CN107895081A - The source tracing method of multiple instantaneous pollution sources - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of source tracing method of multiple instantaneous pollution sources, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：Step 1. gives observation station pollutant concentration observation Cj obj, Stream Water Quality Models relevant parameter, it is assumed that the initial value M of the instantaneous discharge of pollutant sources intensity of ii(0) (i=1,2,3 ... m1), sets target function required precision tol；Step 2. is by Mi(0) substitute into Stream Water Quality Models, obtain the gap J of calculated value and observation as object function；Step 3. reverse integral adjoint equation, calculate discharge intensity M of the object function on instantaneous pollution sourcesiGradient, the direction of search ▽ J and step-length α of the discharge intensity of instantaneous pollution sources are obtained using steepest descent method, optimizes the discharge intensity of instantaneous pollution sources；Each instantaneous discharge of pollutant sources intensity after optimization is substituted into Stream Water Quality Models equation and be calculated pollutant concentration Distribution value C at the measuring frequency section of downstream by step 4.j, calculating target function J, checks whether and meets required precision, otherwise return to step 2, continue cycling through until meeting required precision again.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental hydraulics, and particularly relates to a tracing method for a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources.
Technical Field
Chemical enterprises usually arrange a sewage discharge outlet on the bank of a river to discharge industrial wastewater into the river, the position of the sewage discharge outlet is determined, but the discharge intensity of a pollution source cannot be determined. The optimization of a sewage discharge outlet, the control and distribution of the total amount of pollutants and the like all need to determine the emission intensity of a pollution source, which is a problem commonly encountered in the water environment protection and water pollution management work. The determination of the emission intensity of an upstream pollution source according to the concentration distribution of downstream pollutants is a pollution source tracing problem, and is always one of the hot problems in the field of environmental hydraulics. For the research on the source tracing problem of the pollution source, koron proposes a source item for determining a one-dimensional water quality model by using a genetic algorithm, provides an FDM-SIM method for automatically identifying the one-dimensional pollution source of a river channel aiming at the non-constant water flow condition by Liuxiadong, and solves the pollution source control problem in the one-dimensional and two-dimensional convection-diffusion equations by using a pulse spectrum-optimization method, such as Jinzhongqing and Chengxing Qing.
The determination of the emission intensity of the pollution source needs to be solved by making the pollutant distribution data calculated by the water quality model and the measured pollutant distribution data as close as possible. In the existing research, different pollution source emission intensity combinations are supposed to be substituted into a river water quality model for calculation, the calculation result is compared with actual measurement data, if the coincidence degree of the calculation result and the actual measurement data is high, the pollution source emission intensity is close to the actual emission intensity, and if the coincidence degree of the calculation result and the actual measurement data is low, the pollution source emission intensity combinations are supposed to be compared again until a satisfactory result is obtained. This often needs to carry out a large amount of tedious and tedious trial works to confirm a plurality of pollution source emission intensity, not only is time consuming and laboursome, and increased the work degree of difficulty under the condition that the pollution source number is more, sometimes even can not find the correct pollution source emission combination.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for tracing a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources, which can determine emission intensity of the plurality of instantaneous pollution sources quickly and accurately. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the invention provides a tracing method of a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, giving an observed value C of pollutant concentration at an observed point j obj The vertical discrete coefficient E and the water flow velocity u of the related parameters of the river water quality model assume the initial value M of the discharge intensity of i instantaneous pollution sources i (0)(i＝1,2,3,…m 1 ) Setting a target function precision requirement tol;
step 2, the initial value M of the emission intensity of the i instantaneous pollution sources in the step 1 is calculated i (0) Substituting the difference J into a river water quality model to obtain a difference J between a calculated value and an observed value as a target function;
step 3, inverse integral adjoint equation is used for calculating the emission intensity M of the target function relative to the instantaneous pollution source i Obtaining the searching direction ^ J and the step length alpha of the emission intensity of the instantaneous pollution source by adopting a steepest descent method according to the gradient, and optimizing the emission intensity of the instantaneous pollution source;
step 4, substituting the optimized discharge intensity of each instantaneous pollution source into a river water quality model equation to calculate to obtain the pollutant concentration value distribution C at the downstream observation section j And (4) calculating the target function J again, checking whether the precision requirement is met, otherwise returning to the step 2, and continuing to circulate until the precision requirement is met.
The tracing method for a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 2, M is added i (0) Model substituting river water qualityCalculating to obtain a pollutant concentration value C of a downstream observation section j Where E is the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (m) 2 The flow velocity (m/s) of water flow, t is time(s) and m1 is the number of pollution sources; constructing an objective function:the calculated pollutant concentration value C j And actually observing the pollutant concentration value C j obj Substituting to obtain the distance between the two, m 2 Is the number of observed data.
