CN107863538B - Electrode for ethanol catalysis and application thereof - Google Patents
Electrode for ethanol catalysis and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107863538B CN107863538B CN201711071074.4A CN201711071074A CN107863538B CN 107863538 B CN107863538 B CN 107863538B CN 201711071074 A CN201711071074 A CN 201711071074A CN 107863538 B CN107863538 B CN 107863538B
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
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Abstract
The electrode provided by the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, simplicity and the like, improves the reaction rate of ethanol under the alkaline condition, and has the catalytic efficiency of 1.7 × 104The electrode has good electrochemical catalytic performance on ethanol and has great application prospect in the field of fuel cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catalysis, in particular to an electrode for electrochemically catalyzing ethanol by silver nanowires/palladium nanoparticles, which is prepared by dripping silver nanowires on surface-modified polydimethylsiloxane and depositing nano palladium on the surfaces of the silver nanowires by an electrochemical deposition method.
Background
Ethanol is an organic molecule with the simplest structure in chain alcohol molecules, and particularly, the ethanol can be produced in large quantities through crop fermentation and can also be obtained from other biomass sources, so that the ethanol is a renewable energy source with wide sources. The Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) utilizes ethanol water solution as fuel, avoids the combustion process, and has the advantages of environmental protection, convenient fuel use, strong overload capacity and the like. Because ethanol has wide sources, is easy to prepare and regenerate, and can keep higher conversion rate, the research of direct ethanol fuel cells is concerned by more and more researchers.
Platinum (Pt) and Pt alloys exhibit excellent performance for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol, but the use of Pt in DEFC is limited due to its high price, poor CO poisoning resistance, etc., while palladium (Pd) is used as a catalyst that is portable, has great potential, strong CO poisoning resistance, and relatively inexpensive, and is more widely used in the research of DEFC. While obtaining the Pd nanoparticle catalyst, people respectively study the influence of different chemical reactions and electrochemical systems catalyzed by the Pd nanoparticles and different substrates on the catalytic activity of Pd. The catalytic mechanism of ethanol on Pd is:
however, only the carbon nano tube is used as a carrier to prepare the Pd-Cu composite material electrode at present[1]The electrode reported to have limited catalytic performance. Therefore, there is a need in the art for an electrode having good electrochemical catalytic properties for ethanol.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art and further improve the activity and stability of a metal palladium catalyst, the invention provides a novel electrode for catalyzing ethanol by using a Pd nanoparticle electrode modified by silver nanowires (AgNWs) as a carrier, the electrode has the characteristics of high efficiency, simplicity and the like, palladium is deposited on the AgNWs taking a flexible material Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate by an electrochemical method by using a simple cyclic voltammetry scanning method, and research results show that the electrode has good electrochemical catalytic performance on the ethanol under an alkaline condition.
In order to realize the aim, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the electrode for ethanol catalysis is composed of an AgNWs/Pd nano composite material as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode; the preparation method of the AgNWs/Pd nano composite material comprises the following steps:
diluting AgNWs with ethanol and water, uniformly coating the diluted AgNWs on PDMS to enable the PDMS to be loaded with AgNWs, taking the PDMS loaded with AgNWs as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode to form a three-electrode system, and placing the three-electrode system in PdCl2And depositing Pd in the solution to obtain the AgNWs/Pd nano composite material.
Preferably, the AgNWs-The preparation method of the Pd nano composite material comprises the following steps: 20 mg/ml-1Is diluted to 5 mg/ml by ethanol and water-1Spreading 20 μ L of the mixture on 0.6 × 1.95.1.95 cm2On PDMS; placing the three-electrode system in a working electrode of PDMS loaded with AgNWs, a reference electrode of Ag/AgCl and an auxiliary electrode of platinum wire, wherein the three-electrode system is placed in a range of 5 mmol.L-1PdCl of (2)2And in the solution, Pd is deposited by an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method, the potential range is-0.25-0.4V, the scanning speed is 25mV/s, 5-35 circles of Pd are deposited, the solution is taken out and washed, then the solution is naturally dried, and the solution is placed for at least 12 hours, so that the AgNWs/Pd nano composite material is obtained.
The mass ratio of the ethanol to the water is 9: 1.
the PdCl2The solution is PdCl2Solid powder is used as solute, and the concentration of the solute is 2.0 mol.L-1Acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH 4.0 is used as solvent.
Preferably, the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry deposition is at 0.1mol · L-1KOH and 1 mol. L-1CH3CH2And (3) performing cyclic voltammetry scanning in the OH mixed solution, wherein the potential range is-0.8-1V, the scanning speed is 50mV/s, and depositing for 25 circles.
The invention also aims to protect the application of the electrode in ethanol catalysis, and the specific method is as follows: the electrode is placed in ethanol solutions with different concentrations, scanning is carried out by adopting cyclic voltammetry, the recording potential is-0.8-1.0V, and the peak current is recorded under the condition of the scanning speed of 50mV/s and the concentration of 0.1-1.0 mol.L-1Cyclic voltammograms over a range. Preferably, the ethanol concentration is 1.0 mol.L-1。
A third object of the invention is to claim the use of the above-mentioned electrode in the field of fuel cells.
