CN107861268A - Polarize unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater - Google Patents
Polarize unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater Download PDFInfo
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- CN107861268A CN107861268A CN201711224962.5A CN201711224962A CN107861268A CN 107861268 A CN107861268 A CN 107861268A CN 201711224962 A CN201711224962 A CN 201711224962A CN 107861268 A CN107861268 A CN 107861268A
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- axial birefringence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/0955—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of one kind polarization, its isolator core includes the first, second positive single axial birefringence chip and first, second negative single axial birefringence chip that light path is sequentially connected with；The first Faraday module and the first half-wave plate are sequentially provided between two positive single axial birefringence chips；The second Faraday module and the second half-wave plate are sequentially provided between two negative single axial birefringence chips；It is opposite to the lateral attitude offset direction of light beam using first, second positive single axial birefringence chip and first, second negative single axial birefringence chip, and then eliminate because the harmful effect to fiber coupling axiality is deviateed in light beam transversal position, improve the axiality of coupling optical fiber；Meanwhile the first Faraday module is provided between two positive single axial birefringence chips, the second Faraday module is provided between two negative single axial birefringence chips, realizes that two-stage is isolated, improves the isolation of isolator.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical-fiber laser passive device manufacturing technology field, more particularly to a kind of unrelated coaxial coupling light of polarization
Fiber isolator.
Background technology
Optoisolator is a kind of very universal passive optical device of application, can apply in laser amplifier system or swash
In light output system, harmful influence is caused to backing system with the laser for preventing from reflecting back, such as power disturbance, spectrum are different
Normal even device damage.
Optoisolator is broadly divided into polarization relationship type and polarization independent type.Relationship type optoisolator is wherein polarized relatively to be applicable
In the isolation of linearly polarized laser, for the poor incident light of degree of polarization, the insertion loss of such device is larger, is unfavorable for height
Power laser transmits；And the general principle of polarization independent type optical isolator and the isolating device difference of polarization relationship type are notable, mainly
It is to have used ordinary light wave in birefringece crystal to transmit the feature separated, the insertion loss of such device with extraordinary wave
It is small, be advantageous to high power laser light transmission, but structure is relative complex.
In fiber coupling polarization independent type optical isolator, the lifting of the coupled power limit depend on fiber end face with
Degree of registration, device coating quality and the device heat treatment mode of space laser, and the isolation of single-stage isolated device lifting master
The separation degree of ordinary light wave and extraordinary wave is depended on, traditional fiber coupling polarization independent type optical isolator mainly utilizes one
Birefringent wedge crystal or rectangle birefringece crystal to homogeneity realize the separation of ordinary light wave and extraordinary wave with closing beam,
And the miniaturization for device and low cost, it is general to be cooled down using the birefringent plate, relatively low coating quality and metal of miniaturization
The mode of shell, and be the drawbacks of traditional scheme maximum：Light isolator Exit positions always with incoming position longitudinal direction or
Have on person's horizontal direction and necessarily deviate, be not coaxial on longitudinal direction, it is necessary to be installed by being accurately machined with manually fine setting to carry
Height, therefore mismachining tolerance, regulation error can bring higher insertion loss and relatively low power damage thresholds, ultimately result in whole
The size of body device does not reduce, and the isolation of device is not high.
The content of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a kind of raising fiber coupling axiality and with good isolation, antibody Monoclonal power effect
The unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization.
The unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of one kind polarization, including isolator core and positioned at isolator core both sides first
Collimater and the second collimater；The isolator core includes the first positive single axial birefringence chip that light path is sequentially connected with, second just
Single axial birefringence chip, the first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence chip；The first positive single shaft is two-fold
Penetrate between chip and the second positive single axial birefringence chip and be sequentially provided with the first Faraday module and the first half-wave plate；Institute
State and be sequentially provided with the second Faraday mould between the first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence chip
Block and the second half-wave plate；Wherein, the described first positive single axial birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence wafer material phase
With and thickness it is identical, the first negative single axial birefringence chip is identical with the described second negative single axial birefringence wafer material and thickness
It is identical.