The tracing method for a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 3, a lagrangian function is constructed:
in the formula of j In order to be a lagrange operator,
order toObtain the adjoint equation
Order toObtaining the gradient of the target function relative to each instantaneous source emission intensity, and solving the adjoint equation in reverse to obtain the gradient of the target function relative to each instantaneous source emission intensity:
direction of negative gradient of objective function with respect to emission intensity of each instantaneous sourceAs the direction of adjustment of the emission intensity of each instantaneous source, then the optimal step size alpha of descent is determined,
optimizing the emission intensity of each instantaneous pollution source:
the tracing method for a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 3, the method for determining the descending step length α is: selecting a step length alpha a As initial step size, from the initial point M of the emission intensity of the i instantaneous pollution sources i Starting to seek forward with an initial step sizeSubstituting the value into a river water quality model to obtain a target function value; if the objective function value is rising, the step direction is changed, if the objective function value is falling, the original direction is maintained, the step is doubled until the objective function value begins to rise and the step alpha at the moment is recorded b Then determining the optimal step size alpha at alpha a And alpha b Between ranges, let the objective function be J (x), then:
(1) An initial interval [ a1, b1 ] is given]Accuracy requirement tol alpha>0，T＝0.618，k＝1,a1＝α a ，b1＝α b ；
(2) Let c1= a1+ (1-T) (b 1-a 1), d1= b1- (1-T) (b 1-a 1), calculate Jc = J (c 1), jd = J (d 1);
(3) If b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ≥ tol alpha, turning to the step (4), otherwise, stopping searching, wherein the optimal step length alpha is [ b (k + 1) + a (k + 1) ]/2;
(4) If Jc is less than Jd, go to step (5); otherwise, turning to the step (6);
(5) If Jc < Jd is satisfied: a (k + 1) = a (k), b (k + 1) = d (k); d (k + 1) = c (k), jd = Jc; let c (k + 1) = a (k + 1) + (1-T) [ b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ]; calculating Jc = J (c (k + 1)), and going to step (7);
(6) If Jc < Jd is not satisfied: a (k + 1) = c (k), c (k + 1) = d (k); b (k + 1) = b (k), jc = Jd; let d (k + 1) = b (k + 1) - (1-T) [ b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ]; calculating Jd = J (d (k + 1)), and going to step (7);
(7) K = k +1; returning to the step (3);
this results in an optimal step size α = [ a (k + 1) + b (k + 1) ]/2.
Action and Effect of the invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tracing method of a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources, which enables the distance (target function) between a model calculated value and an actually measured value to be minimum to invert the emission intensity of the plurality of instantaneous pollution sources, converts the tracing problem taking a model equation as a constraint condition into an unconstrained optimization problem of the emission intensity of the plurality of instantaneous pollution sources by utilizing a Lagrange operator method, solves an adjoint equation to obtain the gradient of the target function about the emission intensity of the plurality of instantaneous pollution sources, and enables the emission intensity of each instantaneous pollution source to gradually approach the real emission intensity of the pollution source along the reverse direction of the gradient. The method has clear mathematical and physical significance for finding the optimal pollutant emission intensity combination from the water quality model equation, can quickly and accurately determine the emission intensity of a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources, reduces the trial calculation times and the spent time, and improves the accuracy and the stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a tracing method of multiple instantaneous pollution sources according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of adjusting an optimal step size according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 (a) to (d) are respectively test result diagrams of tracing of four instantaneous pollution sources in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of the tracing method of multiple instantaneous pollution sources according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< example >
The method provided by the embodiment can realize the flow by using the computer software technology. Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment designs 4 different working conditions, each working condition starts from a different initial value of the emission intensity of the pollution source, and a specific explanation is made on the process of the present invention by taking the tracing of 4 instantaneous pollution sources as an example, as follows:
step 1. HarvestingActual observation data C integrating observation of cross-section pollutant concentration distribution j obj (j＝1,2,3…m 2 ) Position x of the pollution source i Determining the vertical discrete coefficient E and the water flow velocity u of the relevant parameters of the river water quality model, and assuming the initial value M of the discharge intensity of each instantaneous pollution source i (0) (i =1,2,3,4), the accuracy requirement tol is set.
Step 2, setting the initial value M of the emission intensity of each instantaneous pollution source in the step 1 i (0) Substituting the difference into a river water quality model to obtain a difference J (an objective function) between a calculated value and an observed value, and realizing the following method,
will M i (0) Model substituting river water qualityCalculating to obtain a pollutant concentration value C of a downstream observation section j (j＝1,2,3…m 2 ) Where E is the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (m) 2 S) and u is the flow velocity (m/s) of the water flow, t is the time(s), m 1 The number of pollution sources. Constructing an objective function:the pollutant concentration value C is obtained by calculation j And actually observing the pollutant concentration value C j obj Substituting the values at the same time point to obtain the distance between the two, m 2 Is the number of observed data.
