CN107860375A - A kind of landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique - Google Patents
A kind of landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN107860375A CN107860375A CN201711071696.7A CN201711071696A CN107860375A CN 107860375 A CN107860375 A CN 107860375A CN 201711071696 A CN201711071696 A CN 201711071696A CN 107860375 A CN107860375 A CN 107860375A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
- G01C1/02—Theodolites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique, comprise the following steps：Step 1, by three-dimensional laser scanner landslide scene is scanned, the three-dimensional intensive cloud data of the earth's surface behind collection landslide；Step 2, based on SURFER software buildings come down after earth's surface digital elevation model；Step 3, the earth's surface digital elevation model before landslide is simulated according to the peripheral terrain data that comes down；Step 4, according to the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide and landslide before earth's surface digital elevation model, calculate landslide volume.The landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique of the present invention, from three-dimensional laser scanning technique, landslide surface threedimensional model is built by three-dimensional point off density cloud, on the one hand the precision and operating efficiency of landslide volume measurement can be improved, on the other hand the security of measurement can be improved, scientific basis is provided for mountain area work of preventing and reducing natural disasters, is had broad application prospects in disaster prevention decision field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to landslide disaster the condition of a disaster analysis technical field, specifically a kind of cunning based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique
Slope disaster volume rapid extracting method.
Background technology
Landslide is the Major Natural Disasters for hindering mountain area socio-economic development, and volume is an important ginseng of Landslide Features
Number, it is to determine landslide size and determines the Main Basiss of rescue method.It is conventional to inquire into Landslide deposit body in current research field
The method of volume has three kinds.The first is slided by taking photo by plane or obtaining relative region the methods of LIDAR (laser acquisition with measurement)
Terrain data before and after slope, terrain data is so as to obtain Landslide deposit body volume before and after analysis contrast is come down, but comes down with prominent
Hair property feature, it is more difficult to obtain the terrain data before calamity, and the mapping after wide-spread decline spends extremely high, this method
Generally just for the less landslide disaster of area.Second is by establishing between typical landslide accumulation body projected area and volume
Statistical law model inquire into Landslide deposit body volume, but this method lacks mathematics mechanism, also need further to develop.The third
It is most easy method, this method can quickly estimate cunning to carry out volume estimation using the length and width of Landslide deposit body and buried depth
Slope accumulation body volume, but the result precision that this evaluation method obtains is relatively low, error is big, is generally used for preresearch estimates, and
This method needs to carry out field observation to Landslide deposit body.
Further, since by the geological conditions in disaster area, the traffic of high steep side slope, broken rock mass and obstruction, Landslide deposit
The destruction of body may occur at any time, so that field investigation work is difficult to normally carry out reaching because of personnel, it is also possible to
Jeopardize the personal safety of investigator, in this case, traditional investigation measurement method of work is difficult to carry out.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is that three-dimensional laser scanning technique is introduced into specific landslide disaster event
In the Rock And Soil cubing of slip, domatic ground where the landslide before intensive point-cloud fitting landslide by gathering the surrounding that comes down
Shape form, then by the front and rear landform volume vs in itself and landslide, try to achieve slip Rock And Soil volume in specific landslide event, improve and slide
The operating efficiency of slope investigation, improves the precision of landslide volume measurement, and basic data is provided for landslide emergency disposal and hazard management.
It is a further object to provide long-range landslide measuring method, avoids because the reasons such as traffic obstruction can not be surveyed
Amount, and by remote measuring method, reduce the danger that measurement operating personnel suffers a calamity.
To realize object above, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique, comprises the following steps：
Surface data behind step 1, collection landslide
Landslide scene is scanned by three-dimensional laser scanner, the earth's surface three dimensional point cloud behind collection landslide, often
Individual cloud all have recorded the longitude, latitude and elevation information of the point；
Domatic digital elevation model where landslide behind step 2, structure landslide
The cloud data of collection is carried out after rejecting vegetation and vacuating processing, SURFER is imported into or other points cloud processings is soft
In part, automatic Fitting is into the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide；
Slope ground surface digital elevation model where landslide before step 3, simulation landslide
According to the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide, extraction landslide trailing edge and landslide leading edge data, boundary of landslide is drawn
Line, and the intensive collection elevational point on boundary of landslide line, then according to the curvature of landslide surrounding terrain data, in conjunction with whole mountain
The hypsography situation of body, the topographical surface before landslide is fitted according to topography curvature, simulates the landslide institute before landslide
In domatic earth's surface digital elevation model；
Step 4, calculate landslide volume
According to the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide and the earth's surface digital elevation model before landslide, pass through SURFER softwares
Calculate landslide volume.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that：
1st, take into full account that landslide disaster mostly occurs in high mountain gorge, massif is rich, and side slope is steep so that geologic survey work
Make because personnel are difficult to normally carry out reaching the characteristics of, there is provided a kind of landslide disaster body based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique
Product rapid extracting method, from three-dimensional laser scanning technique, landslide surface threedimensional model is built by three-dimensional point off density cloud, on the one hand
The precision and operating efficiency of landslide volume measurement can be improved, on the other hand can improve the security of measurement.
