CN107834590A - A kind of photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107834590A CN107834590A CN201711204933.2A CN201711204933A CN107834590A CN 107834590 A CN107834590 A CN 107834590A CN 201711204933 A CN201711204933 A CN 201711204933A CN 107834590 A CN107834590 A CN 107834590A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H02J3/383—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor, including several photovoltaic cells for being serially connected, the input of the circuit connection high pressure combining inverter after series connection；The output end connection AC network of high pressure combining inverter；Several DC DC converters that input connects one to one with the output end of each photovoltaic cells respectively, and several energy-storage units to be connected one to one respectively with the output end of each DC DC converters；Several First partial controllers to be connected one to one respectively with the control terminal of each DC DC converters, for making each photovoltaic cells be separately operable under preset high-pressure bus current in respective maximum power point；The second local control being connected with the control terminal of high pressure combining inverter；Central controller.DC DC converters are not directly connected to high voltage dc bus in the present invention, reduce cost, improve generating efficiency, and avoid the generation of hot spot phenomenon as far as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, more particularly to a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation and its
Method.
Background technology
New energy is the important component of energy supply system.Large-scale development new energy has turned into many countries and promoted
The core content of energy transition and the important channel of reply climate change.Receiving of the low-voltage network to new energy is limited in one's ability,
Therefore high-voltage fence is directly accessed by as the inexorable trend of extensive new energy grid-connected power.It is defeated due to single photovoltaic cells
It is relatively low to go out voltage, to realize that its high pressure is grid-connected, it usually needs improve photovoltaic generating system by the way of photovoltaic cells series connection
Voltage class.
At present to use at photovoltaic cells both ends and connect DC-DC converter, shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 provides for prior art more
A kind of photovoltaic generating system structural representation.DC-DC converter does not work in the case of uniform illumination, local when occurring
During shade, the electric current that DC-DC module need to only be maintained to flow through each tandem photovoltaic unit is consistent, just can be by caused by whole photovoltaic system
Most of power transmission can effectively improve generating efficiency, while avoid the multi-peak phenomenon of characteristics of output power on power network.
But under this mode, because DC-DC converter is directly connected to high voltage dc bus, therefore, all DC-DC
Converter stress levels all necessarily be greater than high voltage dc bus voltage, cause the cost of photovoltaic generating system to be significantly increased.Due to
Cost is too high, leads to not configure a DC-DC converter in parallel for each photovoltaic cells, then by same DC-DC become
Several tandem photovoltaic cell currents of parallel operation control are equal, therefore in the case of local shades, face these photovoltaic cells it
Between can not work from maximum power point, generating efficiency is low, and produces hot spot phenomenon, photovoltaic cells is caused damage etc. and asked
Topic.
Therefore, how the photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor that a kind of cost is low and generating efficiency is high is provided
It is that those skilled in the art need to solve the problems, such as at present.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor, DC-DC converter is simultaneously
High voltage dc bus is not directly connected to, reduces cost, improves generating efficiency, and avoids the production of hot spot phenomenon as far as possible
It is raw.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation, including：
Several photovoltaic cells being serially connected, the positive and negative terminal of the circuit after the photovoltaic cells series connection is respectively by corresponding
HVDC transmission line connection high pressure combining inverter input；
The high pressure combining inverter, the output end of the high pressure combining inverter are connected with AC network；
Several DC-DC converters that input connects one to one with the output end of each photovoltaic cells respectively,
And several energy-storage units to be connected one to one respectively with the output end of each DC-DC converter；The DC-DC becomes
The photovoltaic cells that parallel operation is used to control the energy-storage units being connected with itself with itself to be connected provide compensation electric current；
Several First partial controllers to be connected one to one respectively with the control terminal of each DC-DC converter；
The First partial controller is used for according to photovoltaic cells corresponding to itself the currently electric current in maximum power point and default height
Press bus current to produce the output that pulse drive signal controls the DC-DC converter, make each photovoltaic cells described
It is separately operable under preset high-pressure bus current in respective maximum power point；
The second local control being connected with the control terminal of the high pressure combining inverter, for generating driving pulse control
The output of the high pressure combining inverter；
Central controller, the input of the central controller respectively with each First partial controller and described
The output end connection of second local control, the output end of the central controller and the input of second local control
Connection；The active power set-point that the central controller is used to calculate high pressure combining inverter described in the following n period is concurrent
Second local control is given to be controlled.
Preferably, in addition to respectively several current sensing means to be connected one to one with each photovoltaic cells,
The current sensing means is used to detect the electric current of corresponding photovoltaic cells and sent to corresponding First partial controller, described
Current sensing means output end connects with the input of corresponding First partial controller.
