CN107833580B - 基于输入噪声特性动态增加的噪声抑制 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
背景技术
可以在不使用手(例如经由语音命令)的情况下或在更广的意义上在相对有限地使用手的情况下使用在汽车中的免提音频***,使得在驾驶员正在驾驶汽车时,在驾驶员的手中不需要持有电话听筒。
汽车的免提音频***通常使用车辆的扬声器中的一个或多个以传输电话呼叫的另一端上的人的语音,以及使用车辆中的一个或多个麦克风以捕捉在电话呼叫期间的驾驶员的和/或乘客的语音。
通常经由蓝牙将移动电话连接到在车辆中的汽车的音频***头单元(audiosystem head unit)或远程信息处理单元(telematics unit)。或者,头单元或者远程信息处理单元可以具有其自己的网络接入设备(NAD)。在此种***中,因为麦克风信号穿过***,所以信号被处理并且通过移动电话或者NAD被发送到在另一端上的人。来自远端的话音正通过电话(通过蓝牙)或者NAD到来、正被处理,并且然后从扬声器传出。
在车辆中的麦克风处,可以存在近端话音、背景噪声、风噪声和回声,其是来自音频***扬声器的音频并且其还正被麦克风拾取。当在远端的人在说话时,此人不想听到他们的回声、路噪声或风噪声。因此,通常消除回声,通常抑制路噪声,这是公共特征,但是基于输入噪声特性动态地增加噪声抑制的噪声抑制技术将改进免提音频***的性能,例如,通过改进其中正在使用汽车的免提音频***的电话交谈的远端处的声音质量和/或通过改进语音控制的应用的话音识别性能来改进免提音频***的性能。
发明内容
附图说明
图1描绘了用于本发明的实施例的示例操作环境100。
图2描绘了原始噪声图像和相应的平滑的(smoothened out)(低通滤波的)原始噪声图像的示例。
图3描绘了根据本发明的实施例的示例倒置的和规格化平滑的噪声图像302。
图4描绘了根据本发明的实施例的具有对应于1000 Hz的N的褐色(brown)噪声谱的规格化倒置。
图5描绘了在褐色噪声频谱的规格化倒置和平滑的噪声图像的规格化倒置之间的差的示例。
图7示出了根据本发明的实施例的示例参数控制的最大范围maxRange。
图10描绘了根据本发明的实施例的原始噪声图像的规格化倒置和平滑的噪声图像的规格化倒置的示例。
具体实施方式
一些车辆具有噪声,所述噪声具有非常高的低频率内容(例如,当配备有柴油引擎时)。应付此类提高的低频率噪声的一种方式是高通滤波器的使用。然而,高通滤波器模糊地去除话音和噪声两者,这导致了话音质量的降级(话音听起来较不完全以及较不自然)。替代地,可以增加最大噪声抑制电平,但是,这将影响整个频谱并且由于高于在中间和较高频率区中的必要的噪声抑制可能导致在话音质量中的总体的降级。
根据本发明的实施例,最大噪声抑制电平()对于整个频率范围不再是一个恒定的值,而是被允许跨频率变化。基于输入噪声特性动态地计算变化的量。例如,如果在较低频率区中存在过量噪声,则在该区中的最大噪声抑制电平将增加以抑制在该频率区中的噪声。可以始终使能该特征,并且当输入条件保证在特定频率区中的额外的噪声抑制时该特征将是活跃的。因此,可以显著地减少或消除人工调谐音频***(例如免提电话、语音控制的汽车头单元等)中涉及的努力。
图1描绘了用于本发明的实施例的示例操作环境100。在图1中示出的操作环境100包括可由车辆104的乘客隔间(passenger compartment)或客舱(cabin)的占用者使用的无线通信设备102。无线通信设备102提供包括语音通信的双向无线通信,其由与无线通信设备102兼容的无线网络108来促进。
在车辆104中,免提音频***105包括麦克风112或多个麦克风(仅示出一个)和扩音器114或多个扩音器(示出一个)。麦克风112对来自车辆104的乘客隔间内或内部103的音频频率信号换能(transduce)或“拾取”来自车辆104的乘客隔间内或内部103的音频频率信号并且经由控制器130向无线通信设备102提供表示那些音频信号的电信号用于免提音频***105。麦克风112因此拾取由周围正在被驾驶的车辆引起的路噪声、风噪声和引擎噪声以及从在客舱103中的扩音器114输出的音频信号,包括被称作“回声”的从***径的远端返回的音频信号。
免提***105的扩音器114部分经由控制器130从无线通信设备102接收在音频频率范围中的电信号用于免提音频***105。扩音器114将那些电信号换能为遍及车辆104的乘客隔间103可以被听到的声波或音频信号113。
将通过麦克风112拾取的音频信号113转换成表示音频信号的电信号。向无线通信设备102提供电信号。无线通信设备102向无线通信网络108传输包含从麦克风获得的电信号的射频信号,其中它们从网络108被路由到常规的电话交换***120。
电话交换***或网络120将从车辆104获得的音频信号113交换或路由到诸如移动电话或常规的电话听筒122之类的通信设备,所述通信设备定位在遥远的位置124处,即相距车辆104距离D的远程定位的位置。在车辆104中的人和在遥远的/远程的位置124处的人之间进行的语音频率通信113因此经由在图1中由参考标号“116”标识的通信链路或信道来进行。
作为几个例子,还可以将免提音频***105实现为诸如汽车头单元或汽车远程信息处理单元之类的语音控制音频***。
然后对平滑的噪声图像204进行倒置和规格化:
图3描绘了根据本发明的实施例的示例倒置的和规格化平滑的噪声图像302。
