
Section 6, walk course line road 7, fish finder 8, ADCP survey meters 9, observation vessel 10.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam, including engineering investigate step, draft observation
Period and scope step, instrument installation and debugging step and Underway measurements step；
The purpose of engineering investigation step is to grasp the basic condition for being ready for observation section, and the formulation for observation program carries
For foundation；The content that the step is mainly investigated includes the lower aerial drainage under the conditions of the hinge horizontal layout in power station, each moon typical condition
Amount, engineering flood discharge period, the data such as the underwater topography of lower reache of flood discharge flow and dam 2, and investigate the water during observation
The data such as temperature, temperature, run-off, the water level on hinge dam, the water level under hinge dam and power station operating condition；
Draft observation period and scope step and observation period and sight are mainly drafted according to the finding of engineering investigation step
Survey scope；Observation period：The period being chosen at beyond the flood discharge of power station, dry season are optimal；It should be avoided under strong wind when being observed
The adverse weather condition such as rain；Generally first carry out one day 24 it is small when lasting observation after, to observation data carry out preliminary analysis, obtain
The lower reache fish movement observed period the most intensive, observation several times afterwards may be selected these periods and carries out emphasis and see
Survey；In general, fish are in the morning and the activity of period at dusk is the most active, carry out observation effect in the movable active period of fish
Most preferably；Observation scope generally can suitably be adjusted according to the lower reache and hub station arrangement condition observed, as power station is
Workshop then observes section and section within 2 downstream 500m of dam may be selected behind river channel dam；And for example power station is bank underground type factory
Room, then tackle observation scope and be adjusted, observation scope may be selected at the upstream 500m of the outlet of tailwater channel 3 to downstream at 500m
Lower reache, and as far as possible covering river tunneling boring be observed；
In above-mentioned steps, the observation period preferably drafted is as follows：First Observation progress 24 is persistently observed when small, remaining sight
Survey selection morning 8~10 point and/or afternoon 5~7 point are observed；It is preferred that the observation scope drafted is as follows：With the downstream of dam 2
Most upstream at base of dam line as the lower reache observed, and make under most downstream and the dam 2 of observed lower reache
Base of dam line is swum at a distance of 1000~2000m；
Instrument installation and debugging step：Before observation vessel 10 sets out, fish finder 8, DIDSON is set to visit in the sidepiece of observation vessel 10
Instrument and ADCP survey meters 9 are surveyed, and GPS positioning navigator, the fish finder 8,9 and of ADCP survey meters are set on observation vessel 10
The underwater penetration of DIDSON survey meters is 0.5~1m；In the step, fish finder 8 preferably uses EY60 echo sounders, and GPS is fixed
Position navigator is generally arranged at the ship of observation vessel 10 along upper；
Underway measurements step：Observation vessel 10 is set to advance with the course line road 7 of walking of zigzag on the lower reache of dam 2 sight
Survey；The fish of vertical cross section are detected using fish finder 8, about 90 ° of the angular range of 8 launching electronics signal of fish finder, utilizes
DIDSON survey meters detect the fish of horizontal section, and about 20 ° of the angular range of the launching electronics signal of DIDSON survey meters, utilizes
ADCP survey meters 9 detect the flow velocity of current；The most downstream of observation vessel 10 from the lower reache observed is travelled to being observed down
The most upstream of section is swum, i.e. observation vessel 10 is travelled along course line road 7 is walked, it travels starting point to the direction and water (flow) direction for travelling terminal
1 is opposite；The circuit that observation vessel 10 is advanced in theory is more intensive, then the scope of scope covering is bigger, the data of acquisition also more Xiang
It is real, but observation time and workload also accordingly increase；While in order to ensure coverage as big as possible shorten observation time,
Workload is reduced, therefore observation vessel 10 is walked the traveling observation of course line road 7 with zigzag；
In above-mentioned steps, electronic signal is mainly converted into acoustic impluse and is transmitted to by fish finder 8 and DIDSON survey meters
In water, when sound wave runs into barrier in communication process in water, partial sound signal backscattering to respective transducer, is changed
Energy device receives and is converted into electronic signal by cable transmission to computer is controlled, and generates reflectogram；So observation vessel 10 is only in water
In should keep gentle as much as possible, excessive jolting may have an impact final observation data, it is therefore preferable that use with