Preferably, in addition to electric quantity detection apparatus, the input of the electric quantity detection apparatus are connected with the energy-storage units,
The output end of the electric quantity detection apparatus is connected with the central controller.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention also offers a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission method for electrically, based on
Device described in upper any one, methods described include：
First partial controller obtains electric current of the photovoltaic cells in maximum power point in real time；
Electric current and preset high-pressure bus current according to the maximum power point produce the first pulse drive signal and sent
To DC-DC converter, the DC-DC converter control energy-storage units are made to provide the compensation electric current of particular size to the photovoltaic list
Member, the photovoltaic cells are made to run on the maximum power point of itself, and electric current caused by the photovoltaic cells itself and the DC-
The compensation electric current sum that DC converters provide is equal to the preset high-pressure bus current；
By the DC supply input high pressure combining inverter in the HVDC transmission line, the second local control produces
Second drive pulse signal controls the high pressure combining inverter to be converted to the direct current in the HVDC transmission line
Alternating current is simultaneously inputted to AC network.
Preferably, the method for the first pulse drive signal of the First partial controller generation includes：
To predesigned compensation given value of current value photovoltaic cells corresponding to what is obtained in real time between the electric current of maximum power point
Deviation carries out the dutycycle that PI controls produce the DC-DC converter；
First pulse drive signal is obtained to dutycycle progress pulse width modulation and is sent to the DC-DC converter
It is controlled.
Preferably, the method for the second pulse drive signal of the second local control generation includes：
Set-point and the high pressure combining inverter to the high pressure combining inverter input AC network re-active power
The deviation of input AC network re-active power measured value carries out PI controls, produces d axle control voltages；
Set-point and the high pressure combining inverter to the high pressure combining inverter input AC power system reactive power
The deviation of input AC power system reactive power measured value carries out PI controls, produces q axle control voltages；
The d axles control voltage and the q axles control voltage are subjected to rotary/static conversion and space vector pulse width modulation
Afterwards, obtain the second pulse drive signal and be sent to the high pressure combining inverter being controlled.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the set-point of the high pressure combining inverter input AC network re-active power include：
Obtain and according to the current residual electricity of each energy-storage units, the Spot Price of following n period, Yi Jiwei
Carry out the average output power and average output voltage of n period illumination and the photovoltaic cells corresponding to temperature prediction result, calculate
Go out the active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter described in the following n period.
Preferably, current residual electricity, the Spot Price of following n period according to each energy-storage units,
And the average output power and average output electricity of following n period illumination and the photovoltaic cells corresponding to temperature prediction result
Pressure, the method for calculating the active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter described in the following n period specifically include：
Step S1：It is random initial in the range of the power rating of the DC-DC converter and the high pressure combining inverter
Change speed and the position of population, speed and position as each particle period 1；The population is by z particle
Composition, each position of the particle in hyperspace are represented as the vector of following form：
X (k)=[P (1, k), P (2, k) ..., P (n, k)]T, k=1,2 ..., z
P (i, k) is active power set-point of k-th of particle in high pressure combining inverter described in the i-th moment；
Step S2：Calculate the initialization fitness value of each particle；It is total that the fitness value is equal to the following n period
Electricity charge income subtracts each energy-storage units dump energy and exceedes penalty function caused by allowed band in any one period；Will
Initial history optimum position of the position of the period 1 of each particle as each particle, from the institute of period 1
State and the maximum particle of fitness is selected in population and as the initial global history optimum position of the population；
Step S3：According to the speed in a cycle on each particle, the position of a upper cycle each particle
The position of distance, a upper cycle each particle with the history optimum position of itself and current global history optimum bit
The speed that each described this cycle of particle is calculated the distance between is put, according to the position of a upper cycle each particle
The position that each described this cycle of particle is calculated with the speed of each particle in this cycle is put, calculation formula is as follows：
vt+1(k) it is the speed in described this cycle of particle, vt(k) it is the speed in a cycle on the particle, xt+1(k) for institute
State the position in this cycle of particle, xt(k) it is the position in a cycle on the particle, Plb(k) gone through for a cycle on the particle
History optimum position, Pgb(k) it is the global history optimum position in a cycle in the population,c1、c2For constant, r1And r2For
Uniformly random distribution rand；
Step S4：The obtained particles of step S3 are verified, if the DC-DC converter electric current or the high pressure are grid-connected
The power of inverter exceedes default rated range accordingly, then is limited to respective rated value；
Step S5：The fitness value of this cycle each particle is calculated, it is total that the fitness value is equal to the following n period
Electricity charge income subtracts each energy-storage units dump energy and exceedes penalty function caused by allowed band in any one period；Will
The fitness value of this cycle each particle selects fitness value compared with the fitness value of itself history optimum position
The larger history optimum position as corresponding particle；The fitness value of this cycle each particle and global history is optimal
The fitness value of position compares, and the maximum position of selection wherein fitness value is as the global history optimum position；
Step S6：Judge whether to reach preset termination condition, if not reaching the preset termination condition, return to step
S3；If reaching the preset termination condition, it is as follows that the global history optimum position can be obtained：
pgb=[P (1), P (2) ..., P (n)]T
By the P (1) in the global history optimum position of acquisition, P (2) ..., P (n) is as described in the following n period
The active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter is assigned to second local control.
