CN107876941B - Submerged arc welding method for steel plate - Google Patents
Submerged arc welding method for steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN107876941B CN107876941B CN201610865822.5A CN201610865822A CN107876941B CN 107876941 B CN107876941 B CN 107876941B CN 201610865822 A CN201610865822 A CN 201610865822A CN 107876941 B CN107876941 B CN 107876941B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel plate submerged-arc welding method, which comprises a welding groove forming step, wherein a front V-shaped groove is formed on the front surface of a steel plate with the thickness of not less than 20mm, the opening of the front V-shaped groove is upward, the root gap of the front V-shaped groove is 0-2mm, and the length of a truncated edge is 3-8 mm; a front welding step, wherein welding technological parameters of front welding are set as welding current 600-; and a first back weld bead welding step, wherein the welding process parameters of the first back weld bead are set to be welding current 720-780A, welding voltage 30-33V, welding speed 40-50cm/min and welding wire extension length 25-30cm, and back submerged arc welding is carried out according to the set welding process parameters. The method of the invention improves the welding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding of marine equipment, in particular to a steel plate submerged arc welding method used in the construction process of marine equipment.
Background
At present, the marine engineering is gradually enlarged to adapt to the severe marine working environment, so that the steel plates with ultrahigh strength, large thickness and medium thickness are generally required to build the large-scale marine engineering so as to meet the requirements of the strength, rigidity, stability and impact performance of the large-scale marine engineering.
In order to enable the impact performance of a welding joint to meet the standard requirement under the condition of-60 ℃, the existing submerged-arc welding process used in the construction process of marine equipment generally comprises the steps of firstly performing backing welding, performing rapid welding by adopting small current for the backing welding, secondly performing front welding, and thirdly performing back welding, but firstly performing back gouging and polishing during the back welding. Because back chipping and polishing take a large amount of time, work efficiency has been reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low working efficiency caused by low-current backing welding and back welding in the submerged-arc welding process in the prior art, and provides a steel plate submerged-arc welding method.
The invention provides a steel plate submerged arc welding method, which comprises the following steps:
forming a welding groove, namely forming a front V-shaped groove on the front surface of a steel plate with the thickness not less than 20mm, wherein the opening of the front V-shaped groove is upward, the root gap of the front V-shaped groove is 0-2mm, and the length of a truncated edge is 3-8 mm;
a front welding step, wherein welding technological parameters of front welding are set as welding current 600-;
and a first back weld bead welding step, wherein the welding process parameters of the first back weld bead are set to be welding current 720-780A, welding voltage 30-33V, welding speed 40-50cm/min and welding wire extension length 25-30cm, and back submerged arc welding is carried out according to the set welding process parameters.
Optionally, in the step of forming the welding groove, a back V-groove is further formed on the back of the steel plate and right below the V-groove, an opening of the back V-groove is downward, and the back V-groove is communicated with the front V-groove through a root gap of the front V-groove.
Optionally, the groove depth and the groove angle of the front V-groove are the same as those of the back V-groove.
Optionally, the bevel angle of the front V-groove and/or the back V-groove is 60 to 70 degrees.
Optionally, after welding of two or three front weld passes is completed, turning over is performed on the steel plate, and welding of the first back weld pass is performed after turning over.
Optionally, after the first back weld bead welding is completed, the welding process parameters are set to be welding current 600-.
Optionally, before the front side welding step, the method further comprises:
and (3) preheating the steel plate, and determining the preheating temperature and the interlayer temperature according to the thickness and the strength of the steel plate.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and a post-heat treatment step, namely after welding is finished or in the welding process, pausing for a long time, and performing post-heat treatment on the steel plate, wherein the treatment temperature is 200-.
Optionally, when the thickness of the steel plate is 20-30mm, a front V-shaped groove is formed only on the front surface of the steel plate, the truncated edge extends from the front V-shaped groove to the back surface of the steel plate, and the length of the truncated edge is 4-8 mm.