In one of the embodiments, the described first positive single axial birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence chip
Material is YVO4Or TiO2；The first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence wafer material are
Iceland spar or LiNbO3。
In one of the embodiments, the first collimator is Grin lens or convex lens；Second collimater is
Grin lens or convex lens.
In one of the embodiments, the described first positive single axial birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence wafer material
Use YVO4When, YVO4Crystal thickness be 40.38mm.
In one of the embodiments, the described first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence wafer material
When using Iceland spar, the crystal thickness of Iceland spar is 41.50mm.
In one of the embodiments, the first collimator, second collimater, the first positive single axial birefringence
Chip, the second positive single axial birefringence chip, the first negative single axial birefringence chip, the second negative single axial birefringence chip,
The first Faraday module, first half-wave plate, the transmissivity of the second Faraday module and the second half-wave plate
It is all higher than 99.5%.
In one of the embodiments, in addition to housing, the isolator core are arranged in the housing, and described first is accurate
The straight side that is axially set in the housing of the device along the described first positive single axial birefringence chip, so that through the first collimator
Collimated light perpendicular to the end face of the incident first positive single axial birefringence chip；Second collimater is along the described second negative list
The opposite side for being axially set in the housing of axle birefringence chip, so that from the described second negative single axial birefringence chip emergent light
Focused on through second collimater and enter coupling optical fiber.
In one of the embodiments, it is double in the described second positive single axial birefringence chip and the first negative single shaft in the housing
Retaining piece is provided between refraction chip, light hole is offered on the retaining piece, so that light beam is two-fold from the described second positive single shaft
Penetrate chip and be emitted to the described first negative single axial birefringence chip.
In one of the embodiments, it is described when the first collimator and second collimater are Grin lens
The one end of first collimator and second collimater away from the isolator core respectively with Transmission Fibers phase welding.
In one of the embodiments, the Transmission Fibers are single mode list cladded-fiber, single-mode double-clad optical fiber or big mould
Area double-cladding optical fiber
The unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization provided by the invention, utilizes first, second positive single axial birefringence chip
With first, second negative single axial birefringence chip to the lateral attitude offset direction of light beam on the contrary, and then eliminating because of light beam transversal position
The harmful effect deviateed to fiber coupling axiality is put, improves the axiality of coupling optical fiber；It is meanwhile two-fold in two positive single shafts
Penetrate between chip and be provided with the first Faraday module, the second faraday is provided between two negative single axial birefringence chips and is revolved
Optical module, realize that two-stage is isolated, improve isolation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that light is in the light path side of forward-propagating in the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization that an embodiment provides
Face schematic diagram.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, the present invention is described more fully below with reference to relevant drawings.In accompanying drawing
Give the better embodiment of the present invention.But the present invention can realize in many different forms, however it is not limited to herein
Described embodiment.On the contrary, the purpose for providing these embodiments is to make to understand more the disclosure
Add thorough and comprehensive.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element, it can be directly on another element
Or there may also be element placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to
To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " interior ", " outer ", "left", "right" and
For illustrative purposes only, it is unique embodiment to be not offered as similar statement.
Refering to Fig. 1, one kind that present embodiment provides polarizes unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater, including isolator core 10
And the collimater 30 of first collimator 20 and second positioned at the both sides of isolator core 10.Isolator core 10 is sequentially connected with including light path
The first positive single axial birefringence chip 11, the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14, the first negative single axial birefringence chip 15 and second
Negative single axial birefringence chip 18.It is sequentially provided between first positive 11 and second positive single axial birefringence chip 14 of single axial birefringence chip
First Faraday module 12 and the first half-wave plate 13；First negative 15 and second negative single axial birefringence of single axial birefringence chip is brilliant
The second Faraday module 16 and the second half-wave plate 17 are sequentially provided between piece 18.Wherein, the first positive single axial birefringence chip
11 is identical with the second positive material of single axial birefringence chip 14 and thickness is identical, the first negative 15 and second negative list of single axial birefringence chip
Axle birefringence 18 materials of chip are identical and thickness is identical.
