CN107835896B - 用于燃料喷射器的切换阀以及燃料喷射器 - Google Patents

用于燃料喷射器的切换阀以及燃料喷射器 Download PDF

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CN107835896B
CN107835896B CN201680040789.0A CN201680040789A CN107835896B CN 107835896 B CN107835896 B CN 107835896B CN 201680040789 A CN201680040789 A CN 201680040789A CN 107835896 B CN107835896 B CN 107835896B
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switching valve
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valve according
fuel injector
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CN107835896A (zh
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M·克劳泽
L·奥勒姆斯
T·米勒
S·阿梅朗
T·尼埃里克罗
O·蒂克尔
A·施瑙费尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0014Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043Two-way valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/007Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0073Pressure balanced valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/007Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0078Valve member details, e.g. special shape, hollow or fuel passages in the valve member
    • F02M63/008Hollow valve members, e.g. members internally guided
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/02Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/04Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding effect of cavitation, e.g. erosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
    • F02M2200/8046Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly the manufacture involving injection moulding, e.g. of plastic or metal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9007Ceramic materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于燃料喷射器、尤其共轨燃料喷射器的切换阀,其包括可往复运动的衔铁(1),所述衔铁为了接收和引导能够相对于所述衔铁(1)运动的衔铁销(2)而被轴向孔(3)穿过。根据本发明,所述衔铁(1)完全地或部分地由金属陶瓷复合材料制成和/或具有至少区段地限界轴向孔(3)的、由陶瓷材料构成的所述套筒(4)。本发明还涉及一种具有这种切换阀的燃料喷射器。