Optionally, when the thickness of the steel plate is greater than 30mm and not greater than 150mm, the length of the truncated edge is 3-6 mm.
Optionally, the bevel angle of the front V-groove and/or the back V-groove is 60 to 70 degrees.
Optionally, the steel plate is an ultra-high strength steel plate used in marine engineering construction, and the welding heat input of the ultra-high strength steel plate is 19-36 KJ/CM.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the steel plate submerged-arc welding method, the length of the truncated edge of the formed front V-shaped groove and the size of the root gap are proper, so that high-current submerged-arc welding can be adopted in the whole welding process, low-current backing welding is not used, the welding process parameters are properly set, the root of the front V-shaped groove cannot be burnt through in the front welding process, back gouging and grinding are not needed, and the welding working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a submerged arc welding method for a steel plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a front V-groove and bead arrangement formed by a steel plate having a thickness of 20-30 mm;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a front V-groove and a back V-groove formed in a steel plate having a thickness of 100 mm;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a front V-groove and a back V-groove formed in a steel plate having a thickness of 40 mm; and
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a front V-groove, a back V-groove, and a bead arrangement formed in a steel plate having a thickness of 50 mm.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the principles and construction of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Please refer to fig. 1, which is a flowchart of a submerged arc welding method for a steel plate according to the present invention. The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
and step S1, forming a welding groove, namely forming a front V-shaped groove on the front surface of the steel plate with the thickness not less than 20mm before welding, wherein the opening of the front V-shaped groove is upward, the root gap of the front V-shaped groove is 0-2mm, and the length of the truncated edge is 3-8 mm.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, it is a schematic view of the front V-groove and bead arrangement of a steel plate with a thickness of 20-30 mm. The thickness H1 of the steel plate 11 to be welded is 20-30mm, a front V-shaped groove 12 is formed on the front surface of the steel plate 11, the root gap D1 of the front V-shaped groove 12 is 0-2mm, the length L1 of the truncated edge 111 is 4-8mm, and the included angle alpha 1 of the front V-shaped groove 12 is 60-70 degrees. The steel plate 11 may be formed by splicing two sub steel plates 11a and 11b to be welded, and a root gap is formed by a gap between the truncated edges of the sub steel plates 11a and 11 b.
Because the thickness of the steel plate 11 is within the range of 20-30mm, the thickness of the steel plate is limited, the front V-shaped groove 12 is formed only on the front surface of the steel plate 11, the groove is not formed on the back surface, the truncated edge 211 extends from the bottom end of the front V-shaped groove 12 to the back surface of the steel plate 11, and a longer truncated edge (4-8mm) is reserved to prevent the back surface from being burnt through during front welding.
Further, a back V-groove may be formed on the back of the steel plate to be welded. As shown in FIG. 3, the front V-groove and the back V-groove are schematically shown in the structure of a steel plate having a thickness of 100 mm.
The thickness H2 of the steel sheet 21 to be welded was 100mm, the front V-groove 22 was formed on the front surface of the steel sheet 21, the back V-groove 23 was formed on the back surface of the steel sheet 21, and the back V-groove 23 was located directly below the front V-groove 22.
The opening of the front V-groove 22 faces upwards, the root gap D2 is 0-2mm, the length L2 of the truncated edge 211 is 3-6mm, and preferably, the length L2 of the truncated edge 211 is 5 mm.
The rear V-groove 23 has a downward opening, an upper portion thereof being adjacent to the blunt edge 211 and communicating with the front V-groove through a root gap of the front V-groove 22.
The groove angle and the groove depth of the front V-groove 22 and the back V-groove 23 may be the same or different, and as shown in fig. 3, the groove angle and the groove depth of the front V-groove 22 and the back V-groove 23 are different, but the groove angle α 21 of the front V-groove 22 and the groove angle α 22 of the back V-groove 23 are both in the range of 60 to 70 degrees.