Manpower or driven by power observation vessel 10 move ahead, and the gait of march of control observation ship 10 is less than 1.0m/s；
Preferably, it is described walk course line road 7 include tiltedly directly to part of path 6 and Yokogawa to part of path 5, it is described tiltedly directly to part of path
6 and Yokogawa to the angle α between part of path 5 be 25 °~45 °；This, which walks course line road 7, can be completely covered observation scope and most
Limits save the time, greatly reduce workload；In order to make investigative range cover the lower reache tunneling boring observed, lead to
Often make tiltedly directly to part of path 6 and Yokogawa to the close downstream riverbank 4 in 5 intersection of part of path；
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 2, under the dam, the observation procedure of fish constellation effect is also
Including data processing step；Data processing step mainly calculates fish aggregation density by echo integration method；
Data processing step：The marine acoustics initial data measured to fish finder 8 and DIDSON survey meters pre-processes, right
The scanning space of acoustics wave beam carries out individual echo and counts, the number for the fish detected；And sampled according to beam spread
The water volume of angle calculation scanning space, so as to calculate the fish aggregation density in scanning space, exports each scanning space
Position coordinates and the corresponding fish aggregation density of each scanning space, output data is usually made form, and according to output number
According to being modeled, the spatial distribution model of fish cluster is obtained；Meanwhile at the locus detected according to ADCP survey meters 9
Flow rate of water flow data into row interpolation, obtain the Flow Field Distribution feature of two dimensional surface.
Preferably, in data processing step, the fish aggregation density ρ in scanning space is calculated by following two formula
Arrive：
In formula, N is the number for the fish detected, and V is the water volume of the scanning space of single cone shape, and P is altogether
The quantity of scanning space is observed, θ is effective detection angles of the horizontal direction of fish finder 8 or DIDSON survey meters,For fish finder
Effective detection angles of the longitudinal direction of 8 or DIDSON survey meters, R2For the detection limit position depth of water, R1For fish finder 8 or
The underwater penetration of DIDSON survey meters；
Modeling carries out interpolation calculation using interpolation method, and before interpolation arithmetic, the fish in each scanning space are collected
Population density carries out natural logrithm conversion, and logarithmic transformation formula is as follows：
ρ '=ln (ρ+1)；
Flow Field Distribution feature based on two dimensional surface, the sky with fish cluster is obtained by way of hydraulic model calculating
Between the corresponding flow field spatial distribution model of distributed model.
As another preferred solution of the present invention, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 2, the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under the dam
Further include fish constellation effect conclusion verification step；
Fish constellation effect conclusion verification step：The scope of fish cluster suitability is defined between 0 to 1, if fish collect
The highest flow velocity section of population density is the flow rates of optimum fish cluster, and the fish cluster suitability at this is 1；According to fish
The spatial distribution model of type of cluster and the Flow Field Distribution feature of two dimensional surface, the fish cluster for calculating other flow velocity sections are suitable
Property, if the fish cluster suitability in other flow velocity sections, no more than 0.6, return drafts observation period and scope step again
Start to observe, untill the fish cluster suitability at least one in other flow velocity sections is more than 0.6.
The method of the present invention feasibility is strong, can effectively at observation under dam fish constellation effect, and observed result is reliable
Property it is high；The observation of fish constellation effect under dam is carried out to built hydroelectric project by using the method for the present invention, compares fish cluster
Spatial distribution and flow field spatial distribution, probe into fish population density and the relation of flow field characteristic, define fish in area different in flow rate
Between cluster adaptability, fish population density upper zone can be searched out, for similar projects fish pass structure attracting mouth position
Setting position there is highly important reference significance.
Claims (10)
1. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam, it is characterised in that including Underway measurements step；
Underway measurements step：Observation vessel (10) is set to advance with the course line road (7) of walking of zigzag on the lower reache of dam (2)
Observation.
2. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described walk course line road (7)
It is described tiltedly directly to part of path (6) and Yokogawa between part of path (5) including tiltedly directly to part of path (6) and Yokogawa to part of path (5)
Angle α be 25 °~45 °.
3. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include engineering investigation step
Suddenly observation period and scope step and instrument installation and debugging step, are drafted；
Draft observation period and scope step：The finding that step is investigated according to engineering drafts observation period and observation scope；
Instrument installation and debugging step：Before observation vessel (10) sets out, fish finder (8), DIDSON are set in the sidepiece of observation vessel (10)
Survey meter and ADCP survey meters (9), and GPS positioning navigator is set on observation vessel (10), the fish finder (8), ADCP are visited
The underwater penetration for surveying instrument (9) and DIDSON survey meters is 0.5~1m；
In Underway measurements step, using the fish of fish finder (8) detection vertical cross section, detected using DIDSON survey meters horizontal
The fish of section, utilize the flow velocity of ADCP survey meters (9) detection current.
4. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：In engineering investigation step,
Letdown flow, engineering flood discharge period, flood discharge flow and the dam under the conditions of hinge horizontal layout, each moon typical condition to power station
(2) underwater topography of lower reache is investigated, and investigates the water temperature during observation, temperature, run-off, the water on hinge dam
Position, the water level under hinge dam and power station operating condition.
5. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Draft observation period and model
Enclose in step, the observation period drafted is as follows：First Observation progress 24 is persistently observed when small, remaining observation selects morning 8
~10 points and/or afternoon 5~7 point are observed；The observation scope drafted is as follows：To make at the downstream base of dam line of dam (2)
Most upstream for the lower reache observed, the most downstream for the lower reache observed and the downstream base of dam line of dam (2) are apart
1000~2000m.
6. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Underway measurements step
In, the most downstream of observation vessel (10) from the lower reache observed is travelled to the most upstream for the lower reache observed, and is observed
The gait of march of ship (10) is less than 1.0m/s.
7. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The observation vessel (10) with
Manpower or driven by power move ahead.
8. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under the dam as described in claim 3,4,5,6 or 7, it is characterised in that：Further include
Data processing step；
Data processing step：The marine acoustics initial data measured to fish finder (8) and DIDSON survey meters pre-processes, to sound
The scanning space for learning wave beam carries out individual echo counting, the number for the fish detected；And angle is sampled according to beam spread
Degree calculates the water volume of scanning space, so as to calculate the fish aggregation density in scanning space, exports each scanning space
Position coordinates and the corresponding fish aggregation density of each scanning space, and be modeled according to output data, obtain fish cluster
Spatial distribution model；Meanwhile the flow rate of water flow data at the locus detected according to ADCP survey meters (9) are into row interpolation,
Obtain the Flow Field Distribution feature of two dimensional surface.
9. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：In data processing step,
Fish aggregation density ρ in scanning space is calculated by following two formula：
<mrow>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
In formula, N is the number for the fish detected, and V is the water volume of the scanning space of single cone shape, and P is to observe altogether
The quantity of scanning space, θ are effective detection angles of the horizontal direction of fish finder (8) or DIDSON survey meters,For fish finder
(8) or the longitudinal direction of DIDSON survey meters effective detection angles, R2For the detection limit position depth of water, R1For fish finder (8) or
The underwater penetration of DIDSON survey meters；
Modeling carries out interpolation calculation using interpolation method, before interpolation arithmetic, the fish cluster in each scanning space is close
Degree carries out natural logrithm conversion, and logarithmic transformation formula is as follows：
ρ '=ln (ρ+1)；
Flow Field Distribution feature based on two dimensional surface, is obtained and the space of fish cluster point by way of hydraulic model calculating
The corresponding flow field spatial distribution model of cloth model.
10. the observation procedure of fish constellation effect under dam as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Further include fish cluster
Effect conclusion verification step；
Fish constellation effect conclusion verification step：The scope of fish cluster suitability is defined between 0 to 1, if fish cluster is close
The flow rates that highest flow velocity section is optimum fish cluster are spent, the fish cluster suitability at this is 1；Collected according to fish
The spatial distribution model of group and the Flow Field Distribution feature of two dimensional surface, calculate the fish cluster suitability in other flow velocity sections, if
The fish cluster suitability in other flow velocity sections is no more than 0.6, then observation period is drafted in return and scope step restarts
Observation, until the fish cluster suitability at least one in other flow velocity sections is more than untill 0.6.
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