In above-mentioned embodiment, the collimater 30 of first collimator 20 and second can play preferably coupling effect to light beam
Fruit, as shown in figure 1, light, by the collimated incident of first collimator 20 to the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11, light is passing through first just
After single axial birefringence chip 11, because o light (ordinary light wave) does not reflect, and e light (extraordinary wave) due to occur refraction and
Separated with o light.After inciding the first Faraday module 12 and the first half-wave plate 13 due to o light and e light, polarization face is same respectively
To 45 ° of rotation, that is to say, that under the first Faraday module 12 and the collective effect of the first half-wave plate 13, the polarization of light
Direction have rotated 90 °, and such o light and e light are mutually changed；And then by the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14 after, due to first
Positive single axial birefringence chip 11 is identical with the material of the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14 and thickness is identical, and o light and e light are by the
It will be combined into after two positive single axial birefringence chips 14 a branch of.In addition, in the present embodiment, the first Faraday module 12 for
Light polarization rotation is irreversible, and therefore, the light being reflected back from the second positive grade of single axial birefringence chip 14 optical element will not
Inversely it is transferred into optical fiber, so as to realize isolation effect.
It should be understood that in above-mentioned embodiment, the second Faraday module 16 and the second half-wave plate 17 can will be through
The o light and e light that first negative single axial birefringence chip 15 is isolated carry out polarization and are rotated by 90 ° so that o light and e light are finally through second
Negative single axial birefringence chip 18 closes bundled together to be exported after the focusing of the second collimater 30.Accordingly, second Faraday
Module 16 can also play preferable isolation effect, and then be realized on the basis of the isolation of the first above-mentioned Faraday module 12
Two level is isolated, and improves the isolation of isolator.Overall losses can be reduced to less than 5% by plated film by this isolator, every
More than 50dB is brought up to from degree, is more applicable for building for all-fiber high power optical fibre laser system.Further, since light beam passes through
Lateral attitude offset direction when crossing positive single axial birefringence chip and negative single axial birefringence chip is opposite, that is to say, that certain
Light beam lateral attitude is deviateed and is canceled out in degree.Specifically, by reasonably set the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11,
The thickness of second positive single axial birefringence chip 14, the first negative 15 and second negative single axial birefringence chip 18 of single axial birefringence chip,
It can be completely eliminated and deviate the harmful effect to fiber coupling axiality in this lateral attitude.
Specifically, below for the isolator of 2 mum wavelengths exemplified by, illustrate that positive single axial birefringence chip and negative single shaft are two-fold
The thickness for penetrating chip is set.
Assuming that the first positive single axial birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence wafer material are YVO4, the first negative single shaft
Birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence wafer material are Iceland spar.Design object is that o light hot spot and e light hot spot are horizontal
It is 4mm that position, which is deviateed, is kept completely separate with reaching between o light and e light without overlapping.
E light in [numerical expression 1] birefringence chip is as follows relative to the discrete angle formula of o light：
Here, θ is the angle of the optical axis of incident light and chip, noAnd neO optical indexs and e optical indexs are represented respectively.
[numerical expression 2] e light and o light are through YVO4It is as follows in the dispersion equation difference of refraction：
[numerical expression 3] e light and o light are as follows in the dispersion equation difference reflected through Iceland spar：
Wavelength X=2 μm are substituted into above formula discovery is optimized to crystal thickness, be 45 ° in the optical axis included angle of incident light and crystal
When, design result can be obtained：YVO4Crystal thickness be 40.38mm, the crystal thickness of Iceland spar is 41.50mm.
