CN107884817A - A kind of piezoelectric seismometer - Google Patents
A kind of piezoelectric seismometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107884817A CN107884817A CN201711331443.9A CN201711331443A CN107884817A CN 107884817 A CN107884817 A CN 107884817A CN 201711331443 A CN201711331443 A CN 201711331443A CN 107884817 A CN107884817 A CN 107884817A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of piezoelectric seismometer, include simply supported beam substrate made of housing and elastomeric material, both ends on the length direction of simply supported beam substrate are rigidly attached on housing respectively to be horizontally disposed with, intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is provided with the half length of simply supported beam substrate, intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is electrically connected with output lead to export the detection signal of piezoelectric seismometer.The piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, there is high sensitivity, strong antijamming capability, wide dynamic range, Portable durable, in underground, the application of the field such as land seismic exploration, underground seam seismic exploration is more reliable and extensive, relative to the cantilever beam structure of single-ended fixation, by the way of the both-end of simply supported beam substrate is fixed, can be under conditions of equal length beam substrate, the frequency range of detection is more extensive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of seismic exploration, more specifically to a kind of piezoelectric seismometer.
Background technology
Geophone be the direct wave of artificial explosive source or the reflected wave conversion on each stratum into electric signal, it is then defeated
Enter a kind of sensor special for being applied to geological prospecting and engineering measurement field to seismic instrument.It can be divided into by operation principle
The wave detectors such as magneto-electric, eddy current type and piezoelectric type.It can be divided into land seismic exploration wave detector, applied to rivers by application environment
The hydrophone of the marine exploration in lake, applied to the borehole seismometer in well-shooting.By energy conversion mechanism point
For two kinds of velocity profile wave detector and acceleration type wave detector.Compressional wave wave detector can be divided into from exploitation method and be also referred to as vertical detection
Device, and transversal wave detector are also referred to as horizontal pickup and three-component geophone.In addition, geophone can also be divided into active detection
Device and passive seismometer.Traditional mechanical moving-coil type and eddy acceleration geophone belong to passive class wave detector, and piezoelectric seismometer category
In active class wave detector.
At present, the widest or traditional simulation geophone of domestic application, this seismic wave sensing device output
Be analog signal, land is mainly using conventional or super velocity profile wave detector.This kind of wave detector is essentially all magnetoelectricity
Formula wave detector, eddy current type geophone, their internal structure are made up of permanent magnet and coil, are essentially all using electricity
Magnetic induction principle, by the interaction of coil and permanent magnet so as to reaching the purpose of seismic prospecting.Inside these wave detectors
There is high flexibility structure as coil, larger relative motion easily occurs between each part and produces deformation, so waveform is easy
Produce deformation, in turn result in distorted signals, and due to the performance of permanent magnet can change and magnetic can over time and
Disappear, its life-span is not long and is vulnerable to the influence of environment, and stability is low, high-precision and high-resolution so as to meet
Seismic prospecting requirement.Process is gathered as first step seismic signal, this detector device can not obtain preferable original earthquake
Signal, the quality of collection geological data is directly influenced, has limited and complicated geological structure is obtained using method of seismic prospecting
Ability, turn into one of main bottleneck for restricting the development of petroleum exploration technology.Raising and oil with high-precision oil-gas exploration technology
The increase of gas exploration complexity, geophone develop towards low distortion, high sensitivity, wide band direction, dynamic
Scope is big, frequency response is wide, equivalent input noise is small, small volume, in light weight and anti-electromagnetic interference capability are strong, meets high-resolution
Collection requires, is the trend of current seismic wave detector development.Various new wave detectors using different new technologies, new material start
Occur.