Further, in another embodiment, the groove depth and the groove angle of the front V-groove and the groove depth and the groove angle of the back V-groove are the same, and as shown in fig. 4, they are schematic structural diagrams of the front V-groove and the back V-groove formed by a steel plate having a thickness of 40 mm. A groove 32 of a front V-groove and a back V-groove 33 are formed in a steel plate 31 having a thickness H3 of 40mm, the length of the truncated edge 411 is 6mm, and the root gap is 2 mm. The groove depth D31 of the groove 32 of the front V-groove and the groove depth D32 of the back V-groove 33 were the same and were both 17 mm. The bevel angle α 41 of the front V-bevel 32 and the bevel angle α 42 of the back V-bevel 33 are the same and are both 60 to 70 degrees.
In the embodiment, the groove with the groove angle completely consistent with the groove depth is formed on the front surface and the back surface of the steel plate, so that the steel plate is prevented from being deformed excessively during welding.
In yet another embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, it is a schematic structural diagram of a front V-groove, a back V-groove and a bead arrangement formed by a steel plate with a thickness of 50 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness H4 of the steel plate is 50mm, and the groove structure is similar to that of the steel plate with the thickness of 100mm, that is, a front V-groove 42 and a back V-groove 43 are respectively formed on the front and back surfaces of the steel plate 41, and the back V-groove 43 is located right below the front V-groove 42.
The root gap D4 of the front V-groove 42 is 0-2mm, and the length L4 of the blunt edge 411 is 5 mm.
The rear V-groove 43 has a downward opening, an upper portion thereof is adjacent to the blunt edge 411, and communicates with the front V-groove 42 through a root gap of the front V-groove 42.
As shown in fig. 5, the groove angle and the groove depth of the front V-groove 42 and the back V-groove 43 are different from each other, but the groove angle α 41 of the front V-groove 42 and the groove angle α 42 of the back V-groove 43 are both in the range of 60 to 70 degrees.
And step S2, a front welding step, wherein welding process parameters of front welding are set to be welding current 600-650A, welding voltage 28-30V, welding speed 40-50cm/min and welding wire extension length 25-30cm, front submerged-arc welding is carried out according to the set welding process parameters, and the front welding does not burn through the root of the front V-shaped groove.
And front welding, namely performing multi-pass welding on the groove on the front surface of the steel plate to form a plurality of front welding passes. The formed front welding beads are laminated together according to the welding sequence. As shown in fig. 2, the front beads 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 are stacked in the front V-groove 12.
When each front weld bead is welded by front submerged arc welding, the welding current is controlled between 600 and 650A, the welding voltage is controlled between 28 and 30V, the welding speed is controlled between 40 and 50cm/min, and the extension length of a welding wire is controlled between 25 and 30 cm. For example, the welding current was 610A when the first front pass was performed, and the welding current was 650A when the second front pass was performed.
Step S3, a first back weld bead welding step, wherein the welding process parameters of the first back weld bead are set to be 720-780A of welding current, 30-33V of welding voltage, 40-50cm/min of welding speed and 25-30cm of welding wire extension length, and back submerged arc welding is carried out according to the set welding process parameters.
After completing the welding of two or three front welding passes, the steel plate is turned over, and then welding is performed from the back side of the steel plate. As shown in fig. 2, after the welding of the front beads 1, 2, and 3 is completed, the steel plate 11 is turned over, and then the welding of the back bead 4 is performed. As shown in fig. 4, after the welding of the front beads 1 and 2 is completed, the steel plate 31 is turned over, and the welding of the back bead 3 is performed after the turning over.
After the welding of the first back weld bead is finished, the welding process parameters are reset, namely the welding process parameters are set to be welding current of 600-.
As shown in FIG. 1, after the first back bead 4 is welded, the other front beads 5 and 6 are welded by using the welding current 600-.