Preferably, the preset termination condition is less than default for the increment of the fitness value of the global history optimum position
Threshold value reaches maximum iteration.
Preferably, the process bag for calculating the active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter described in the following n period
Containing constraints, the constraints includes：
The dump energy of any energy-storage units is in the preset percentage scope of the rated capacity of the energy-storage units
It is interior；
The electric current of the HVDC transmission line is equal to electric current caused by any one of photovoltaic cells itself and phase
The compensation electric current sum that the DC-DC converter answered provides；
The power output of any one of DC-DC converter is not more than own power rated value；
The power output of the high pressure combining inverter is no more than own power rated value.
The invention provides a kind of photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor, each photovoltaic cells both ends simultaneously connect
There is a DC-DC converter, each DC-DC converter both ends again and are connected to energy-storage units.It can be seen that DC-DC is converted in the present invention
Device is that the electric current of corresponding photovoltaic cells compensation is after inputing to photovoltaic cells, by the output end of photovoltaic cells by opto-electronic conversion electricity
Stream is sent to high pressure combining inverter with compensation electric current, i.e., DC-DC converter is not directly connected to HVDC mother in the present invention
Line, therefore, as long as the stress levels of DC-DC converter are higher than photovoltaic cells, because photovoltaic cells are concatenation, according to series connection
The principle of partial pressure, the stress levels of high voltage dc bus voltage are N times of the stress levels of photovoltaic cells, and N is photovoltaic cells
Number, therefore the present invention considerably reduces the stress levels needed for DC-DC converter, so as to reduce DC-DC converter
Cost, and then make it possible to configure a DC-DC converter in parallel for each photovoltaic cells, make each photovoltaic cells can work
Make in the maximum power point of itself, operating efficiency is high, and can avoid caused hot spot phenomenon in the case of local shades, reduces
The infringement to caused by photovoltaic cells.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to institute in prior art and embodiment
The accompanying drawing needed to use is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation for photovoltaic generating system that prior art provides；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of flow chart of the process of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission method for electrically provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The core of the present invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic generation D.C. high voltage transmission devices and methods therefor, and DC-DC converter is simultaneously
High voltage dc bus is not directly connected to, reduces cost, improves generating efficiency, and avoids the production of hot spot phenomenon as far as possible
It is raw.
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Shown in Figure 2 the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation, Fig. 2 provides for the present invention
A kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation structural representation；The device includes：
Several photovoltaic cells 1 being serially connected, the positive and negative terminal of the circuit after the series connection of photovoltaic cells 1 is respectively by corresponding
The input of HVDC transmission line connection high pressure combining inverter 5；
High pressure combining inverter 5, the output end of high pressure combining inverter 5 are connected with AC network；
Several DC-DC converters 2 that input connects one to one with the output end of each photovoltaic cells 1 respectively, with
And several energy-storage units 3 to be connected one to one respectively with the output end of each DC-DC converter 2；DC-DC converter 2 is used
It is that the photovoltaic cells 1 being connected with itself provide compensation electric current in the energy-storage units 3 that control is connected with itself；
Several First partial controllers 4 to be connected one to one respectively with the control terminal of each DC-DC converter 2；The
One local control 4 is used for currently female in the electric current and preset high-pressure of maximum power point according to photovoltaic cells 1 corresponding to itself
Line current produces the output of pulse drive signal control DC-DC converter 2, makes each photovoltaic cells 1 in preset high-pressure bus electricity
Flow down and be separately operable in respective maximum power point；
The second local control 6 being connected with the control terminal of high pressure combining inverter 5 is high for generating driving pulse control
Press the output of combining inverter 5；
Central controller 7, the input of central controller 7 are local with each First partial controller 4 and second respectively
The output end connection of controller 6, the output end of central controller 7 are connected with the input of the second local control 6；Center control
Device 7 is used to calculate the active power set-point of following n period high pressure combining inverter 5 and is sent to second game's portion's controller 6
It is controlled.
Preferably, the device also includes several electric currents inspection to be connected one to one respectively with each photovoltaic cells 1
Device is surveyed, current sensing means is used to detect the electric current of corresponding photovoltaic cells 1 and sent to corresponding First partial controller
4, current sensing means output end connects with the input of corresponding First partial controller 4.
