CN107869959B - laser measurement method for expansion amount of low-pressure rotor of nuclear turbine - Google Patents
laser measurement method for expansion amount of low-pressure rotor of nuclear turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107869959B CN107869959B CN201711165235.6A CN201711165235A CN107869959B CN 107869959 B CN107869959 B CN 107869959B CN 201711165235 A CN201711165235 A CN 201711165235A CN 107869959 B CN107869959 B CN 107869959B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser measurement method for the expansion amount of a low-pressure rotor of a nuclear turbine, which comprises the following steps: arranging a first laser measurement standard ball at the starting end of the low-pressure rotor, and arranging a second laser measurement standard ball at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, wherein the connecting line of the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball is parallel to a steam turbine shaft system; measuring the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball by using a laser tracker, and measuring and calculating the basic thermal deformation delta d of the low-pressure rotor; measuring the thermal expansion quantity delta L of the low-pressure rotor relative to the base through an absolute expansion probe; the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor is calculated according to the following formula: s ═ Δ L + Δ d. The method has simple steps and easy implementation, can accurately measure the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor, reduces the intervention of operators on the unit, avoids the power reduction and brake opening and shutdown risks of the unit, and improves the reliability of equipment and the power generation benefit of the unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power station steam turbine maintenance, in particular to a laser measurement method for expansion of a low-pressure rotor of a nuclear power station steam turbine.
Background
in order to ensure that the moving and static parts of the steam turbine do not generate collision and abrasion, the steam turbine is provided with a low-pressure rotor absolute expansion monitoring device. The change characteristics of the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor mainly comprise the following three points: 1. sensitive change along with the change of the temperature of the seawater; 2. the difference between summer working conditions and winter working conditions exceeds 4.5mm, the expansion value is reduced under the summer working conditions, and the expansion value is opposite under the winter working conditions; 3. the expansion value difference before and after overhaul is large. The existing low-pressure rotor absolute expansion probe cannot accurately monitor the state of a unit, and the risk of dynamic and static rub and vibration can be caused under severe conditions. The low-pressure rotor has a high absolute expansion value, when the absolute expansion value exceeds the alarm value, operators need to pay attention to the change situation of the expansion value at any moment and intervene the unit if necessary, and the intervention means comprises reducing the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure cylinder, reducing the generating power of the unit and even opening a brake to stop the unit. These interventions seriously affect the reliability and power generation efficiency of the unit. Through experimental analysis and research on the reason of high fault of the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor, the change of the basic deformation of the steam turbine under the influence of the environmental temperature is found, and therefore the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure cylinder rotor exceeds the alarm value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear turbine, which eliminates the influence of the basic deformation of the turbine on the measurement of the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor and greatly improves the reliability and the power generation benefit of the turbine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear turbine is provided, a bearing box of the turbine is fixed on a foundation, and the laser measurement method comprises the following steps:
setting a reference temperature, and measuring an initial distance between a starting end and a terminal of the low-pressure rotor at the reference temperature;
Arranging an absolute expansion probe at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, and measuring and calculating the thermal expansion amount delta L of the low-pressure rotor relative to the base through the absolute expansion probe;
Arranging a first laser measurement standard ball at the starting end of the low-pressure rotor, and arranging a second laser measurement standard ball at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, wherein the connecting line of the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball is parallel to a steam turbine shaft system;
Measuring the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball by using a laser tracker, calculating the distance d i between the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball by coordinate measurement, and calculating the basic thermal deformation of the low-pressure rotor according to the following formula:
Δd＝di-d0，
Wherein d 0 is the initial distance between the starting end and the terminal end of the low pressure rotor at the reference temperature;
The absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor is calculated according to the following formula:
S＝ΔL+Δd。
In the laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear turbine, the absolute expansion probe comprises a main probe and a secondary probe, the main probe is used for measuring the axial expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor, and the secondary probe is used for compensating the influence of the radial expansion and the radial vibration of the low-pressure rotor on the main probe.
in the laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear power turbine, the turbine is a single-shaft three-cylinder four-exhaust condensing turbine, the absolute expansion probe is arranged in a No. 4 bearing box, the starting end of the low-pressure rotor is the thrust shoe position of a No. 2 bearing box of the turbine, and the terminal of the low-pressure rotor is the absolute expansion probe position of the No. 4 bearing box.