如果将噪声图像的该平滑的规格化倒置用作用于纯噪声的输入信号的曲线,则输出将接近地类似于白噪声。然而,在汽车的环境中,我们预期到在低频率中的较高噪声的一些量,其中该量滚降(roll off)到在较高频率中的较低值。因此,为了维持该自然的滚降,但是去除在低频率区中的过量的噪声,我们允许噪声遵循特定类型的噪声曲线。例如,这可以是粉红噪声、褐色噪声或任何其他任意噪声类型。优选的噪声类型取决于具体应用,但是当前实施例使用褐色噪声曲线(功率谱与成比例)。
将通过允许变得较低(go lower)来抑制任何附加噪声。为了实现此,我们在dB(log)域中从(褐色)噪声谱的规格化倒置减去我们的噪声图像的规格化倒置,其相当于在线性域中的除法(division)。首先,如下计算褐色噪声频谱:
其中f(i)是对应于频率信道i的起始点的频率(以Hz为单位)。然后计算倒置并且对结果进行规格化:
图4描绘了根据本发明的实施例的具有对应于1000 Hz的N的褐色噪声谱的规格化倒置。
其中
并且maxRange是以dB为单位指定的参数控制的最大范围。范围的示例值是10 dB。也可以使用其他合适的值。图7示出了根据本发明的实施例的示例参数控制的最大范围maxRange。
以该方式,增加的噪声抑制基于输入噪声特性酌情发生。由于噪声抑制是基于输入噪声特性的,因此要求对免提音频***的显著地较少的人工调谐。因此,即使车辆的各种型号配备有不同的引擎类型(例如汽油对柴油引擎),对于相似的车辆客舱也可以维持音频***的一致的用户体验。
在第二实施例中,可以扩展在第一实施例中描述的相同的框架以平滑从噪声抑制输出的背景噪声。
在该实施例中,调整曲线被计算为在dB(log)域中的在原始噪声图像的规格化倒置和平滑的噪声图像的规格化倒置之间的差,其相当于在线性域中的除法:
根据本发明的实施例,可以去除过量低频率噪声而维持话音质量和/或平滑背景噪声。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于噪声抑制的方法,包括:
在第一频率范围上对原始噪声图像进行平滑以形成平滑的噪声图像;
对平滑的噪声图像进行倒置以产生倒置的平滑的噪声图像;
对倒置的平滑的噪声图像进行规格化以产生倒置的和规格化的平滑的噪声图像;
允许噪声遵循特定类型的噪声曲线;
在dB(log)域中通过从噪声曲线的规格化的倒置减去平滑的噪声图像的规格化的倒置来计算增益调整曲线;
通过对增益调整曲线缩放恒定的最小增益值来计算最小增益曲线;
从频率信道到FFT仓对最小增益曲线进行插值;以及
将其余的频率信道设置到恒定的最小增益值。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在第一频率范围上对原始噪声图像进行平滑包括对原始噪声图像进行低通滤波。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中第一频率范围是大约0 Hz至大约1000 Hz。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中噪声曲线的特定类型是褐色噪声曲线。
8.一种用于噪声抑制的方法,包括:
在第一频率范围上对原始噪声图像进行平滑以形成平滑的噪声图像;
对平滑的噪声图像进行倒置以产生倒置的平滑的噪声图像;
对倒置的平滑的噪声图像进行规格化以产生倒置的和规格化的平滑的噪声图像;
对原始噪声图像进行倒置以产生倒置的原始噪声图像;
对倒置的噪声图像进行规格化以产生倒置的和规格化的原始噪声图像;
在dB(log)域中将增益调整曲线计算为在原始噪声图像的规格化的倒置和平滑的噪声图像的规格化的倒置之间的差;
通过对增益调整曲线缩放恒定的最小增益值来计算最小增益曲线;
从频率信道到FFT仓对最小增益曲线进行插值;以及
将其余的频率信道设置到恒定的最小增益值。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中在第一频率范围上对原始噪声图像进行平滑包括对原始噪声图像进行低通滤波。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中第一频率范围是大约0 Hz至大约1000 Hz。
13.一种用于噪声抑制的方法,包括:
在第一频率范围上对原始噪声图像进行平滑以形成平滑的噪声图像;
对平滑的噪声图像进行倒置以产生倒置的平滑的噪声图像;
对倒置的平滑的噪声图像进行规格化以产生倒置的和规格化的平滑的噪声图像;
允许噪声遵循特定类型的噪声曲线;
在dB(log)域中通过从噪声曲线的规格化的倒置减去平滑的噪声图像的规格化的倒置来计算第一增益调整曲线;
对原始噪声图像进行倒置以产生倒置的原始噪声图像;
对倒置的噪声图像进行规格化以产生倒置的和规格化的原始噪声图像;
在dB(log)域中将第二增益调整曲线计算为在原始噪声图像的规格化的倒置和平滑的噪声图像的规格化的倒置之间的差;
在dB(log)域中将第一增益调整曲线和第二增益调整曲线相加以产生组合的增益调整曲线;
通过对组合的增益调整曲线缩放恒定的最小增益值来计算最小增益曲线;
从频率信道到FFT仓对最小增益曲线进行插值;以及
将其余的频率信道设置到恒定的最小增益值。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中在第一频率范围上对原始噪声图像进行平滑包括对原始噪声图像进行低通滤波。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中噪声曲线的特定类型是褐色噪声曲线。
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