2nd, the landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique, can lack basic money in mountain area
Material, can not reach again in the case of, utilize the basic geological study data of three-dimensional laser scanner acquisition, and microrelief change procedure mould
Intend data, it is quick to identify landslide volume parameter, scientific basis is provided for mountain area work of preventing and reducing natural disasters, is had in disaster prevention decision field
Wide application prospect.
3rd, the volume calculating in the prior art generally for Landslide deposit body is converted into what is formed after occurring for landslide
The volume of depression calculates, and can effectively reduce due to the precision and chi of Landslide deposit bulk area, Landslide deposit body section geometric shape
The error that very little difference is brought, improve the computational accuracy of landslide volume.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of landslide volume computational methods of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the earth's surface digital elevation model behind present invention landslide；
Fig. 3 is the earth's surface digital elevation model before present invention landslide.
Embodiment
Present disclosure is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment
It refer to shown in Fig. 1, the landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method of the invention based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique,
After occurring suitable for landslide event, deposit has occurred and that slip, and landslide scene is the state of depression landslide surface, and it includes following
Step：
Surface data behind step 1, collection landslide
Three-dimensional laser scanning technique improves geological sites investigation and the technical barrier of calamity emergency on micro-scale,
The ability that disaster parameter identifies real-time is improved, while also compensate for mountain area Research foundation weakness and lack geological environment money
The deficiency of material.By introducing three-dimensional laser scanning technique, realize that terrain Simulation, disaster volume parameter quickly identify, can be with
Lack basic data in mountain area, can not reach again in the case of, using the basic geological study data of three-dimensional laser scanner acquisition, and
Microrelief change procedure analogue data, it is quick to identify landslide volume parameter.
Scanning place is tentatively made an on-the-spot survey before scanning, the scheme of architecture of instrument is rationally set.Basis in scanning process
Field condition coordinates alignment system (GPS) to be used together, and the outstanding point in scanning scene, scanning machine site is carried out accurate
Measurement of coordinates, so as in post-processing carry out geodetic coordinates conversion.According to the resemblance at landslide scene, study three-dimensional sharp
Parameter needed for photoscanner measurement landslide volume includes：Come down earth's surface longitude and latitude, the distance of landslide leading edge to scanner, behind landslide
Edge is to the distance of scanner, and come down leading edge sweep span, and come down trailing edge sweep span.After instrument parameter is set, towards cunning
Slope scene carries out multi-angle scanning, record landslide earth's surface cloud data, and completes the splicing of multi-site indoors.Formed after splicing
The three-dimensional intensive cloud data of earth's surface behind landslide, each point cloud have recorded the longitude, latitude and elevation information of the point.
Specifically, the present embodiment is conducted a research experimental work using RIGEL VZ-1000 3 D laser scanning imaging systems,
The historical summary in collection research area first, park scan object, then arrive scene and select suitable visual angle multi-angle frame station, on ground
After the element tasks such as face is levelling, coordinate measure are carried out, start scanning work.Scanning process is as follows：First, based on RISCAN PRO
Software platform, new scanning engineering is established, and import camera parameter and location parameter.Second, in software platform, establish scanning
Stand, for storing the point data such as cloud and photo.3rd, system sweep parameter is set, includes scanning angle, scan progress etc..
Scanning range can be set as 0 ° -360 ° by RISCAN PRO softwares automatically；Before the diatance the object in dialog box
The square frame in face is chosen, and scanning accuracy can be set as 0.35 by software automatically, now be meant at 10m radius, every
3.5cm scans point (can according to be actually needed sets itself scanning accuracy)；OK is clicked on, system will be scanned automatically.