It should be noted that First partial controller 4 is real in the electric current of photovoltaic cells 1 for receiving current sensing means transmission
After measured value, by measured value compared with having previously been stored in the predetermined current threshold in First partial controller 4, according to what is compared
The corresponding drive pulse signal of difference generation is sent to DC-DC converter 2 and controls the corresponding charge or discharge of energy-storage units 3,
So as to provide correspondingly sized compensation electric current for photovoltaic cells 1.
Wherein, current sensing means here can be ammeter or current transformer, it is of course also possible to be other dresses
Put, the present invention is not limited this.
Preferably, the device also includes electric quantity detection apparatus, and input and the energy-storage units 3 of electric quantity detection apparatus connect
Connect, the output end of electric quantity detection apparatus is connected with central controller 7.
It should be noted that dump energy of the central controller 7 in the energy-storage units 3 for receiving electric quantity detection apparatus transmission
Afterwards, according to the current residual electricity of each energy-storage units 3, the Spot Price of following n period and following n in whole device
The average output power of photovoltaic cells 1, average output voltage corresponding to period illumination and temperature prediction result, sent out with whole photovoltaic
The electricity charge Income Maximum of electric system turns to target, and the active power for calculating following n period high pressure combining inverter 5 gives
Value.
The invention provides a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation, each photovoltaic cells both ends are simultaneously connected to one
DC-DC converter, each DC-DC converter both ends again and are connected to energy-storage units.It can be seen that DC-DC converter is pair in the present invention
The electric current for the photovoltaic cells compensation answered is after inputing to photovoltaic cells, by the output end of photovoltaic cells by opto-electronic conversion electric current with mending
Repaying electric current and be sent to high pressure combining inverter, i.e., DC-DC converter is not directly connected to high voltage dc bus in the present invention, because
This, as long as the stress levels of DC-DC converter are higher than photovoltaic cells, because photovoltaic cells are concatenation, according to series connection partial pressure
Principle, the stress levels of high voltage dc bus voltage are N times of the stress levels of photovoltaic cells, N for photovoltaic cells number,
Therefore the present invention considerably reduces the stress levels needed for DC-DC converter, so as to reduce the cost of DC-DC converter,
And then make it possible to configure a DC-DC converter in parallel for each photovoltaic cells, each photovoltaic cells is operated in
The maximum power point of itself, operating efficiency is high, and can avoid caused hot spot phenomenon in the case of local shades, reduces to light
Infringement caused by lying prostrate unit.
Present invention also offers a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission method for electrically, based on the device of any of the above item, referring to
Shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is a kind of flow chart of the process of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission method for electrically provided by the invention.This method bag
Include：
Step s101：First partial controller obtains electric current of the photovoltaic cells in maximum power point in real time；
Step s102：Electric current and preset high-pressure bus current according to maximum power point produce the first pulse drive signal
DC-DC converter is sent to, makes DC-DC converter control energy-storage units provide the compensation electric current of particular size to photovoltaic cells,
Photovoltaic cells are made to run on the maximum power point of itself, and electric current caused by photovoltaic cells itself and DC-DC converter offer
Compensation electric current sum is equal to preset high-pressure bus current；
Step s103：By the DC supply input high pressure combining inverter in HVDC transmission line, the second Partial controll
Device produces the second drive pulse signal control high pressure combining inverter and the direct current in HVDC transmission line is converted into friendship
Stream electricity is simultaneously inputted to AC network.Wherein, step s102 process includes：
To predesigned compensation given value of current value photovoltaic cells corresponding to what is obtained in real time between the electric current of maximum power point
Deviation carries out the dutycycle that PI controls produce DC-DC converter；
Pulse width modulation is carried out to dutycycle to obtain the first pulse drive signal and be sent to DC-DC converter controlling
System.
It is understood that high voltage dc bus electric current is decided by the wattful power of high pressure combining inverter input AC power network
Rate, however, the opto-electronic conversion electric current Impp under uneven illumination corresponding to the maximum power point of each tandem photovoltaic unit is different,
Therefore the control targe of DC-DC converter is to compensate electric current Icomp by adjusting it so that each photovoltaic cells are in same high pressure
Under DC bus current, it can be separately operable in respective maximum power point.Specifically, DC-DC converter uses current closed-loop control
Method processed, its compensation electric current Icomp exported is controlled to follow predesigned compensation given value of current value changes.
It is further known that above-mentioned predesigned compensation given value of current value is produced by perturbation observation method, it is right with itself the purpose is to make
The photovoltaic cells for the DC-DC converter parallel connection answered run on the electric current corresponding to maximum power point.Specific implementation method is：Pass through
Regulation output predesigned compensation given value of current value disturbs to apply, and detects the power output change of photovoltaic cells connected in parallel, if
The increase of photovoltaic cells power output, then illustrate that the disturbance can improve the power output of photovoltaic cells, continue next time after disturbance
Toward identical direction regulation output predesigned compensation given value of current value；Conversely, if photovoltaic cells power output reduces after disturbance, say
The bright disturbance is unfavorable for improving the power output of photovoltaic cells, next time toward opposite direction regulation export predesigned compensation electric current to
Definite value.