As shown in FIG. 4, after the welding of the first back bead 3 is completed, the welding of the other back beads 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 is performed with the welding current 600-. And turning over after the welding of the back weld bead is finished, and similarly, welding the other front weld beads 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 by taking the welding current of 600-650A, the welding voltage of 28-30V, the welding speed of 40-50cm/min and the extension length of the welding wire of 25-30cm as welding process parameters.
Further, the method of the present invention further comprises preheating the steel sheet before the step of performing the front welding, the preheating temperature and the interlayer temperature being determined according to the thickness and strength of the steel sheet.
For example, for a high strength steel sheet having a thickness of 100mm and a type NV F690, the preheating temperature is 130 degrees, the interlaminar temperature is 210 degrees, and the minimum interlaminar temperature is not lower than the preheating temperature.
For another example, the preheating temperature is 80 ℃ and the interlayer temperature is 80-220 ℃ for a high-strength steel plate with the thickness of 50mm and the model NV F460.
Further, the method also comprises a post heat treatment step for the welded steel plate, wherein the post heat treatment is required to be carried out on the steel plate after the welding is finished or the steel plate is stopped for a long time in the welding process, the treatment temperature is 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours.
Further, in the submerged arc welding process, the welding heat input may be further determined according to the thickness and strength of the steel plate.
For example, for a high strength steel sheet 100mm thick and NV F690, the weld heat input is 20.5-34.29J/CM.
For another example, for a high strength steel plate 50mm thick and model NV F460, the weld heat input may be 19-36J/CM.
The method provided by the invention can be suitable for various ultrahigh-strength steel plates with the models of NV F690, NV F550, NV F460, NV F420, NV F36 and the like. And the welding seam formed on the steel plate with the above type by the steel plate submerged arc welding method can meet the standard requirement on the impact performance under the low temperature condition of 60 ℃ below zero.
As an example, the submerged arc welding test was performed on a NV F690 ultrahigh strength steel plate having a thickness of 100mm and a NV F460 ultrahigh strength steel plate having a thickness of 50mm by the steel plate submerged arc welding method of the present invention, and the test procedures were as follows:
test 1: submerged arc welding test of NVF 690 ultrahigh strength steel plate with thickness of 100mm
Step 1: a front V-groove and a rear V-groove as shown in fig. 3 were formed in the NV F690 ultrahigh-strength steel plate.
Step 2: preheating the NVF 690 ultrahigh-strength steel plate, wherein the preheating temperature is 130 ℃, the interlayer temperature is not more than 210 ℃, and the interlayer temperature can not be lower than the preheating temperature at the lowest.
And step 3: the front submerged arc welding and the back submerged arc welding were performed using the welding sequence and the welding test process parameters shown in table 1.
Table 1100 mmNV F690 ultra-high strength steel plate submerged arc welding test process parameters
The weld pass sequence corresponds to the sequence of welding, where "front 1" indicates a first front pass, and "front 2" indicates a second front pass, and "back 1" indicates a first back pass, and so on.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out impact performance test on a welding seam formed by submerged arc welding.
Table 2 shows the impact values obtained by the impact property test of the weld joints.
Table 2100 mmNV F690 ultra-high strength steel plate submerged arc welding test impact value
Through a submerged arc welding test on a 100mm NV F690 ultrahigh-strength steel plate, when an impact test is carried out at the temperature of-60 ℃, the impact performance of a welding seam is good, and the tensile property and the bending property of the welding seam both meet the requirements of DNV-OS-C401 specifications.
Test 2: submerged arc welding test of NVF 460 ultrahigh strength steel plate with thickness of 50mm
Step 1: a front V-groove and a rear V-groove as shown in fig. 4 were formed on the NV F460 ultrahigh-strength steel plate.
Step 2: preheating the NVF 460 ultrahigh-strength steel plate, wherein the preheating temperature is 80 ℃, and the interlayer temperature is not more than 80-210 ℃.
And step 3: the front submerged arc welding and the back submerged arc welding were performed using the welding sequence and the welding test process parameters shown in table 3.