Step 3, a backward integral adjoint equation can be used for calculating the gradient of the target function about the discharge intensity of each instantaneous pollution source, and the descending direction J and the step length alpha of the discharge intensity of the pollution source are obtained by adopting a steepest descent method according to the gradient, so that the discharge intensity of the pollution source is optimized; the implementation mode is as follows,
constructing lagrange's function
Wherein λ is j Lagrange operator.
Order toThe adjoint equation can be obtained
Order toThe gradient of the target function relative to the emission intensity of each instantaneous source can be obtained, and the gradient of the target function relative to the emission intensity of each instantaneous source can be obtained by solving the adjoint equation reversely
Negative gradient direction of target function with respect to each instantaneous source discharge intensityAs the direction of adjustment of the emission intensity of each instantaneous source, and then the optimal descent step size a is determined, the implementation is as follows,
selecting a step length alpha a As initial step size, from M i Starting to try forward with an initial step sizeAnd substituting the obtained value into a model to obtain an objective function value, changing the direction of the step length if the value of the objective function rises, maintaining the original direction if the value of the objective function falls, doubling the step length until the value of the objective function begins to rise and recording the step length alpha at the moment b (ii) a Then the optimal step size alpha is determined to be alpha a And alpha b Between the ranges. An optimal step size alpha is then determined. Assuming that the objective function is J (x), the process of determining the optimal step size α as shown in fig. 2 is:
(1) Given an initial interval [ a1, b1 ]]Accuracy requirement tol alpha>0，T＝0.618，k＝1,a1＝α a ，b1＝α b 。
(2) Let c1= a1+ (1-T) (b 1-a 1), d1= b1- (1-T) (b 1-a 1), calculate Jc = J (c 1), jd = J (d 1).
(3) And (4) if b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ≧ tol alpha, turning to the step (4), otherwise, stopping searching, wherein the optimal step length is [ b (k + 1) + a (k + 1) ]/2.
(4) If Jc is less than Jd, go to step (5); otherwise go to step (6).
(5) If Jc < Jd is satisfied: a (k + 1) = a (k), b (k + 1) = d (k); d (k + 1) = c (k), jd = Jc; let c (k + 1) = a (k + 1) + (1-T) [ b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ]; calculate Jc = J (c (k + 1)), go to step (7).
(6) If Jc < Jd is not satisfied: a (k + 1) = c (k), c (k + 1) = d (k); b (k + 1) = b (k), jc = Jd; let d (k + 1) = b (k + 1) - (1-T) [ b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ]; jd = J (d (k + 1)) is calculated, and the process goes to step (7).
(7) K = k +1; and (4) returning to the step (3).
From this, the optimum step size α = [ a (k + 1) + b (k + 1) ]can be obtained]And/2, optimizing the emission intensity of each instantaneous pollution source:
step 4, optimizing M i (n + 1) is substituted into the model equation to calculate and obtain the pollutant concentration value distribution C at the observation section j And (4) calculating the target function J again, checking whether the precision requirement is met, otherwise returning to the step 2, and continuing to circulate until the precision requirement is met.
4 different working conditions are designed in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, and each working condition starts from different initial values of emission intensity of pollution sources and is subjected to an iterative process of 20-25 times 1 、M 2 、M 3 、M 4 And finally, the method can be quickly converged to the real emission intensity of the pollution source, which shows that the method has the characteristics of quickness and good adaptability to the initial value.