In addition, the method that the second local control produces the second pulse drive signal includes：
To the set-point and high pressure combining inverter input AC of high pressure combining inverter input AC network re-active power
The deviation of network re-active power measured value carries out PI controls, produces d axle control voltages；
To the set-point and high pressure combining inverter input AC of high pressure combining inverter input AC power system reactive power
The deviation of power system reactive power measured value carries out PI controls, produces q axle control voltages；
By d axles control voltage and q axles control voltage carry out rotary/static conversion and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWN,
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) after, obtain the second pulse drive signal and be sent to high pressure parallel network reverse
Device is controlled.
It is understood that high pressure combining inverter uses the vector control method based on grid voltage orientation, for reality
Now to the closed-loop control of the active and reactive power of input AC power network, so as to make the active power timesharing of input AC power network permanent
It is fixed.Wherein, the active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter input AC power network is calculated by method once and produced, reactive power
Set-point is set as zero.
Wherein, the acquisition methods of the set-point of high pressure combining inverter input AC network re-active power include：
Obtain and according to the current residual electricity of each energy-storage units, the Spot Price of following n period, and following n
The average output power and average output voltage of photovoltaic cells corresponding to individual period illumination and temperature prediction result, are calculated not
Carry out the active power set-point of n period high pressure combining inverter.
It is understood that it should be noted that the active power for calculating following n period high pressure combining inverter gives
For value using particle swarm optimization algorithm, the purpose is to make the maximization of economic benefit of whole photovoltaic generating system, whole photovoltaic
The economic well-being of workers and staff of electricity generation system can be calculated according to below equation：
Wherein, i=1 is defined, 2 ..., n is the sequence number of unit period, and j=1,2 ..., m are the sequence number of serial module structure,
One serial module structure includes a photovoltaic cells, a DC-DC converter and an energy-storage units, and P (i) is the i-th period high pressure
The active power set-point of combining inverter, Pri (i) are the electricity price of the i-th period, and Δ t is the time span of unit period.
It is further known that above-mentioned current residual electricity, the Spot Price of following n period according to each energy-storage units,
And the average output power and average output electricity of following n period illumination and the photovoltaic cells corresponding to temperature prediction result
Pressure, the method for calculating the active power set-point of following n period high pressure combining inverter specifically include：
Step S1：In the range of the power rating of DC-DC converter and high pressure combining inverter, random initializtion population
Speed and position, speed and position as each particle period 1；Population is made up of z particle, and each particle exists
Position in hyperspace is represented as the vector of following form：
X (k)=[P (1, k), P (2, k) ..., P (n, k)]T, k=1,2 ..., z
P (i, k) is active power set-point of k-th of particle in the i-th moment high pressure combining inverter；
Step S2：Calculate the initialization fitness value of each particle；Fitness value is equal to following n period total electricity bill income
Subtract each energy-storage units dump energy and exceed penalty function caused by allowed band in any one period；By the of each particle
Initial history optimum position of the position in one cycle as each particle, fitness maximum is selected from the population of period 1
Particle and as the initial global history optimum position of population；
It should be noted that the fitness value of each particle calculates as follows in population：
Wherein, K is the weight coefficient of penalty function, and PEN (i, j, k) is that k-th of particle stores up for j-th in the i-th unit interval
Energy unit dump energy exceedes penalty function caused by allowed band, and penalty function calculation is as follows：
First, makeWherein, Upv(i, j) is the in i-th period
The voltage of j photovoltaic cells；Ppv(i, j) is the i-th period, the power output of j-th photovoltaic cells；
Then, E is mades(i+1, j, k)=Es(i,j,k)+Ps(i,j,k)Δt；
Finally, make
Wherein, Es(i, j, k) is dump energy of k-th of particle in j-th of energy-storage units of the i-th unit interval；Ps(i,
J, k) it is power output of k-th of particle in j-th of energy-storage units of the i-th unit interval；
Step S3：According to the speed in a cycle, position and the history of itself of a upper cycle each particle on each particle
The distance of optimum position, the distance between position and the current global history optimum position of a upper cycle each particle are calculated
The speed in each this cycle of particle, calculated according to the speed of the position of a upper cycle each particle and each particle in this cycle
It is as follows to the position in each this cycle of particle, calculation formula：
vt+1(k) it is the speed in this cycle of particle, vt(k) it is the speed in a cycle on particle, xt+1(k) it is this cycle of particle
Position, xt(k) it is the position in a cycle on particle, Plb(k) it is the history optimum position in a cycle on particle, Pgb(k) it is grain
The global history optimum position in a cycle on subgroup,c1、c2For constant, r1And r2For uniformly random distribution rand；
Step S4：The obtained particles of step S3 are verified, if DC-DC converter electric current or high pressure combining inverter
Power exceedes default rated range accordingly, then is limited to respective rated value；
Step S5：The fitness value of this cycle each particle is calculated, fitness value is equal to following n period total electricity bill income
Subtract each energy-storage units dump energy and exceed penalty function caused by allowed band in any one period；By this cycle each grain
For the fitness value of son compared with the fitness value of itself history optimum position, the conduct for selecting fitness value larger corresponds to grain
The history optimum position of son；By the fitness value of this cycle each particle compared with the fitness value of global history optimum position,
The maximum position of selection wherein fitness value is as global history optimum position；
Step S6：Judge whether to reach preset termination condition, if not reaching preset termination condition, return to step S3；If
Reach preset termination condition, then it is as follows can to obtain global history optimum position：
pgb=[P (1), P (2) ..., P (n)]T
By the P (1) in the global history optimum position of acquisition, P (2) ..., P (n) is grid-connected as following n period high pressure
The active power set-point of inverter is assigned to the second local control.