Piezoelectric acceleration geophone is exactly the new wave detector occurred in recent years, and its internal structure is simple, nonmagnetic steel
And coil, so rigidity is big, deformation is small, and caused wave distortion is small, stable performance, high resolution, be a sensitivity compared with
High high fidelity geophone.Yuan's guarantor's ancient cooking vessel et al. have developed inertial piezoelectric Amphibious wave detector in 1993, and (China is specially
Profit is 93232320.0)；Du Ke is equal to have developed land piezoelectric ceramic seismic detector (Chinese patent 00226749.7)；Liu Zhaoqi
YD20OO types land piezoelectricity seismic acceleration wave detector (Chinese patent 200420042025.X) is have developed, all employs traditional lead
Sour zirconium and zirconia titanate [PbZrO3-PbTiO3] (abbreviation PZT), the intrinsic frequency of piezoelectric seismometer is higher, and high frequency response is preferable, but
Be due to by its traditional piezoelectric elements piezoelectric constant it is low, the influence for the shortcomings of impedance is high, so its dynamic range is small, impedance
Height, LF-response are low.Research shows new relaxor ferroelectric crystal PMN-PT [xPb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(1-x)
PbTiO3] (abbreviation PMNT) main piezoelectric property index all significantly larger than PZT piezoelectric ceramics for being commonly used.Relaxation iron
Electric monocrystal material has higher piezoelectric constant g33、d33, electromechanical coupling factor k33, permittivity ε33 TWith relatively low electrical loss,
Its combination property is more superior than PZT ceramics.Sensing element using relaxation Ferroelectric monocrystal material as piezoelectric type geophone
Part, matching detector core body structure is designed, to give full play to the performance advantage of monocrystal material, will be expected to substantially improve it
Sensitivity.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, to overcome sensitivity existing for existing piezoelectric seismometer inadequate, low
The deficiency of frequency difference in response, there is provided a kind of piezoelectric seismometer, using freely-supported girder structure detector core body, with the confined space
The sensitivity of interior increase wave detector, improves its LF-response performance.
According to the present invention wherein on the one hand, the present invention for solve its technical problem, there is provided piezoelectric seismometer, bag
Containing simply supported beam substrate made of housing and elastomeric material, the both ends on the length direction of simply supported beam substrate are rigidly attached to shell respectively
It is horizontally disposed with body, intermediate ends piezoelectric patches, intermediate ends piezoelectric patches electricity is provided with the half length of simply supported beam substrate
Property connection output lead to export the detection signal of piezoelectric seismometer.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, simply supported beam substrate is made up of beryllium-bronze or phosphor bronze.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, the crystal orientation of intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is<001>Direction, its pole
Change direction of an electric field parallel to its thickness direction, residing transducing pattern is d33 transducing patterns.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, also it is arranged at the centre with mass, the mass
On that face for holding the remote simply supported beam substrate of piezoelectric patches.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, at the both ends in simply supported beam base length direction or wherein
End is also respectively provided with the first side piezoelectric patches and/or the second side piezoelectric patches；
Voltage Series or the current parallel output that intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and each side piezoelectric patches are carried out together.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, the crystal orientation of each side piezoelectric patches is<110>Direction, its pole
Change direction of an electric field parallel to its thickness direction, residing transducing pattern is d31 transducing patterns；The crystal orientation of intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is<
001>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, and residing transducing pattern is d33 transducing patterns.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, each end piezoelectric patches that the piezoelectricity seismic detection is included
Comprising piezoelectric patches be single layer structure, be made of piezoelectric monocrystal PMN-PT；Or
Multi-disc piezoelectric monocrystal is respectively adopted in each end piezoelectric patches that the piezoelectricity seismic detection is included in whole or in part
Structure, each each piezoelectric monocrystal for holding piezoelectric patches each to be included are attached by the arrangement of Crystal polarization direction respectively, each piezoelectricity list
Crystalline substance is made of piezoelectric monocrystal PMN-PT.
Preferably, the present invention piezoelectric seismometer in, have multi-disc piezoelectric monocrystal intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and
Each side piezoelectric patches is realized using stacked piezoelectric patches.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, the upper table of intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and each side piezoelectric patches
There is upper surface electrode, lower surface electrode respectively, each upper surface electrode and each lower surface electrode are drawn defeated respectively on face, lower surface
Go out wire；
The upper surface electrode of intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and each side piezoelectric patches piezoelectric patches, the electrode material of lower surface electrode are
Silver or gold；The output lead drawn on each upper surface electrode, each lower surface electrode is copper cash.
The piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention, there is high sensitivity, strong antijamming capability, wide dynamic range, Portable durable
The advantages that, the application of the field such as seismic prospecting, underground seam seismic exploration is more reliable and extensive by land.Relative to single-ended fixation
Cantilever beam structure, using by the both-end of simply supported beam substrate fix by the way of, can under conditions of equal length beam substrate, examine
The frequency range of survey is more extensive.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the preferred embodiment of piezoelectric seismometer one provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is that new PMN-PT piezoelectrics are bent compared with sensitivity-frequency relation of PZT material under simple beam structure in Fig. 1
Line chart；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another embodiment of piezoelectric seismometer provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of piezoelectric seismometer another embodiment provided by the invention.
Embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic, purpose and the effect of the present invention is more clearly understood, now compares accompanying drawing and describe in detail
The embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, its structural representation for the preferred embodiment of piezoelectric seismometer one of the present invention.The piezoelectricity
Shake wave detector, including simply supported beam substrate 2, piezoelectric patches 3 and mass 4.Simply supported beam substrate 2 uses flexible member, flexible member pair
Vibrations are more sensitive, can increase the sensitivity of piezoelectric seismometer, can be preferably that beryllium-bronze or phosphor bronze are made.Piezoelectricity
The lower surface of piece 3 is pasted on the upper end of simply supported beam substrate 2 and at the half length of simply supported beam substrate, piezoelectricity seismic detection
Utensil has a pedestal 1 being arranged on housing, and the ends A end, B ends on the length direction of simply supported beam substrate 2 are rigidly connected in respectively
With the housing that is rigidly connected on pedestal 1, into horizontally disposed.The both ends of simply supported beam substrate 2 can be straight in another embodiment of the invention
Connect and be rigidly attached on housing.It is fixed with the upper surface of piezoelectric patches 3 using mass 4 made of the alloys such as steel or tungsten, mass 4
Piezoelectric patches 3 can be made to produce bigger strain.It is different matter by setting mass 4 for different piezoelectric seismometers
Measure to design the sensitivity of wave detector and resonant frequency；The bottom surface of mass 4 is identical with the upper surface size shape of piezoelectric patches 3, and two
Person is without the connection staggered；Power is converted to electric signal by piezoelectric patches 3, and upper surface is respectively provided with the upper surface of piezoelectric patches 3, lower surface
Electrode and lower surface electrode, output lead are drawn respectively on each upper surface electrode and lower surface electrode, what is formed on piezoelectric patches 3 is defeated
Go out to be formed alone detection signal of the earthquake electric signal as piezoelectric seismometer.
Upper surface electrode and the electrode material of lower surface electrode can use silver, copper or gold.Piezoelectric patches 3 is square shape list
Rotating fields, size 10mm*10mm*1mm are made of piezoelectric monocrystal (PMN-PT), and the crystal orientation of piezoelectric patches 3 is<001>Direction,
Its polarized electric field is oriented parallel to its thickness direction, and residing transducing pattern is d33 transducing patterns.
Fig. 2 is shown under simple beam structure, is computed, and the model that piezoelectric is PMN-PT is in frequency in 0-1000Hz models
Enclose the model sensitivity that interior piezoelectric is PMN-PT and be integrally higher than the model that piezoelectric is PZT-5A.Piezoelectric is PMN-
Sensitivity of the PT bimorph combination freely-supported beam model in the range of 0-1000Hz is 13.5-63.6mV/ms-2, it is not only high
In the sensitivity of PZT-5A bimorphs combination freely-supported beam model, simultaneously above the centre mounted compression constitution that piezoelectric is PMN-PT
Model and single piezoelectric patches freely-supported beam model.Because bimorph combined type simple beam structure make use of piezoelectric at the same time
D31And d33Two kinds of transducing patterns.This shows that earthquake can be substantially improved using PMN-PT as the sensitive material of geophone
The sensitivity of wave detector.
With reference to figure 3, it is the structural representation of another embodiment of piezoelectric seismometer of the present invention.The piezoelectricity earthquake is examined
Ripple device, including simply supported beam substrate 2, piezoelectric patches 3, piezoelectric patches 5, piezoelectric patches 6 and mass 4.The present invention with above-described embodiment
Piezoelectric patches 5 and the part of piezoelectric patches 6 are different only in that, piezoelectric patches 5 and piezoelectric patches 6 are respectively arranged at simply supported beam base length direction
Ends A end and B ends, piezoelectric patches 5 and the upper and lower surface of piezoelectric patches 6 are also plated with electrode respectively, distinguish extraction wire on each electrode.Pressure
The crystal orientation of electric piece 5 and 6 is<110>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, and residing transducing pattern is d31
Transducing pattern；The crystal orientation of piezoelectric patches 3 is<001>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, residing transducing mould
Formula is d33 transducing patterns.In the present embodiment, piezoelectric patches 3, piezoelectric patches 5, piezoelectric patches 6 form one group of output, three groups of output letters respectively
Number superposition after as final output, the form of superposition can be three current parallels or three Voltage Series.