Compared with the prior art, the electrode provided by the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, simplicity and the like, the reaction rate of ethanol is improved under the alkaline condition, and the catalytic efficiency is 1.7 × 10-4The electrode has good electrochemical catalytic performance on ethanol and has great application prospect in the field of fuel cells.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is SEM photographs of silver nanowires and surface topography of Pd nanoparticles deposited on the silver nanowires at different turns, wherein (a) is silver nanowires, (b) 5 turns are deposited, (c) 10 turns are deposited, (d) 15 turns are deposited, (e) 25 turns are deposited, and (f) 30 turns are deposited.
FIG. 2AgNWs and AgNWs/Pd nanocomposite as working electrodes at 0.1 mol. L-1KOH and 1.0 mol. L-1CH3CH2Cyclic voltammogram in OH mixed solution.
FIG. 3 shows that the number of the electrodes for different electrochemical deposition turns is 0.1 mol.L-1KOH+1.0mol·L-1CH3CH2Cyclic voltammogram in OH solution.
FIG. 4 cyclic voltammogram of an electrode electrochemically deposited for 25 cycles in solutions of different ethanol concentrations
FIG. 5 AC impedance plots of AgNWs and AgNWs/Pd nanocomposites, respectively, as working electrodes.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific examples, without limiting the scope of protection of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted by the invention are all conventional methods, and experimental equipment, materials, reagents and the like used in the experimental method can be purchased from chemical companies.
Example 1
(1) 20 mg/ml-1Is diluted to 5 mg/ml by ethanol and water -120 μ L of the mixture was uniformly applied to PDMS (0.6 × 1.95 cm)2). Adopting a three-electrode electrochemical electrolytic cell system, taking PDMS loaded with AgNWs as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode to form a three-electrode system, and placing the three-electrode system in a volume of 5 mmol.L-1PdCl of (2)2In the solution, Pd is deposited by an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method, the potential range is-0.25-0.4V, the scanning speed is 25mV/s, and 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 and 35 circles are respectively deposited in order to compare the influence of the number of deposited circles on the electrode performance.
(2) And (2) taking the AgNWs deposited with the Pd in the step (1) out, washing, naturally airing, and standing for at least 12 hours to obtain the AgNWs/Pd nano composite material. The surface appearance of the composite material is shown in figure 1 by scanning electron microscope observationShown in the figure. As can be clearly observed from fig. 1, as the number of deposition turns increases, the number of Pd nanoparticles on the AgNWs surface increases, and when the number of deposition turns is 25, the Pd catalyst releases the most active sites in this state. Although the Pd nano-particles are obviously more than 25 circles deposited when 30 circles are deposited, the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) values of the electrodes of 25 circles and 30 circles deposited are respectively 17.05m2·g-1And 6.06m2·g-1The AgNWs/Pd nano composite material obtained by depositing 25 circles is used for preparing the electrode with the best performance, and the calculation formula is that ECSA is Q/s × l
Where Q is the amount of charge of the electrochemically deposited Pd and s is the area-dependent charge (405mC cm)-2) L is' g.cm-2Electrocatalyst loading in[2]。
Taking a PDMS electrode loaded with AgNWs/Pd nano composite material as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, and placing the three-electrode system at 0.1 mol.L-1KOH+1mol·L-1CH3CH2Performing cyclic voltammetry scanning in OH solution, and respectively depositing for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 circles in 0.1 mol.L by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry- 1KOH+1mol·L-1CH3CH2And (3) performing cyclic voltammetry scanning in the OH solution, wherein the potential range is-0.8-1V, and the scanning speed is 50 mV/s. As can be seen from fig. 3, the oxidation peak current of ethanol was the highest when cyclic voltammetric scanning was performed when the number of deposition cycles was 25.
Example 2
Adopting a three-electrode system electrochemical electrolytic cell system, respectively taking a PDMS electrode loaded with AgNWs and a PDMS electrode loaded with AgNWs/Pd nano composite material as working electrodes, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, respectively placing the two three-electrode systems in 5mmol/L PdCl2In solution, cyclic voltammetric scans were performed.
As shown in fig. 2, the oxidation peak current density of ethanol on the AgNWs/Pd electrode is much higher than that on the AgNWs electrode, and the oxidation peak of ethanol on the AgNWs/Pd electrode is more negative, indicating that the presence of palladium makes ethanol more readily oxidized catalytically. Pd can promote deprotonation of the alcohol in the base electrolyte, while Ag can promote oxidation of the intermediate aldehyde. Thus, the combination of two active sites (Pd and Ag) with two different functions can simultaneously increase the reaction rate of the alcohol.