Preferably, preset termination condition is less than predetermined threshold value for the increment of the fitness value of global history optimum position
Or reach maximum iteration.
It should be noted that for example, after maximum iteration reaches 10 times, just terminate and calculate.Certainly, the present invention is unlimited
Determine the concrete numerical value of maximum iteration, also do not limit the particular content of preset termination condition.
Preferably, the process for calculating the active power set-point of following n period high pressure combining inverter includes about
Beam condition, constraints include：
The dump energy of any energy-storage units is in the range of the preset percentage of the rated capacity of energy-storage units；Here
Preset percentage may range from 20% to 80%, and certainly, this is not limited by the present invention, i.e.,：
20%EsN≤Es(i,j)+Ps(i, j) Δ t≤80%EsN, i=1,2 ..., n, j=1,2 ..., m
Wherein, EsNFor energy-storage units rated capacity, Es(i, j) is the i-th period, the dump energy of j-th energy-storage units, Ps
(i, j) is the i-th period, the power output of j-th DC/DC converter.
The electric current of HVDC transmission line is equal to electric current caused by any one photovoltaic cells itself and corresponding DC-DC
The compensation electric current sum that converter provides；I.e.：
Wherein, Ibus(i) bus current of i-th of period is represented.
The power output of any one DC-DC converter is not more than own power rated value；I.e.：
Wherein, Icomp(i, j, k) is the output current of j-th of DC-DC converter of the i-th moment in k-th of particle.IsNFor
The rated current of DC-DC converter.
The power output of high pressure combining inverter is no more than own power rated value, i.e.,：
|P(i)|≤PN, i=1,2 ..., n
Wherein, PNFor the rated power of high pressure combining inverter.
It should be noted that calculating having for following n period high pressure combining inverter using particle swarm optimization algorithm
Before work(power set-point, define 2 n*m dimension matrix-vectors and be respectively used to electricity price, the active power of high pressure combining inverter.
Pri=[Pri (1), Pri (2) ..., Pri (n)]T, P=[P (1), P (2) ..., P (n)]T
Wherein Pri represents the electricity price of following n period, and P represents the active power of high pressure combining inverter.
4 n × m dimension matrixes are defined, are respectively used to describe energy-storage units dump energy, energy-storage units charge-discharge electric power, light
It is as follows to lie prostrate unit power output, photovoltaic cells output voltage：
Wherein, EsRepresent energy-storage units dump energy；PsRepresent energy-storage units charge-discharge electric power；PpvRepresent that photovoltaic cells are defeated
Go out power；UpvRepresent photovoltaic cells output voltage.
The invention provides a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission method for electrically, each photovoltaic cells both ends are simultaneously connected to one
DC-DC converter, each DC-DC converter both ends again and are connected to energy-storage units.It can be seen that DC-DC converter is pair in the present invention
The electric current for the photovoltaic cells compensation answered is after inputing to photovoltaic cells, by the output end of photovoltaic cells by opto-electronic conversion electric current with mending
Repaying electric current and be sent to high pressure combining inverter, i.e., DC-DC converter is not directly connected to high voltage dc bus in the present invention, because
This, as long as the stress levels of DC-DC converter are higher than photovoltaic cells, because photovoltaic cells are concatenation, according to series connection partial pressure
Principle, the stress levels of high voltage dc bus voltage are N times of the stress levels of photovoltaic cells, N for photovoltaic cells number,
Therefore the present invention considerably reduces the stress levels needed for DC-DC converter, so as to reduce the cost of DC-DC converter,
And then make it possible to configure a DC-DC converter in parallel for each photovoltaic cells, each photovoltaic cells is operated in
The maximum power point of itself, operating efficiency is high, and can avoid caused hot spot phenomenon in the case of local shades, reduces to light
Infringement caused by lying prostrate unit.