With reference to figure 4, it is the structural representation of piezoelectric seismometer another embodiment provided by the invention.The present embodiment
Difference with a upper embodiment is that above-mentioned each piezoelectric patches is realized by the upper end piezoelectric patches with multi-disc piezoelectric monocrystal respectively
(piezoelectric patches for being located at simply supported beam substrate upper end), it is each to hold each piezoelectric monocrystal that piezoelectric patches is each included respectively by Crystal polarization side
It is attached to arrangement, each piezoelectric monocrystal is made of piezoelectric monocrystal PMN-PT, and each upper end piezoelectric patches uses in the present embodiment
Stacked piezoelectric patches realizes, in figure the upper end piezoelectric patches on the left side have piezoelectric patches 5,9 (the two forms a stacked piezoelectric patches,
Similarly hereinafter), in figure among upper end piezoelectric patches there is piezoelectric patches 3,8, the upper end piezoelectric patches on the right has piezoelectric patches 6,7 in figure.It is folded
Piece piezoelectric patches 5,9 and 6,7 crystal orientation are<110>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, the piezoelectric patches institute
The transducing pattern at place is d31 transducing patterns；The crystal orientation of piezoelectric patches 3 and 8 is<001>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to it
Thickness direction, the transducing pattern residing for the piezoelectric patches are d33 transducing patterns.The upper and lower surface of piezoelectric patches 3,5,6,7,8,9 is all plated
There is electrode, and in the upper surface extraction wire of piezoelectric patches 3,5 and 6, the lower surface extraction wire of piezoelectric patches 7,8 and 9.Wherein piezoelectricity
One group of output is formed after the output superposition of piece 6 and 7, one group of output, piezoelectric patches 5 and 9 are formed after the output superposition of piezoelectric patches 3 and 8
Output superposition after form one group of output, three groups of output currents are in parallel or Voltage Series after export, formed after three groups of Signal averagings
Final output signal.
It should be appreciated that two side ends piezoelectric patches only can partly use stacked piezoelectric patches in embodiment shown in Fig. 4.
In another implementation of the present invention, it be able to can also increase more only with a side piezoelectric patches at intermediate ends piezoelectric patches both ends
Side piezoelectric patches (be more than 3 groups), as long as signal is overlapped.
The operation principle of the present invention；After piezoelectricity simply supported beam core body is shaken by the earth, piezoelectricity simply supported beam can be with the earth
Vibrate occurrence frequency and the vibration of amplitude identical, due to the effect of mass, piezoelectric can be by for the intermediate ends of piezoelectricity simply supported beam
Power deforms upon, and due to the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric, when piezoelectric produces deformation, can convert mechanical energy into electricity
Can, then gather two piezoelectric patches power on signal, it is possible to obtain earthquake electric signal.It should be appreciated that above-mentioned Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and
In embodiment illustrated in fig. 4, can also not have above-mentioned mass, core body equally being capable of normal work；First side electricity
Where tabletting and the second side voltage piece will not necessarily be arranged at simply supported beam substrate at the left and right end points at end, the first side voltage
Piece and the second side voltage piece are no more than simply supported beam base length apart from the distance of the end points at end where respective simply supported beam substrate
1/3rd can preferable wave detector design requirement.
Core of the present invention is simple, light weight, small volume, using the structure of single or more piezoelectric patches simply supported beams, can fit
For in low-frequency vibration environment, while there is sensitivity with the elevated feature of frequency, because seismic signal is in the process of propagation
In it is lossy, the higher seismic wave of frequency amplitude in communication process is decayed bigger, can compensate earthquake to a certain extent
Wave amplitude increases caused decay with frequency.