Example 3
Adopting two electrode systems, respectively using AgNWs-loaded PDMS electrode and AgNWs/Pd nano composite material-loaded PDMS electrode as working electrodes, using Ag/AgCl electrode as reference electrode, placing the two electrode systems in 0.1 mol.L-1KOH+1mol·L-1CH3CH2And (4) carrying out open circuit voltage test in the OH solution for 1000 s. Then adopting a three-electrode system, respectively taking a PDMS electrode loaded with AgNWs and an AgNWs/Pd nano composite electrode as working electrodes, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, and placing the three-electrode system at 0.1 mol.L-1KOH+1mol·L-1CH3CH2In OH solution, AC impedance test is carried out. The size of the radian of the curve in fig. 5 reflects the relative speed of the dynamic process in the electrochemical system, and the smaller the diameter of the arc, the easier the charge transfer in the electrochemical process is, and the faster the relative speed of the dynamic process of the system is. It can be seen from fig. 5 that, in the high frequency region, the diffusion rate of ethanol on the AgNWs/Pd electrode is far greater than that on the AgNWs electrode, and the impedance of the AgNWs electrode is significantly greater than that of the AgNWs/Pd nanocomposite electrode, so that the correctness of the oxidation peak current of ethanol in fig. 2 under the AgNWs/palladium nanocomposite electrode is also proved to be higher than that of the AgNWs electrode.
Example 4: concentration range of electrochemical response of electrode to ethanol
Taking a PDMS electrode and an AgNWs/Pd nano composite electrode which are loaded with AgNWs as working electrodes, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, and respectively putting the three-electrode system at a concentration of 0.3 mol.L-1、0.5mol·L-1、0.8mol·L-1、1.0mol·L-1、3.0mol·L-1、5.0mol·L-1The alcohol solution is subjected to cyclic voltammetry scanning, wherein the KOH concentration in the solution is 0.1 mol.L-1The potential range is-0.8-1V, and the sweep rate is 50 mV/s. As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the ethanol is concentratedDegree of 1.0 mol. L-1The oxidation peak current of ethanol is highest.
Reference to the literature
[1] Wanghao preparation of anode palladium copper nano catalyst of direct ethanol fuel cell and electrochemical performance research [ D ] Huaqiao university, 2016.
[2]Hameed R.M.A.,Facile preparation ofPd-metal oxide/Celectrocatalysts and their application in the electrocatalytic oxidationofethanol,Applied Surface Science,2017,411.
The above description is only for the purpose of creating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An electrode for ethanol catalysis is characterized in that the electrode is composed of an AgNWs/Pd nano composite material as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode;
the preparation method of the AgNWs/Pd nano composite material comprises the following steps:
20 mg/ml-1The mass ratio of AgNWs is 9: diluting 1 ethanol and water to 5 mg/ml-1Spreading 20 μ L of the mixture on 0.6 × 1.95.1.95 cm2On PDMS; placing the three-electrode system in a working electrode of PDMS loaded with AgNWs, a reference electrode of Ag/AgCl and an auxiliary electrode of platinum wire, wherein the three-electrode system is placed in a range of 5 mmol.L-1PdCl of (2)2In the solution, Pd is deposited by an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method, the potential range is-0.25-0.4V, the scanning speed is 25mV/s, 5-35 circles of deposition are carried out, the solution is taken out and washed, then the solution is naturally dried, and the solution is placed for at least 12 hours, so that the AgNWs/Pd nano composite material is obtained; the PdCl2The solution is PdCl2Solid powder is used as solute, and 2.0 mol.L-1And acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH =4.0 as a solvent.
2. An electrode according to claim 1 in ethanolThe application in catalysis comprises the following specific steps: the electrode is placed in ethanol solutions with different concentrations, scanning is carried out by adopting cyclic voltammetry, the recording potential is-0.8-1.0V, and the peak current is recorded under the condition of the scanning speed of 50mV/s and the concentration of 0.1-1.0 mol.L-1Cyclic voltammograms over the range.
3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the ethanol concentration is 1.0 mol-L-1。
4. Use of an electrode according to claim 1 in the field of fuel cells.
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| CN108918610B (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-06-19 | 安徽师范大学 | Single platinum-palladium nano-cluster electrode, preparation method and application thereof in methanol catalysis |
| CN109298046A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-01 | 大连大学 | A kind of electrode and its application for alcohol catalysis |
| CN112864433B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2023-06-09 | 大连大学 | Construction method of electrocatalytic oxidation methanol fuel cell |
| CN113054206B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-06-07 | 大连大学 | Preparation method and application of NiNPs/AuNPs/GN/AgNWs/paper plastic electrode |
| CN113054201B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-05-13 | 大连大学 | Method for constructing sucrose fuel cell based on electrocatalytic oxidation of sucrose solution by NiNPs/AuNPs/CFP electrode |
| CN113130913B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-06-14 | 大连大学 | PtNPs/NiNPs/AgNWs/PET plastic electrode and application thereof in construction of fructose fuel cell |
| CN114583188A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-03 | 大连大学 | Method for constructing neutral glucose fuel cell electrode |
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