More than several embodiments be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, several specific embodiments of the above can be with
Any combination, the embodiment obtained after combination is also within protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, relevant speciality technical staff deduced out in the case where not departing from spirit of the invention and concept thereof other change
Enter and change, should be included in the scope of the protection.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, what each embodiment stressed be and other
The difference of embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.For device disclosed in embodiment
For, because it is corresponded to the method disclosed in Example, so description is fairly simple, related part is said referring to method part
It is bright.
It should also be noted that, in this manual, such as first and second or the like relational terms be used merely to by
One entity or operation make a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply these entities or operation
Between any this actual relation or order be present.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant meaning
Covering including for nonexcludability, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only include that
A little key elements, but also the other element including being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, article or
The intrinsic key element of equipment.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence "including a ...", is not arranged
Except other identical element in the process including the key element, method, article or equipment being also present.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are enable to realize or using the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission electric installation, it is characterised in that including：Several photovoltaic cells being serially connected, the positive and negative terminal of the circuit after the photovoltaic cells series connection is respectively by corresponding high Press the input of DC power transmission line connection high pressure combining inverter；The high pressure combining inverter, the output end of the high pressure combining inverter are connected with AC network；Several DC-DC converters that input connects one to one with the output end of each photovoltaic cells respectively, and Several energy-storage units to be connected one to one respectively with the output end of each DC-DC converter；The DC-DC converter Photovoltaic cells for controlling the energy-storage units being connected with itself to be connected with itself provide compensation electric current；Several First partial controllers to be connected one to one respectively with the control terminal of each DC-DC converter；It is described First partial controller is used for currently female in the electric current and preset high-pressure of maximum power point according to photovoltaic cells corresponding to itself Line current produces the output that pulse drive signal controls the DC-DC converter, makes each photovoltaic cells described default It is separately operable under high voltage bus electric current in respective maximum power point；The second local control being connected with the control terminal of the high pressure combining inverter, for generating described in driving pulse control The output of high pressure combining inverter；Central controller, the input of the central controller respectively with each First partial controller and described second The output end connection of local control, the output end of the central controller and the input of second local control connect Connect；The central controller is used to calculate the active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter described in the following n period and send It is controlled to second local control.
- 2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include corresponding with each photovoltaic cells respectively Several current sensing means of connection, the current sensing means are used to detect the electric current of corresponding photovoltaic cells and sent extremely Corresponding First partial controller, the current sensing means output end connect with the input of corresponding First partial controller Connect.
- 3. device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also including electric quantity detection apparatus, the electric quantity detection apparatus Input be connected with the energy-storage units, the output end of the electric quantity detection apparatus is connected with the central controller.
- 4. a kind of photovoltaic generation high-voltage dc transmission method for electrically, it is characterised in that described based on the device described in claim 1-3 Method includes：First partial controller obtains electric current of the photovoltaic cells in maximum power point in real time；Electric current and preset high-pressure bus current according to the maximum power point produce the first pulse drive signal and are sent to DC- DC converters, the compensation electric current that the DC-DC converter control energy-storage units provide particular size is made to make to the photovoltaic cells The photovoltaic cells run on the maximum power point of itself, and electric current caused by the photovoltaic cells itself becomes with the DC-DC The compensation electric current sum that parallel operation provides is equal to the preset high-pressure bus current；By the DC supply input high pressure combining inverter in the HVDC transmission line, the second local control produces second Drive pulse signal controls the high pressure combining inverter that the direct current in the HVDC transmission line is converted into exchange Electricity is simultaneously inputted to AC network.
- 5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterised in that the First partial controller produces the first pulsed drive letter Number method include：To the deviation of predesigned compensation given value of current value and the corresponding photovoltaic cells obtained in real time between the electric current of maximum power point Carry out the dutycycle that PI controls produce the DC-DC converter；First pulse drive signal is obtained to dutycycle progress pulse width modulation and is sent to the DC-DC converter progress Control.
- 6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterised in that second local control produces the second pulsed drive letter Number method include：The set-point and the high pressure combining inverter of the high pressure combining inverter input AC network re-active power are inputted The deviation of AC network active power measured value carries out PI controls, produces d axle control voltages；The set-point and the high pressure combining inverter of the high pressure combining inverter input AC power system reactive power are inputted The deviation of AC network reactive power measured value carries out PI controls, produces q axle control voltages；After the d axles control voltage and the q axles control voltage are carried out into rotary/static conversion and space vector pulse width modulation, Obtain the second pulse drive signal and be sent to the high pressure combining inverter being controlled.