It should be noted that when designing crystal thickness, it is also contemplated that deviate big in the lateral attitude that spot size is allowed
Small, specifically, crystal thickness can meet that o light and e light are kept completely separate and no overlap as far as possible.Further, it is also possible to from two-fold
It is negative to penetrate bigger the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11 of uniaxial crystal making of coefficient, the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14, first
15 and second negative single axial birefringence chip 18 of single axial birefringence chip, such as TiO2Or CaCO3。
In above-mentioned embodiment, the first positive 11 and second positive single axial birefringence chip 14 of single axial birefringence chip is from identical
Crystalline material, such as YVO4 or TiO2, be so easy to regulate and control the thickness of two positive single axial birefringence chips, its is kept thickness phase
Together, with the presence of the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11 institute's light beam be separated into o light and e the light phase after polarization is rotated by 90 °
Mutually conversion, i.e., be converted to e light through polarization rotation from the o light that the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11 is emitted and incide the second positive single shaft
Birefringence chip 11 is reflected, and is converted to o light through polarization rotation from the e light that the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11 is emitted and is entered
The second positive single axial birefringence chip 11 is mapped to, is just no longer reflected.Due to the first positive single axial birefringence chip 11 and second just
The thickness of single axial birefringence chip 14 is identical, and then o light and e light are gathered one after the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14
Play synthesis light beam.Accordingly, light beam also may be used in the first negative 15 and second negative single axial birefringence chip 18 of single axial birefringence chip
To be made up of selection identical birefringent material, such as Iceland spar or LiNbO3Crystal；So it is easy to regulate and control two negative single shafts
The thickness of birefringence chip, it is set to keep thickness identical.And then the o light and e for isolating the first negative single axial birefringence chip 15
Light can synthesize light beam, no longer go to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married one by one herein after polarization is rotated by 90 ° when inciding the second negative single axial birefringence chip 18
State.
In some embodiments, the collimater 30 of first collimator 20 and second can be Grin lens or convex lens
Mirror, so that incident beam and outgoing beam are collimated and focused on respectively.In addition, first collimator 20, the second collimater 30,
One positive single axial birefringence chip 11, the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14, the first negative single axial birefringence chip 15, the second negative single shaft
Birefringence chip 18, the first Faraday module 12, the first half-wave plate 13, the second Faraday module 16 and the second half-wave
The transmissivity of piece 17 is all higher than 99.5%, at utmost to reduce the overall insertion loss of device, reduce heat load, lifting device
To the applicability of high power laser light.
In above-mentioned embodiment, isolator core 10 is arranged in housing 40, and first collimator 20 is two-fold along the first positive single shaft
The optical direction for penetrating chip 11 is arranged at the side of housing 40, so that the collimated light vertical incidence first through first collimator 20 is just
The end face of single axial birefringence chip 11；Optical direction of second collimater 30 along the second negative single axial birefringence chip 18 is arranged at shell
The opposite side of body 40, enter coupling light so as to be focused on from the second negative emergent light of single axial birefringence chip 18 through the second collimater 30
It is fine.It should be noted that during the collimater 30 of first collimator 20 and second use Grin lens, can also be incited somebody to action by containment vessel
Grin lens are arranged on housing 40.
In above-mentioned embodiment, in the second positive 14 and first negative single axial birefringence chip of single axial birefringence chip in housing 40
Retaining piece 41 is provided between 15, light hole is offered on retaining piece 41, so that light beam goes out from the second positive single axial birefringence chip 14
It is mapped to the first negative single axial birefringence chip 15.It should be noted that the size of light hole is entered according to the radius size of launching spot
Row design.Can neither be excessive, it is excessive then to the occlusion effect unobvious of reflected light；Can not be too small, it is too small, can not ensure into
Penetrating light can all pass through.
In some embodiments, the radius of light hole is more than 3 times of launching spot radius, and less than e light with respect to o light
Deviate size and the difference of 3 times of flare radiuses in lateral attitude.For example, it is 0.5mm to incide the spot radius at light hole, instead
It is 0.6mm to penetrate spot radius, and when lateral attitude deviation is 4mm, the radius of light hole is arranged on 1.5mm and compared between 2.2mm
Properly.