Earth's surface digital elevation model behind step 2, structure landslide
Data prediction uses RISCAN PRO Point Cloud Processing softwares, removes otiose cloud data, such as mould
Frame around type etc.；Remove the noise caused by thick air a large amount of tiny carbon granules and impurity etc. in measurement process
Point.According to the order of scanning movement, using the index point of the same name in adjacent scanning movement overlay region, the Coordinate Conversion at each station is asked for successively
Parameter, then error distribution is weighted by closure condition to sequence coordinate conversion parameter, thus obtain the final seat of each scanning movement
Transformation model is marked, and Coordinate Transformation Models carry out coordinate transform to each station scanning element cloud according to this, and their unifications are arrived into item coordinates
Under system, the seamless spliced result of multistation scanning element cloud is finally given.Because three-dimensional laser scanning technique is to survey area space to whole
The scanning of information, contain all information of earth's surface.The trees vegetation of topographical surface and the presence of atural object can influence computational accuracy,
The vegetation of slope surface is rejected using the vegetation removing function of RISCAN PRO softwares.Because its detailed information is excessive, can lead
Cause contour disorderly, therefore, will typically reject the cloud data after non-geomorphic factors and taken out by the density of mapping requirement
It is dilute.Finally import data in SURFER softwares, in SURFER softwares, first with Grid-data functions, cloud number will be put
According to gridding, then using SURFER MAP-3D wireframe orders, the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide, knot are drawn
Fruit such as Fig. 2.
Earth's surface digital elevation model before step 3, simulation landslide
After occurring the present invention be directed to the event that comes down, deposit has occurred and that the state after sliding, and will inquire into Landslide deposit
The volume of body, change into the volume for inquiring into depression caused by landslide.The cloud data gathered in step 1 is the earth's surface number behind landslide
According to equivalent to the bottom surface of depression, in order to inquire into the volume of depression, it must be determined that the surface data before landslide, that is, the surface being recessed.
Earth's surface digital elevation model behind the landslide built according to step 2, extraction landslide trailing edge and landslide leading edge data, draw landslide side
Boundary line, and the intensive collection elevational point on boundary of landslide line, then according to the curvature of landslide surrounding terrain data, in conjunction with whole
The hypsography situation of massif, the topographical surface before landslide is fitted according to topography curvature, simulated by SURFER softwares
The earth's surface digital elevation model gone out before landslide, as a result such as Fig. 3.
Step 4, calculate landslide volume
According to the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide and the earth's surface digital elevation model before landslide, pass through SURFER softwares
Volume calculating instrument calculate landslide volume.Specifically, landslide is calculated respectively using the volume function inside SURFER softwares
Ground annular volume after preceding ground annular volume and landslide, the difference between the two is landslide volume.
Above-listed detailed description is illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiment simultaneously is not used to limit this hair
Bright protection domain, all equivalence enforcements or change without departing from carried out by the present invention, it is intended to be limited solely by the protection domain of this case.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of landslide disaster volume rapid extracting method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
Surface data behind step 1, collection landslide
Landslide scene is scanned by three-dimensional laser scanner, the earth's surface three dimensional point cloud behind collection landslide, Mei Gedian
Cloud all have recorded the longitude, latitude and elevation information of the point；
Domatic digital elevation model where landslide behind step 2, structure landslide
The cloud data of collection is carried out after rejecting vegetation and vacuating processing, imported into SURFER or other points cloud processing softwares
In, automatic Fitting is into the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide；
Slope ground surface digital elevation model where landslide before step 3, simulation landslide
According to the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide, extraction landslide trailing edge and landslide leading edge data, boundary of landslide line is drawn, and
The intensive collection elevational point on boundary of landslide line, then according to the curvature of landslide surrounding terrain data, in conjunction with whole massif
Hypsography situation, the topographical surface before landslide is fitted according to topography curvature, simulates slope where the landslide before landslide
The earth's surface digital elevation model in face；
Step 4, calculate landslide volume
According to the earth's surface digital elevation model behind landslide and the earth's surface digital elevation model before landslide, calculated by SURFER softwares
Go out landslide volume.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112908137A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 陕西核工业工程勘察院有限公司 | Landslide motion simulation system and method |
| CN113362459A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-09-07 | 成都理工大学 | Characteristic extraction method for damaged boundary of rock landslide |
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| CN112908137A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 陕西核工业工程勘察院有限公司 | Landslide motion simulation system and method |
| CN113362459A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-09-07 | 成都理工大学 | Characteristic extraction method for damaged boundary of rock landslide |
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