Table 350 mmNV NV F460 ultrahigh strength steel plate submerged arc welding test process parameters
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out impact performance test on a welding seam formed by submerged arc welding.
Table 4 shows the impact values obtained by the impact property test on the weld joints.
TABLE 450 mmNV F640 ultra-high strength steel plate submerged arc welding test impact value
Through a submerged arc welding test on an NVF 460 ultrahigh-strength steel plate with the thickness of 50mm, when the impact test is carried out at the temperature of 60 ℃ below zero, the impact performance of a welding seam is good, and the tensile property and the bending property of the welding seam both meet the requirements of DNV-OS-C401 specifications.
According to the steel plate submerged-arc welding method, the length of the truncated edge of the formed V-shaped groove and the size of the root gap are proper, so that high-current submerged-arc welding can be adopted in the whole welding process, low current is not used, the welding process parameters are properly set, the root of the front V-shaped groove cannot be burnt through during front welding, back gouging and grinding are not needed, and the welding efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the weld seam formed by the steel plate submerged arc welding method of the present invention can meet the requirements of the classification society of ships such as DNV and the like in terms of impact performance at a temperature of-60 ℃.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but rather is intended to cover all equivalent structural changes made by the use of the specification and drawings.
Claims (9)
1. A steel plate submerged arc welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming a welding groove, namely forming a front V-shaped groove on the front surface of a steel plate with the thickness not less than 20mm, wherein the opening of the front V-shaped groove is upward, the root gap of the front V-shaped groove is 0-2mm, and the length of a truncated edge is 3-8 mm;
a front welding step, wherein welding technological parameters of front welding are set as welding current 600-;
after completing the welding of two or three front welding passes, turning over the steel plate, and then welding a first back welding pass;
a first back weld bead welding step, wherein the welding technological parameters of the first back weld bead are set as welding current 720-780A, welding voltage 30-33V, welding speed 40-50cm/min and welding wire extension length 25-30cm, and back submerged arc welding is carried out according to the set welding technological parameters;
after the first back weld bead welding is completed, the welding process parameters are set to be welding current 600-.
2. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the forming of the welding groove, a back V-groove is further formed on a back surface of the steel plate and directly below the V-groove, an opening of the back V-groove is downward, and the back V-groove communicates with the front V-groove through a root gap of the front V-groove.
3. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that the groove depth and the groove angle of the front V-groove and the groove depth and the groove angle of the back V-groove are identical.
4. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that a groove angle of the front V-groove and/or the back V-groove is 60 to 70 degrees.
5. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the front welding step, the method further comprises:
and (3) preheating the steel plate, and determining the preheating temperature and the interlayer temperature according to the thickness and the strength of the steel plate.
6. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
and a post-heat treatment step, namely after welding is finished or in the welding process, pausing for a long time, and performing post-heat treatment on the steel plate, wherein the treatment temperature is 200-.
7. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein when the thickness of the steel plate is 20 to 30mm, the steel plate is formed with a front V-groove only on the front surface, and a blunt edge extends from the front V-groove to the back surface of the steel plate, and the length of the blunt edge is 4 to 8 mm.
8. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the truncated edge is 3 to 6mm when the thickness of the steel plate is more than 30mm and not more than 150 mm.
9. The steel plate submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate is an ultra-high strength steel plate used in construction of marine equipment, and the welding heat input of the ultra-high strength steel plate is 19 to 36 KJ/CM.
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| CN108788507A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-13 | 福建省马尾造船股份有限公司 | A kind of divided edge structure and welding procedure of steel plate welding |
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| CN111014958A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-17 | 渤海造船厂集团有限公司 | Thick steel plate double-sided laser-MAG composite large-truncated-edge backing welding method |
| CN112059364A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-11 | 海洋石油工程（青岛）有限公司 | Process method for submerged arc welding of ship plate butt joint with plane arc-shaped welding line |
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| CN107876941A (en) | 2018-04-06 |
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