CN107856527B - 一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置 - Google Patents
一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,属于工程机械领域,本发明由推土机动力源、驱动电机、转向模块、驱动模块、差速转向装置及用于分配动力的无级变速机构,转向模块包括双向离合器及齿轮传动副,驱动模块包括单向离合器与齿轮传动副。本发明提供了一种串联式混合动力推土机的无级变速机构,在单电机动力输入的情况下,通过对离合器连接与断开的控制,实现推土机直线行驶、原地转向、行进中转向等动作,通过对无级变速机构调速轮盘的调整,改变驱动轴与转向轴的速比,实现推土机不同半径下的精确转弯,提高了推土机的形行驶稳定性与工作效率,本发明结构简单、部件少、控制简单、传动效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工程机械技术领域,具体涉及一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,它采用单电机驱动,并利用无级变速机构、双向离合器和单向离合器来进行动力分配以及实现差速转向机构的无极转向。
背景技术
现有的电传动推土机或混合动力推土机驱动***中,一般采用多个电机或电机与液压马达联合的形式进行驱动,当推土机直线行走时,由一个或两个电机提供动力,此时控制转向的电机或液压马达不工作,当需要差速转向时,则由转向电机或液压马达来提供动力。
在使用液压马达来提供转向动力的***中,需要额外增加液压***,因此使***结构变得复杂,整机造价增高,液压***的维护成本高、突变载荷下性能不稳定等特点也使得推土机的日常维护变得复杂、使用成本增大,液压***较低的能量利用率同样不适用于串联式混合动***。在多电机驱动的***中,尽管没有了机械能与液压能相互转换的环节,电机数量过多增加了传动***的体积,使结构布置变得复杂,同时也增加了整机的重量,电机数量越多也使得***控制越复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对串联式混合动力推土机中液压***结构复杂、成本高、能量效率低的问题;多电机***布置空间和控制复杂的问题。提供一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,采用新的差速驱动模块和单电机驱动,并通过对无级变速机构及离合器的控制,实现推土机行驶与转向的动力分配及差速机构精确的无极转向。
实现本发明的技术方案结合附图说明如下:
一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,主要由推土机动力源1、驱动电机2、无级变速机构3、驱动模块、转向模块及差速转向机构组成,所述推土机动力源1由发动机、发电机、逆变器、动力电池组串联构成,所述驱动电机2为纵向布置,所述无级变速机构3位于驱动电机2和驱动模块、转向模块之间,所述无级变速机构3的调速轮盘3-1和调速轮盘3-2均能进行收紧和放松调节,分别通过驱动模块和转向模块与差速转向机构连接。
所述驱动模块由驱动轴31、单向离合器5、轴Ⅱ33、锥齿轮Ⅳ10、锥齿轮Ⅴ11和驱动圆柱齿轮12构成,所述驱动轴31和轴Ⅱ33一端分别与调速轮盘3-2和锥齿轮Ⅳ10相连,另一端分别与单向离合器5相连,所述锥齿轮Ⅴ11与锥齿轮Ⅳ10相互啮合并与驱动圆柱齿轮12固连,所述驱动圆柱齿轮12与差速转向机构中的圆柱齿轮23相互啮合。
所述转向模块由转向轴32、双向离合器4、空心轴29、轴Ⅰ30、锥齿轮Ⅰ6、锥齿轮Ⅲ9、锥齿轮Ⅱ8和转向圆柱齿轮7构成,
所述转向轴32和轴Ⅰ30一端分别与调速轮盘3-1和锥齿轮Ⅱ8相连,另一端分别与双向离合器4相连,所述空心轴29套装于轴Ⅰ30上,两端分别与双向离合器4和锥齿轮Ⅰ6相连,所述锥齿轮Ⅲ9与转向圆柱齿轮7固连,锥齿轮Ⅲ9分别与锥齿轮Ⅰ6和锥齿轮Ⅱ8相互啮合,所述转向圆柱齿轮7与差速转向机构中的齿圈Ⅰ14相互啮合。
所述的推土机动力源1与驱动电机2和无级变速机构3中的调速轮盘3-2串联连接。
所述的双向离合器4分为A、B两端,其中A、B两端不能同时处于连接状态。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)相较于传统的双功率流驱动的串联是混合动力推土机,通过单一驱动电机实现对推土机驱动与转向功率需求的分配,减少了驱动电机或液压马达的数量,从而使驱动***的体积得到优化;
(2)结构简单紧凑,没有过于复杂的齿轮传动机构,从而使推土机驱动***的布置更加合理;
(3)电机或液压马达数量的减少使得***的控制变得更简单,通过对无级变速机构调速轮盘或离合器的控制即可达到推土机无级变速或无极转向的目的。
附图说明
图1单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置结构示意图
图2无级变速机构、驱动模块及转向模块的结构示意图