Detector core body structure provided by the invention, vibrated using the vibratory drive simple beam structure of local environment, so that
Piezoelectric patches produces Bending Deformation, makes to produce effective electromotive force between the Different electrodes of piezoelectric patches, so as to make piezoelectricity more effective
Export energy.
Detector core body structure provided by the invention, has given full play to piezoelectric monocrystal (PMN-PT) anisotropic properties,
Take full advantage of the d of piezoelectric31And d33Two kinds of transducing patterns.The electrode of piezoelectric patches is arranged to upper and lower surface electrode, polarized
Direction and the direction (thickness direction) that is squeezed are consistent.Poisson effect during using piezoelectric patches from bending, is more effectively played
The performance of piezoelectric patches, improve the energy delivery efficiency of piezoelectric patches.
Generally speaking, based on the present invention provide core geophone have high sensitivity, strong antijamming capability,
The advantages that wide dynamic range, Portable durable, in underground the field such as seam seismic exploration, land seismic exploration application it is more reliable and
Extensively.
Embodiments of the invention are described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restricted, one of ordinary skill in the art
Under the enlightenment of the present invention, in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, it can also make a lot
Form, these are belonged within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of piezoelectric seismometer, it is characterised in that include simply supported beam substrate, simply supported beam made of housing and elastomeric material
Both ends on the length direction of substrate are rigidly attached on housing respectively to be horizontally disposed with, the half length of simply supported beam substrate
Intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is provided with degree, intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is electrically connected with output lead to export the detection of piezoelectric seismometer
Signal.
2. piezoelectric seismometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the simply supported beam substrate be beryllium-bronze or
Phosphor bronze is made.
3. piezoelectric seismometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the crystal orientation of the intermediate ends piezoelectric patches is<001
>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, and residing transducing pattern is d33 transducing patterns.
4. piezoelectric seismometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be also arranged at mass, the mass
On that face of the remote simply supported beam substrate of the intermediate ends piezoelectric patches.
5. piezoelectric seismometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at the both ends in simply supported beam base length direction
Or wherein end is also respectively provided with the first side piezoelectric patches and/or the second side piezoelectric patches；
Voltage Series or the current parallel output that intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and each side piezoelectric patches are carried out together.
6. piezoelectric seismometer according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the crystal orientation of each side piezoelectric patches is<110>
Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, and residing transducing pattern is d31 transducing patterns；Intermediate ends piezoelectric patches
Crystal orientation be<001>Direction, its polarized electric field are oriented parallel to its thickness direction, and residing transducing pattern is d33 transducing patterns.
7. according to the piezoelectric seismometer described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that the piezoelectricity seismic detection institute
Comprising the piezoelectric patches that is included of each end piezoelectric patches be single layer structure, be made of piezoelectric monocrystal PMN-PT；Or the pressure
The structure of multi-disc piezoelectric monocrystal is respectively adopted in each end piezoelectric patches that electric seismic detection is included in whole or in part, respectively holds piezoelectric patches
Each piezoelectric monocrystal each included is attached by the arrangement of Crystal polarization direction respectively, and each piezoelectric monocrystal uses piezoelectric monocrystal
PMN-PT is made.
8. piezoelectric seismometer according to claim 7, it is characterised in that there is the middle side pressure of multi-disc piezoelectric monocrystal
Electric piece and each side piezoelectric patches are realized using stacked piezoelectric patches.
9. according to any one of the claim 1-6 piezoelectric seismometers, it is characterised in that intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and each side
Hold the upper surface of piezoelectric patches, there is upper surface electrode, lower surface electrode, each upper surface electrode and each lower surface respectively on lower surface
Electrode draws output lead respectively；
The upper surface electrode of intermediate ends piezoelectric patches and each side piezoelectric patches piezoelectric patches, lower surface electrode electrode material for silver or
Gold；The output lead drawn on each upper surface electrode, each lower surface electrode is copper cash.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711331443.9A CN107884817B (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Piezoelectric geophone |
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| CN201711331443.9A CN107884817B (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Piezoelectric geophone |
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| CN107884817B CN107884817B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113836691A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Design and optimization method for simply supported beam piezoelectric transducer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113836691A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Design and optimization method for simply supported beam piezoelectric transducer |
| CN113836691B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-11-03 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Design and optimization method for simply supported beam piezoelectric transducer |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107884817B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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