In some embodiments, the collimater 30 of first collimator 20 and second is Grin lens, now, first collimator
20 and second the one end of collimater 30 away from isolator core 10 respectively with the phase welding of Transmission Fibers 50, improve the reliable of isolator
Property.It should be noted that Transmission Fibers 50 can be single mode list cladded-fiber, single-mode double-clad optical fiber or large mode field double clad light
It is fine.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, to make description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality
Apply all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, the scope that this specification is recorded all is considered to be.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Can not therefore it be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that come for one of ordinary skill in the art
Say, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention
Scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of one kind polarization, it is characterised in that including isolator core and positioned at isolator core
The first collimator of both sides and the second collimater；It is brilliant that the isolator core includes the first positive single axial birefringence that light path is sequentially connected with
Piece, the second positive single axial birefringence chip, the first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence chip；Described first just
The first Faraday module and first are sequentially provided between single axial birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence chip
Half-wave plate；Second farad is sequentially provided between the first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence chip
Optically-active module and the second half-wave plate；Wherein, the described first positive single axial birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence are brilliant
Sheet material is identical and thickness is identical, the first negative single axial birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence wafer material phase
With and thickness it is identical.
2. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first positive single shaft
Birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence wafer material are YVO4Or TiO2；The first negative single axial birefringence is brilliant
Piece and the second negative single axial birefringence wafer material are Iceland spar or LiNbO3。
3. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first collimator
For Grin lens or convex lens；Second collimater is Grin lens or convex lens.
4. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when first original
Axle birefringence chip and the second positive single axial birefringence wafer material use YVO4When, YVO4Crystal thickness be
40.38mm。
5. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when the described first negative list
When axle birefringence chip and the second negative single axial birefringence wafer material use Iceland spar, the crystal thickness of Iceland spar is
41.50mm。
6. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first collimation
Device, second collimater, the first positive single axial birefringence chip, the second positive single axial birefringence chip, described first
Negative single axial birefringence chip, the second negative single axial birefringence chip, the first Faraday module, first half-wave plate,
Second Faraday module and the transmissivity of the second half-wave plate are all higher than 99.5%.
7. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including housing, institute
State isolator core to be arranged in the housing, optical direction of the first collimator along the described first positive single axial birefringence chip
The side of the housing is arranged at, so that through the first positive single axial birefringence described in the collimated light vertical incidence of the first collimator
The end face of chip；Optical direction of second collimater along the described second negative single axial birefringence chip is arranged at the housing
Opposite side, enter coupling optical fiber so as to be focused on from the described second negative single axial birefringence chip emergent light through second collimater.
8. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in institute in the housing
State and retaining piece is provided between the second positive single axial birefringence chip and the first negative single axial birefringence chip, offered on the retaining piece
Light hole, so that light beam is emitted to the described first negative single axial birefringence chip from the described second positive single axial birefringence chip.
9. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the first collimator
When with second collimater being Grin lens, the first collimator and second collimater are away from the isolator core
One end respectively with Transmission Fibers phase welding.
10. the unrelated coaxial coupling fibre optic isolater of polarization according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the Transmission Fibers
For single mode list cladded-fiber, single-mode double-clad optical fiber or large mode field doubly clad optical fiber.
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| CN201711224962.5A CN107861268B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Polarization independent coaxial coupling optical fiber isolator |
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| CN201711224962.5A CN107861268B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Polarization independent coaxial coupling optical fiber isolator |
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| CN1402051A (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-12 | 三一光电子有限公司 | Polarization independent type optical isolator and mfg. method thereof |
| CN2499864Y (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2002-07-10 | 福州康顺光通讯有限公司 | Double hole light isolator |
| JP2004029334A (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-01-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Optical isolator module |
| WO2015081806A1 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | 匠研光学科技（上海）有限公司 | Wavelength-independent and temperature-independent faraday rotating mirror |
| CN205910371U (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-25 | 深圳市瑞凯通信科技有限公司 | Doublestage polarization optical isolator that has nothing to do with adjustable |
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