其中:1.推土机动力源、2.驱动电机、3.无级变速机构、3-1.调速轮盘、3-2.调速轮盘、4.双向离合器、5.单向离合器、6.锥齿轮Ⅰ、7.转向圆柱齿轮、8.锥齿轮Ⅱ、9.锥齿轮Ⅲ、10.锥齿轮Ⅳ、11.锥齿轮Ⅴ、12.驱动圆柱齿轮、13.左输出轴、14.齿圈Ⅰ、15.行星轮Ⅰ、16.太阳轮Ⅰ、17.主传动轴、18.行星架Ⅰ、19.齿圈Ⅱ、20.行星轮Ⅱ、21.太阳轮Ⅱ、22.行星架Ⅱ、23.圆柱齿轮、24.齿圈Ⅲ、25.行星架Ⅲ、26.右输出轴、27.行星轮Ⅲ、28.太阳轮Ⅲ、29.空心轴、30.轴Ⅰ、31.驱动轴、32.转向轴、33.轴Ⅱ
具体实施方式
在串联式混合动力推土机行驶过程中,其行驶状态该以分为直线行驶、原地转向及转向行驶三种状态:
1.直线行驶状态:从推土机动力源1中发出的动力直接由发电机发出电力,经过功率逆变器及动力电池组传到驱动电机2上,此时双向离合器4断开,转向模块失去动力,单向离合器5连接,动力由驱动模块传递至差速转向机构的圆柱齿轮23上,而此时转向圆柱齿轮7被固定,这样才能保证左输出轴13、右输出轴26输出大小相等方向相同的转速。驱动电机控制单元根据推土机的前进或后退决定驱动电机2的转向,变频控制器通过控制驱动电机2的转速来决定推土机直线行驶的速度。
2.原地转向行驶状态:与直线行驶状态不同的是,当动力从驱动电机2输出后,此时单向离合器5断开,驱动模块失去动力,双向离合器4A端或B端连接,动力由转向模块的锥齿轮Ⅰ6或锥齿轮Ⅱ8经由锥齿轮Ⅲ9、转向圆柱齿轮传递至差速转向机构的齿圈Ⅰ14上,而此时驱动圆柱齿轮12被固定,之后动力分为两路,一路经由行星轮Ⅰ15、行星架Ⅰ18至左输出轴13,另一路经由太阳轮Ⅱ21、主传动轴17、太阳轮Ⅲ28、行星轮Ⅲ27、行星架Ⅲ25至右输出轴26,这样才能保证左输出轴13、右输出轴26输出大小相等方向相反的转速。驱动电机控制单元根据推土机原地转向的方向决定驱动电机2的转向,双向离合器同样可以控制原地转向的方向,变频控制器通过控制驱动电机2的转速来决定推土机原地转向的速度。
3.转向行驶状态:此时双向离合器4及单向离合器5均处于连接状态,动力同时从驱动模块及转向模块传递至差速转向机构,推土机的状态相当于直线行驶状态与原地转向状态同时存在。(1)当推土机向左缓转弯时,此时双向离合器4中的A端处于连接状态,转向动力由空心轴29输入,控制单元使无级变速机构中的调速轮盘3-1向内收紧或调速轮盘3-2向外放松,此时转向轴32与驱动轴31速比小于1;(2)当推土机向左急转弯时,此时双向离合器4中的A端处于连接状态,而此时调速轮盘3-1逐渐向外放松或调速轮盘3-2逐渐向内收紧,此时转向轴32与驱动轴31的速比逐渐增大,推土机转向半径逐渐变小;(3)当推土机向右缓转弯时,此时双向离合器4中的B端处于连接状态,转向动力由轴30输入,控制单元使无级变速机构中的调速轮盘3-1向内收紧或调速轮盘3-2向外放松,此时转向轴32与驱动轴31速比小于1;(4)当推土机向左急转弯时,此时双向离合器4中的B端处于连接状态,而此时调速轮盘3-1逐渐向外放松或调速轮盘3-2逐渐向内收紧,此时转向轴32与驱动轴31的速比逐渐增大,推土机转向半径逐渐变小。
Claims (3)
1.一种单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,主要由推土机动力源(1)、驱动电机(2)、无级变速机构(3)、驱动模块、转向模块及差速转向机构组成,所述推土机动力源(1)由发动机、发电机、逆变器、动力电池组串联构成,其特征在于:
所述驱动电机(2)为纵向布置,所述无级变速机构(3)位于驱动电机(2)和驱动模块、转向模块之间,所述无级变速机构(3)的第一调速轮盘(3-1)和第二调速轮盘(3-2)均能进行收紧和放松调节,分别通过驱动模块和转向模块与差速转向机构连接;
所述驱动模块由驱动轴(31)、单向离合器(5)、轴Ⅱ(33)、锥齿轮Ⅳ(10)、锥齿轮Ⅴ(11)和驱动圆柱齿轮(12)构成,所述驱动轴(31)和轴Ⅱ(33)一端分别与第二调速轮盘(3-2)和锥齿轮Ⅳ(10)相连,另一端分别与单向离合器(5)相连,所述锥齿轮Ⅴ(11)与锥齿轮Ⅳ(10)相互啮合并与驱动圆柱齿轮(12)固连,所述驱动圆柱齿轮(12)与差速转向机构中的圆柱齿轮(23)相互啮合;
所述的推土机动力源(1)与驱动电机(2)和无级变速机构(3)中的第二调速轮盘(3-2)串联连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,其特征在于:
所述转向模块由转向轴(32)、双向离合器(4)、空心轴(29)、轴Ⅰ(30)、锥齿轮Ⅰ(6)、锥齿轮Ⅲ(9)、锥齿轮Ⅱ(8)和转向圆柱齿轮(7)构成,
所述转向轴(32)和轴Ⅰ(30)一端分别与第一调速轮盘(3-1)和锥齿轮Ⅱ(8)相连,另一端分别与双向离合器(4)相连,所述空心轴(29)套装于轴Ⅰ(30)上,两端分别与双向离合器(4)和锥齿轮Ⅰ(6)相连,所述锥齿轮Ⅲ(9)与转向圆柱齿轮(7)固连,锥齿轮Ⅲ(9)分别与锥齿轮Ⅰ(6)和锥齿轮Ⅱ(8)相互啮合,所述转向圆柱齿轮(7)与差速转向机构中的齿圈Ⅰ(14)相互啮合。
3.如权利要求2所述的单电机驱动的串联式混合动力推土机差速行走装置,其特征在于:
所述双向离合器(4)分为A、B两端,其中A、B两端不能同时处于连接状态。
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