Description

用于燃料喷射器的切换阀以及燃料喷射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于燃料喷射器的切换阀。本发明还涉及一种具有这种切换阀的燃料喷射器、尤其共轨燃料喷射器。
背景技术
上述类型的切换阀用于控制喷嘴针的往复运动。根据切换阀的切换位置,将控制室中的加载喷嘴针的液压压力升高或降低,使得在压力升高的情况下,在关闭方向上给喷嘴针加载液压关闭力,在压力降低的情况下对喷嘴针进行卸载。在卸载的情况下,喷嘴针打开,即其释放至少一个喷射开口,然后则通过该喷射开口进行喷射。
由公开文献DE 102011077179 A1已知一种用于压缩空气的自点火式内燃机的燃料喷射阀的电磁阀,该电磁阀包括由衔铁板和衔铁杆组成的衔铁。通过衔铁板将电磁阀的电磁致动器的磁路闭合。因此在选择衔铁板的材料时,优先考虑对其磁特性的要求。相应地,为衔铁选择磁性材料、例如铁和/或硅和/或磷。衔铁的衔铁杆具有多个功能。首先,在衔铁杆的长度上引导衔铁。其次,衔铁杆的下区段将电磁阀关闭。因此,衔铁杆的材料必须具有尤其高的耐磨强度和抗冲击强度。因此,针对衔铁杆提出一种具有高碳化物含量的材料。替代地,陶瓷、硬金属或金属陶瓷应该可以用作材料。为了确保牢固的连接,衔铁板与衔铁杆材料锁合地彼此连接。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术,本发明基于以下任务:提出一种用于燃料喷射器的切换阀,该切换阀尤其在热影响方面具有更高的稳健性,因此具有更高的功能可靠性。
为了解决该任务,提出一种切换阀。本发明还提出有利的扩展方案。还提出一种具有这种切换阀的燃料喷射器、尤其共轨燃料喷射器。
所提出的切换阀包括可往复运动的衔铁,该衔铁为了接收和引导能够相对于衔铁运动的衔铁销而被轴向孔穿过。根据本发明,衔铁完全地或部分地由金属陶瓷复合材料(“Metal Matrix Composite”,MMC)制成和/或具有至少区段地限界轴向孔的、由陶瓷材料构成的套筒。也就是说,在任何情况下都包含提高衔铁耐磨强度的陶瓷材料。
如果衔铁完全地或部分地由金属陶瓷复合材料制成,则至少用于接收和引导衔铁销的区域是由这种复合材料制成的。因为在该区域中,衔铁和衔铁销都承受特别强的磨损。
替代地或补充地,可以使用陶瓷套筒来引导衔铁销。
此外,陶瓷材料具有相对较低的导热性。因此通过将金属陶瓷复合材料或陶瓷材料在引导衔铁销的区域中布置在衔铁中,实现了衔铁与衔铁销之间的一种热分隔,该热分隔保护衔铁免受引导区域中有规律地出现的高温的影响。这导致切换阀的温度变化较小。尤其使衔铁行程不受热影响,使得功能可靠性也随衔铁行程的准确性一起提高。
陶瓷材料的已经提及的高耐磨强度还具有以下效果:衔铁抵抗气蚀和/或腐蚀的抵抗力增加。因此,可以不采用如今经常用来对抗衔铁销磨损的衔铁销涂层。
在衔铁的引导区域中使用陶瓷套筒的情况下,上述优点最为明显。然而,金属陶瓷复合材料的使用具有简化衔铁制造的优点。所述复合材料中的金属含量和陶瓷含量如此选择,使得该复合材料具有足够的磁特性的同时具有低导热性。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,陶瓷套筒延伸直到衔铁的至少一个端面。优选地,套筒在衔铁的整个轴向延伸尺度上延伸。也就是说,用于引导衔铁销的轴向孔完全由套筒衬覆。以这种方式,实现特别有效的热分隔。同时,可以将陶瓷套筒的至少一个端面用作止挡面和/或密封面,这又导致磨损减小。
在本发明的扩展方案中提出,衔铁或套筒构成与切换阀的阀座密封地共同作用的密封轮廓。因此,可以不采用独立的阀关闭元件,由此简化切换阀的构造。如果衔铁构成密封轮廓,则该密封轮廓优选构造在衔铁的杆状区段上,该杆状区段此外优选由金属陶瓷复合材料构成。如果套筒构成密封轮廓,则该密封轮廓优选在套筒的凸缘区段上实现,以便也在该密封轮廓区域中提高衔铁和阀件的耐磨强度。
为了制造衔铁和/或套筒,提出粉末注射成型方法(“Powder InjectionMolding”,PIM)。只要设置陶瓷套筒,则该陶瓷套筒优选与衔铁固定地、尤其材料锁合地连接。在制造衔铁和套筒时,该材料锁合的连接可以通过粉末注射成型方法实现。在此则不必事后将衔铁和套筒接合,使得可以省去这一工作步骤。这对制造成本有有利的影响。
有利地,衔铁的材料和套筒的材料——只要这样设置的话——具有基本上相同的热膨胀系数。该措施有助于避免衔铁中的由热造成的应力。
优选地,将二氧化锆(ZrO2)用作陶瓷材料。因为二氧化锆具有与钢基本上相同的热膨胀系数。因此,套筒的陶瓷材料同样优选涉及二氧化锆或至少在套筒的陶瓷材料中包含二氧化锆。
二氧化锆的导热性约为2至3W/mK并且因此比钢(约40至60W/mK)低得多,使得这种材料理想地适用于形成衔铁与衔铁销之间的热分隔。
在围绕套筒的衔铁所需的磁特性方面提出,该衔铁完全地或部分地由铁磁材料、尤其由铁钴合金制成。在这种情况下,重点明确在于衔铁的磁特性,而耐磨强度则由陶瓷套筒确保。
此外,提出一种用于燃料喷射***、尤其共轨喷射***的燃料喷射器,其具有根据本发明的用于控制喷射的切换阀。因为根据本发明的切换阀对温度特别不敏感,所以不仅提高切换阀的功能可靠性,而且也提高燃料喷射器的功能可靠性。因此,可以更精准地控制喷射。
附图说明
以下根据附图进一步阐述本发明的优选实施方式。附图示出:
图1根据第一优选实施方式示出在燃料喷射器中使用的根据本发明的切换阀的示意性纵截面;
图2根据第二优选实施方式示出在燃料喷射器中使用的根据本发明的切换阀的示意性纵截面。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的切换阀包括构造为扁平衔铁的衔铁1,该衔铁具有板状区段11和杆状区段9。杆状区段9具有端面5,该端面构成与切换阀的阀座7共同作用的密封轮廓8。为了接收和引导衔铁销2,衔铁1被轴向孔3穿过。