In the laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear power turbine, the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard sphere are point 1(x 1, y 1 and z 1), the coordinates of the second laser measurement standard sphere are point 2(x 2, y 2 and z 2), and the distance d i between the first laser measurement standard sphere and the second laser measurement standard sphere is calculated through the following formula:
y1≈y2，z1≈z2，
di＝∣x2-x1∣。
The method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps and easy to implement, the laser tracker measurement and absolute expansion probe measurement technology is comprehensively utilized, and meanwhile, according to the comprehensive research and development of shafting structure characteristics, equipment arrangement and measurement data post-processing analysis technology, the measurement method of the low-pressure rotor absolute expansion laser tracker is finally invented, the influence of turbine basic deformation on the measurement of the low-pressure rotor expansion is eliminated, the low-pressure rotor expansion can be accurately measured, the intervention of operators on a unit is reduced, the power reduction and brake shutdown risks of the unit are avoided, and the reliability of equipment and the power generation benefits of the unit are improved. The invention can also reduce the GSS2 stage heating exit time, avoid the influence of steam humidity increase on the erosion of the last stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder and improve the safety of the equipment; the method has the advantages of simple overall steps, low cost and easy implementation, and is suitable for the steam turbine with all bearing boxes arranged on the basis.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an absolute expansion probe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single slope differential expansion measurement in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a laser measurement standard ball in a steam turbine in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of laser tracker coordinate establishment in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a laser tracker station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 illustrates the laser tracker transfer station principle in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention takes an HN1000-6.43 type steam turbine of Yangjiang nuclear power plant as an example for explanation, and the HN1000-6.43 type steam turbine is a single-shaft, three-cylinder (1HP +2LP) and four-exhaust condensing type half-speed nuclear power steam turbine unit produced by introducing the Siemens technology in Shanghai steam turbine plant. The total length of a unit shafting reaches 52m, in order to ensure that the dynamic and static parts of the steam turbine do not generate collision and abrasion, a low-pressure rotor absolute expansion monitoring device is designed, and an alarm value and a trip value are respectively 16.1mm and 18.1 mm. After the machine set is put into operation, under the working condition in winter, the absolute expansion display value of the low-pressure rotor of the steam turbine is 17.6mm at most, is far greater than an alarm value and is close to a trip value. The change characteristics of the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor mainly comprise the following three points: 1. sensitive change along with the change of the temperature of the seawater; 2. the difference between summer working conditions and winter working conditions exceeds 4.5mm, the expansion value is reduced under the summer working conditions, and the expansion value is opposite under the winter working conditions; 3. the expansion value difference before and after overhaul is large. The low-pressure rotor has a high absolute expansion value, and in order to ensure the safe operation of the unit, operators need to intervene the unit, including reducing the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure cylinder, reducing the generating power of the unit, and even opening a brake to stop the unit. These interventions have a serious impact on the reliability of the plant and the efficiency of the power generation of the plant. Through experimental analysis and research on the reason that the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor is high, the fact that the basic deformation of the steam turbine is influenced by the environment temperature to change is found, and therefore the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure cylinder rotor exceeds an alarm value.
The basis of the turbonator is an integral "slab" of concrete supported by a lower 76 sets of elastomeric isolator assemblies. The steam turbine is composed of 1 high pressure cylinder and 2 low pressure cylinders, 3 rotors (1 high pressure and 2 low pressure) of the shafting are supported in 4 floor type bearing seats by 1-6 bearings, wherein the 2 bearings at the rear end of the high pressure rotor are radial thrust combined bearings and are expansion dead points of the whole shafting, namely the high pressure rotor expands forwards, and the low pressure rotor expands backwards.
In order to solve the problem of false high absolute expansion value of a low-pressure rotor and eliminate the influence of basic change of a turbonator on measurement of expansion amount, the embodiment of the invention provides a laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of a nuclear turbine, which comprises the following steps:
first, a reference temperature is set, and an initial distance between a start end and a terminal end of the low pressure rotor at the reference temperature is measured.
Since the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor is measured by the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor relative to a certain reference temperature, a reference temperature needs to be set, and the reference temperature is selected to be 20 ℃ in the embodiment.
And thirdly, arranging an absolute expansion probe at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, and measuring the thermal expansion amount delta L of the low-pressure rotor relative to the base through the absolute expansion probe.
In this step, the low-pressure rotor expansion amount means that the absolute expansion probe is placed in the bearing box No. 4, and the displacement of the low-pressure rotor relative to the bearing seat is measured through the absolute expansion probe. Since the bearing block is fixed to the base, the measurement point measures the absolute expansion of the low-pressure rotor relative to the axial dead center. The expansion measurement of the low-pressure rotor adopts a single slope type expansion difference measurement principle, and the slope angle alpha is 5 degrees. As shown in figure 1, the absolute expansion probe comprises a main probe 4 and a secondary probe 5, wherein the main probe 4 is used for measuring the axial expansion of the low-pressure rotor, and the secondary probe 5 is used for compensating the influence of the radial expansion and the radial vibration of the low-pressure rotor on the main probe.
as shown in fig. 2, since Δ L ═ Δ G/sin α; Δ G ═ Δ G1- Δ G'; Δ G' ═ Δ G2cos α;
so Δ L ═ Δ G1- Δ G2cos α)/sin α;
Namely: the current temperature low pressure rotor expansion value (primary probe measurement-secondary probe measurement xcos α)/sin α.
to eliminate the effect of the turbine base deformation on the expansion value, as shown in fig. 3, the method further includes: a first laser measurement standard ball 1 is arranged at the starting end of the low-pressure rotor, a second laser measurement standard ball 2 is arranged at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, and the connecting line of the first laser measurement standard ball 1 and the second laser measurement standard ball 2 is parallel to a steam turbine shaft system. The starting end of the low-pressure rotor is the position of a thrust bush of a No. 2 bearing box of the steam turbine, and the terminal of the low-pressure rotor is the position of an absolute expansion probe of a No. 4 bearing box.