- 7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that the high pressure combining inverter input AC electric network active work( The acquisition methods of the set-point of rate include：Obtain and according to the current residual electricity of each energy-storage units, the Spot Price of following n period, and following n The average output power and average output voltage of photovoltaic cells corresponding to individual period illumination and temperature prediction result, are calculated not Carry out the active power set-point of high pressure combining inverter described in n period.
- 8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that the current residual electricity according to each energy-storage units Amount, the Spot Price of following n period, and following n period illumination and the photovoltaic cells corresponding to temperature prediction result Average output power and average output voltage, the active power for calculating high pressure combining inverter described in the following n period give The method of value specifically includes：Step S1：In the range of the power rating of the DC-DC converter and the high pressure combining inverter, random initializtion grain The speed of subgroup and position, speed and position as each particle period 1；The population is by z particle group Into each position of the particle in hyperspace is represented as the vector of following form：X (k)=[P (1, k), P (2, k) ..., P (n, k)]T, k=1,2 ..., zP (i, k) is active power set-point of k-th of particle in high pressure combining inverter described in the i-th moment；Step S2：Calculate the initialization fitness value of each particle；The fitness value is equal to following n period total electricity bill Income subtracts each energy-storage units dump energy and exceedes penalty function caused by allowed band in any one period；Will be each Initial history optimum position of the position of the period 1 of the particle as each particle, from the grain of period 1 The maximum particle of fitness is selected in subgroup and as the initial global history optimum position of the population；Step S3：According to the speed in a cycle on each particle, a upper cycle each particle position with from The distance of the history optimum position of body, a upper cycle each particle position and current global history optimum position it Between distance the speed in each described this cycle of particle is calculated, according to the position of a upper cycle each particle with The position in each described this cycle of particle is calculated in the speed of each particle in this cycle, and calculation formula is as follows：vt+1(k) it is the speed in described this cycle of particle, vt(k) it is the speed in a cycle on the particle, xt+1(k) it is the grain The position in this sub cycle, xt(k) it is the position in a cycle on the particle, Plb(k) for a cycle on the particle history most Best placement, Pgb(k) it is the global history optimum position in a cycle in the population,c1、c2For constant, r1And r2To be uniform Random distribution rand；Step S4：The obtained particles of step S3 are verified, if the DC-DC converter electric current or the high pressure parallel network reverse The power of device exceedes default rated range accordingly, then is limited to respective rated value；Step S5：The fitness value of this cycle each particle is calculated, the fitness value is equal to following n period total electricity bill Income subtracts each energy-storage units dump energy and exceedes penalty function caused by allowed band in any one period；By this week The fitness value of phase each particle selects fitness value larger compared with the fitness value of itself history optimum position The history optimum position as corresponding particle；By the fitness value of this cycle each particle and global history optimum position Fitness value compare, the maximum position of selection wherein fitness value is as the global history optimum position；Step S6：Judge whether to reach preset termination condition, if not reaching the preset termination condition, return to step S3；If Reach the preset termination condition, then it is as follows can to obtain the global history optimum position：pgb=[P (1), P (2) ..., P (n)]TBy the P (1) in the global history optimum position of acquisition, P (2) ..., P (n) is as high pressure described in the following n period The active power set-point of combining inverter is assigned to second local control.
- 9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that the preset termination condition is the global history optimum bit The increment for the fitness value put is less than predetermined threshold value or reaches maximum iteration.
- 10. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that described to calculate high pressure parallel network reverse described in the following n period The process of the active power set-point of device includes constraints, and the constraints includes：The dump energy of any energy-storage units is in the range of the preset percentage of the rated capacity of the energy-storage units；The electric current of the HVDC transmission line be equal to any one of photovoltaic cells itself caused by electric current with it is corresponding The compensation electric current sum that DC-DC converter provides；The power output of any one of DC-DC converter is not more than own power rated value；The power output of the high pressure combining inverter is no more than own power rated value.
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| CN112564528A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-26 | 广东工业大学 | Self-balancing modular multilevel converter |
| CN115882516A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-31 | 杭州欣美成套电器制造有限公司 | Photovoltaic grid-connected control device and method for efficient photovoltaic charging control |
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| CN104113082A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | Modular full direct current photovoltaic system and control method thereof |
| CN104810858A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-07-29 | 广西大学 | Control method for grid-connected power generation system of optical storage microgrid |
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| CN112564528B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2023-08-01 | 广东工业大学 | Self-balancing modularized multi-level converter |
| CN115882516A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-31 | 杭州欣美成套电器制造有限公司 | Photovoltaic grid-connected control device and method for efficient photovoltaic charging control |
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