Example procedures refer to the data as shown in table 1 and table 2 below:
TABLE 1
| x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | tol | α a | tolα | dt |
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.0001 | 0.5 |
| u | E | ||||||
| 0.5 | 0.005 |
TABLE 2
The actual observed values of the specific contaminant concentrations vary under different conditions, and those skilled in the art can input the actual conditions into the model. The target function precision tol and the 0.618 method precision tol alpha are respectively related to finally determined emission intensity precision and optimal step precision of each pollution source, and a person skilled in the art can set the numerical values according to specific conditions. Through testing, the method has good robustness for different initial value combinations of the emission intensity of the pollution sources, and a person skilled in the art can set any initial value for the emission intensity of each pollution source to trace the source.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The tracing method of multiple instant pollution sources according to the present invention is not limited to the content described in the above embodiments, but is subject to the scope defined by the claims. Any modification or supplement or equivalent replacement made by a person skilled in the art on the basis of this embodiment is within the scope of the invention as claimed in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A tracing method for a plurality of instantaneous pollution sources is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, setting an observed value C of pollutant concentration at an observation point j obj The vertical discrete coefficient E and the water flow velocity u of the related parameters of the river water quality model assume the initial value M of the discharge intensity of i instantaneous pollution sources i (0)(i＝1,2,3,…m 1 ) Setting a target function precision requirement tol;
step 2, the initial value M of the emission intensity of the i instantaneous pollution sources in the step 1 is obtained i (0) Substituting the difference J into a river water quality model to obtain a difference J between a calculated value and an observed value as a target function;
step 3, inverse integral adjoint equation is used for calculating the emission intensity M of the target function relative to the instantaneous pollution source i Obtaining the searching direction ^ J and the step length alpha of the emission intensity of the instantaneous pollution source by adopting a steepest descent method according to the gradient, and optimizing the emission intensity of the instantaneous pollution source;
step 4, substituting the optimized discharge intensity of each instantaneous pollution source into a river water quality model equation to calculate to obtain the pollutant concentration value distribution C at the downstream observation section j And (4) calculating the target function J again, checking whether the precision requirement is met, otherwise, returning to the step 2, and continuing to circulate until the precision requirement is met.
2. The method of tracing a plurality of transient pollution sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step 2, M is i (0) Model substituting river water qualityCalculating to obtain a pollutant concentration value C of a downstream observation section j T is time, and m1 is the number of pollution sources; constructing an objective function：The calculated pollutant concentration value C j And actually observing the pollutant concentration value C j obj Substituting to obtain the distance between the two, m 2 Is the number of observed data.
3. The method of tracing a plurality of transient pollution sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step 3, a Lagrangian function is constructed:
in the formula of lambda j In order to be a lagrange operator, the lagrange operator,
order toObtain the adjoint equation
Order toObtaining the gradient of the target function relative to each instantaneous source emission intensity, and solving the adjoint equation reversely to obtain the gradient of the target function relative to each instantaneous source emission intensity:
direction of negative gradient of objective function with respect to emission intensity of each instantaneous sourceAs the direction of adjustment of the emission intensity of each instantaneous source, then the optimal step size alpha of descent is determined,
optimizing the emission intensity of each instantaneous pollution source:
4. the method of tracing a plurality of transient pollution sources as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
in step 3, the method for determining the descending step length α is as follows: selecting a step length alpha a As initial step size, from the initial point M of the emission intensity of the i instantaneous pollution sources i Starting to seek forward with an initial step sizeSubstituting the value into a river water quality model to obtain a target function value; if the objective function value is rising, the step direction is changed, if the objective function value is falling, the original direction is maintained, the step is doubled until the objective function value begins to rise and the step alpha at the moment is recorded b Then determining the optimal step size alpha at alpha a And alpha b Between ranges, let the objective function be J (x), then:
(1) An initial interval [ a1, b1 ] is given]Accuracy requirement tol alpha>0，T＝0.618，k＝1,a1＝α a ，b1＝α b ；
(2) Let c1= a1+ (1-T) (b 1-a 1), d1= b1- (1-T) (b 1-a 1), calculate Jc = J (c 1), jd = J (d 1);
(3) If b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ≥ tol alpha, turning to step (4), otherwise, stopping searching, wherein the optimal step length alpha is [ b (k + 1) + a (k + 1) ]/2;
(4) If Jc < Jd, go to step (5); otherwise, turning to the step (6);
(5) If Jc < Jd is satisfied: a (k + 1) = a (k), b (k + 1) = d (k); d (k + 1) = c (k), jd = Jc; let c (k + 1) = a (k + 1) + (1-T) [ b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ]; calculating Jc = J (c (k + 1)), proceeding to step (7);
(6) If Jc < Jd condition is not satisfied: a (k + 1) = c (k), c (k + 1) = d (k); b (k + 1) = b (k), jc = Jd; let d (k + 1) = b (k + 1) - (1-T) [ b (k + 1) -a (k + 1) ]; calculating Jd = J (d (k + 1)), and going to step (7);
(7) K = k +1; returning to the step (3);
this results in an optimal step size α = [ a (k + 1) + b (k + 1) ]/2.
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| CN110595954A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-20 | 四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司 | Automatic tracing method for field groundwater pollutants |
| CN110595954B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-06-09 | 四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司 | Automatic tracing method for field groundwater pollutants |
| CN111855915A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Atmospheric pollutant tracing method |
| CN111855915B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Atmospheric pollutant tracing method |
| CN114139415A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-04 | 武汉大学 | Method for inversion and parameter determination of pollutant release process of data-deficient river |
| CN114943194A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-26 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | River pollution tracing method based on geostatistics |
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