and secondly, measuring the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard ball 1 and the second laser measurement standard ball 2 by using a laser tracker, calculating the distance d i between the first laser measurement standard ball 1 and the second laser measurement standard ball 2 through coordinate measurement, and calculating the basic thermal deformation of the low-pressure rotor according to the following formula:
Δd＝di-d0，
Where d 0 is the initial distance between the starting and ending points at the low pressure rotor reference temperature.
the laser tracker generally consists of a laser tracking head, a tripod and a measuring target ball. As shown in FIG. 4, the principle of laser tracker measurement is to select a stationary point in space as a reference point, establish an X-Y-Z Cartesian coordinate system, and then measure the spatial coordinates of each measured point. When the complete data of the workpiece cannot be obtained by a single measuring position, the laser tracker needs to be moved to another measuring position for measurement, the measuring position is called a transfer station (as shown in figure 5) every time the measuring position is changed, the coordinate of the fixed point needs to be measured during the transfer station, and then the coordinate of the new measuring position in the original coordinate system needs to be restored through coordinate conversion (as shown in figure 6), so that the coordinate data of the measured point are measured under the same coordinate system every time. The measured data is processed and analyzed, and the position and size relation of each object can be obtained.
In this step, the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard sphere are point 1(x 1, y 1, z 1), the coordinates of the second laser measurement standard sphere are point 2(x 2, y 2, z 2), and the distance d i between the first laser measurement standard sphere and the second laser measurement standard sphere can be calculated by the following formula:
y1≈y2，z1≈z2，
di＝∣x2-x1∣。
Finally, after the value of Δ d is obtained, the absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor can be calculated according to the following formula:
S＝ΔL+Δd。
It is worth to be noted that, in the invention, the basic thermal deformation Δ d of the low-pressure rotor can be measured first, and then the thermal expansion amount Δ L of the low-pressure rotor relative to the base can be measured, and the measurement sequence of the two does not influence the implementation of the technical scheme and the obtaining of the technical effect of the invention.
according to the invention, through comprehensive research and development of laser tracker measurement, eddy current expansion probe measurement, shafting structure characteristics, equipment arrangement and measured data post-processing analysis technology, the low-pressure rotor absolute expansion laser tracker measurement method is invented finally, the influence of turbine basic deformation on the measurement of the low-pressure rotor expansion is eliminated, the low-pressure rotor expansion can be accurately measured, the intervention of operators on a unit is reduced, the power reduction and brake shutdown risks of the unit are avoided, and the reliability of equipment and the power generation benefits of the unit are improved. The invention can also reduce the GSS2 stage heating exit time, avoid the influence of steam humidity increase on the erosion of the last stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder and improve the safety of the equipment.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A laser measurement method for expansion of a low-pressure rotor of a nuclear turbine is characterized in that a bearing box of the turbine is fixed on a foundation, and the laser measurement method comprises the following steps:
Setting a reference temperature, and measuring an initial distance between a starting end and a terminal of the low-pressure rotor at the reference temperature;
arranging an absolute expansion probe at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, and measuring and calculating the thermal expansion amount delta L of the low-pressure rotor relative to the base through the absolute expansion probe;
arranging a first laser measurement standard ball at the starting end of the low-pressure rotor, and arranging a second laser measurement standard ball at the terminal of the low-pressure rotor, wherein the connecting line of the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball is parallel to a steam turbine shaft system;
Measuring the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball by using a laser tracker, calculating the distance d i between the first laser measurement standard ball and the second laser measurement standard ball by coordinate measurement, and calculating the basic thermal deformation of the low-pressure rotor according to the following formula:
Δd＝di-d0，
wherein d 0 is the initial distance between the starting end and the terminal end of the low pressure rotor at the reference temperature;
The absolute expansion value of the low-pressure rotor is calculated according to the following formula:
S＝ΔL+Δd。
2. The laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absolute expansion probe comprises a main probe and a secondary probe, the main probe is used for measuring the axial expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor, and the secondary probe is used for compensating the influence of the radial expansion and the radial vibration of the low-pressure rotor on the main probe.
3. The laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear turbine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine is a single-shaft three-cylinder four-exhaust condensing turbine, the absolute expansion probe is arranged in a No. 4 bearing box, the starting end of the low-pressure rotor is the thrust shoe position of a No. 2 bearing box of the turbine, and the terminal of the low-pressure rotor is the absolute expansion probe position of the No. 4 bearing box.
4. The laser measurement method for the expansion amount of the low-pressure rotor of the nuclear turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coordinates of the first laser measurement standard sphere are point 1(x 1, y 1, z 1), the coordinates of the second laser measurement standard sphere are point 2(x 2, y 2, z 2), and the distance d i between the first laser measurement standard sphere and the second laser measurement standard sphere is calculated by the following formula:
y1≈y2，z1≈z2，
di＝∣x2-x1∣。
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