因为衔铁销2能够相对于衔铁1相对运动地被接收在轴向孔3中,所以衔铁1的引导区域在切换阀的运行中受到很强的机械负荷。因此,必须至少在引导区域中提高衔铁1的机械强度。此外,在引导间隙12中可能会产生高温,这又可能会对衔铁1的行程有影响。为了抑制这种情况,图1的切换阀的衔铁1具有限界轴向孔3的陶瓷套筒4,该陶瓷套筒与衔铁1材料锁合地连接。陶瓷套筒4不仅提高衔铁1在引导区域中的耐磨强度,而且还提高其温度不敏感性。因为套筒4的陶瓷材料由于其相对较低的导热性而引起衔铁1与衔铁销2的热分隔,所以使得衔铁行程的温度变化明显降低。
由于当前套筒4形式的陶瓷材料限于引导区域,所以还可以实现高磁力。因为此外衔铁1可以由铁磁材料、例如由铁钴合金制成。
此外,为了衔铁1的耐磨强度,衔铁可以由金属陶瓷复合材料构成,只要该材料具有令人满意的磁特性。
此外可以实现,衔铁1完全由这种金属陶瓷复合材料制成。在这种情况下,可以不采用套筒4。
从图2可得出图1的切换阀的变型方案。该变型方案在于套筒4的一种改变的实施方案。因为该套筒延伸直到衔铁1的杆状区段9的端面5并且具有凸缘区段10,该凸缘区段构成与阀座7共同作用的密封轮廓8。因此,套筒4的陶瓷材料的高耐磨强度还在密封座的区域中起作用。除此之外,图2的切换阀相应于图1的切换阀。
图1和图2中示出的切换阀按下述方式工作:
如果给布置在衔铁1上方的、环状电磁线圈13通电,则形成磁场,该磁场的磁力使衔铁1向上运动,直到该衔铁以端面6止挡在极体14上。在此,衔铁1从阀座7抬起并且将切换阀打开。为了关闭切换阀,终止对电磁线圈13的通电,使得衔铁弹簧15的弹簧力使衔铁1返回到阀座7中并且将切换阀关闭,该衔铁弹簧通过调节环16间接地支撑在衔铁1的端面6上。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于燃料喷射器的切换阀,其包括能往复运动的衔铁(1),所述衔铁具有杆状区段,为了接收和引导能够相对于所述衔铁(1)运动的衔铁销(2),一轴向孔(3)穿过所述杆状区段,
其特征在于,
所述衔铁(1)具有至少区段地限界所述轴向孔(3)的、由陶瓷材料构成的套筒(4),其中,所述套筒(4)将用于引导所述衔铁销(2)的所述轴向孔完全衬覆,并且,所述衔铁(1)构成与所述切换阀的阀座(7)密封地共同作用的密封轮廓(8),其中,所述密封轮廓(8)构造在所述衔铁(1)的杆状区段(9)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述套筒(4)延伸直到所述衔铁(1)的至少一个端面(5,6)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述衔铁(1)和/或所述套筒(4)已经在粉末注射成型方法中被制造出。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述套筒(4)与所述衔铁(1)固定地连接。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述衔铁(1)的材料和所述套筒(4)的材料具有基本上相同的热膨胀系数。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述套筒(4)的陶瓷材料是二氧化锆或包含二氧化锆。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述衔铁(1)完全地或部分地由铁磁材料制成。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述燃料喷射器是共轨燃料喷射器。
9.根据权利要求4所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述套筒(4)与所述衔铁(1)材料锁合连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述材料锁合连接已经在粉末注射成型方法中被制造出。
11.根据权利要求7所述的切换阀,
其特征在于,所述衔铁(1)完全地或部分地由铁钴合金制成。
12.一种用于燃料喷射***的燃料喷射器,其具有根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的切换阀,该切换阀用于控制喷射。
13.根据权利要求12所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述燃料喷射***是共轨喷射***。
CN201680040789.0A 2015-07-14 2016-06-29 用于燃料喷射器的切换阀以及燃料喷射器 Active CN107835896B (zh)

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DE102011077179A1 (de) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anker für ein Magnetventil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ankers

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DE102011078407A1 (de) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltventil zur Steuerung eines Kraftstoffinjektors und Kraftstoffinjektor
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DE102011077179A1 (de) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anker für ein Magnetventil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ankers

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