CN107831818A - A kind of MPPT methods for solar power generation - Google Patents
A kind of MPPT methods for solar power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831818A CN107831818A CN201710837813.XA CN201710837813A CN107831818A CN 107831818 A CN107831818 A CN 107831818A CN 201710837813 A CN201710837813 A CN 201710837813A CN 107831818 A CN107831818 A CN 107831818A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H02J3/385—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Universality is strong, and principle is simple, a kind of MPPT methods for solar power generation of superior performance, A. control converter power outputs PLFor 0；B. each cycle T1Increase converter power output, PLn=PLn‑1+△P1, PLn‑1、PLnConverter power output in the respectively adjacent forward and backward cycle, △ P1For cycle T1Interior converter power output value added；C. each cycle T2Detect photovoltaic battery panel power output PPVWith output voltage VCIf Δ Ppv·ΔVC＞ 0, then reduce converter power output, PLn=PLn‑1‑△P2, △ Ppv、△VcRespectively adjacent forward and backward cycle photovoltaic battery panel power output value added, output voltage value added, △ P2For cycle T2Interior converter power output decreasing value.The present invention is applied to solar photovoltaic cell panel Power Control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of new energy generation, is related to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of solar power generation.
Background technology
With fossil energy continuous consumption and problem of environmental pollution it is increasingly serious, the mankind are to cleaning reproducible new energy
The demand in source constantly increases.Solar energy is because its distribution is wide, easily obtain, clean and effective and the characteristic such as sustainable grind as new energy
The focus studied carefully.
Solar panel is the medium that solar energy is converted into electric energy.Electric sun energy cell panel output has non-linear, its P-V
Curve is in single-peak response.In order to farthest obtain solar energy, it is necessary to want solar panel to be operated in maximum power point
(MPP).The MPPT methods of present main flow are improved using perturbation observation method (P＆O) and conductance increment method (INC) and some mostly
Method (such as variable step, zero vibration etc.).Both approaches principle is easily understood and realized conveniently.But both approaches have some common
The shortcomings that same：1. disturbance velocity and precision can not be taken into account；2. steady operation point can because of vibration off-energy；3. it can only work
In maximum power point, the self-balancing with bearing power can not be realized in the occasion for having power requirement of balance；4. when illumination variation
When in the presence of the power rush to load.These shortcomings be algorithm inherently, can only be modified but can not be eliminated.Therefore
Also some other methods such as Fuzzy Logic, neural network algorithm etc., but these algorithms are sufficiently complex, therefore use
It is and few.
The content of the invention
The invention solves above mentioned problem existing for the MPPT methods of solar power generation in the prior art, including disturbance velocity
It can not take into account with precision, off-energy, power output be able to can not be realized with bearing power from flat because of vibration during steady operation
In the presence of power rush to load etc. when weighing apparatus and illumination variation.The present invention proposes a kind of be used for too to solve described problem
The new MPPT methods that sun can generate electricity, this method is generally applicable to all kinds of photovoltaic application systems, and principle is simple, superior performance.
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that it is characterized in that：
A. converter power output P is controlledLFor 0；
B. each cycle T1Increase converter power output, PLn=PLn-1+△P1, PLn-1、PLnThe respectively adjacent forward and backward cycle
Interior converter power output, △ P1For cycle T1Interior converter power output value added；
C. each cycle T2Detect photovoltaic battery panel power output PPVWith output voltage VCIf Δ Ppv·ΔVC＞ 0, then reduce
Converter power output, PLn=PLn-1-△P2, △ Ppv、△VcRespectively adjacent forward and backward cycle photovoltaic battery panel power output increases
Value added, output voltage value added, △ P2For cycle T2Interior converter power output decreasing value.T of the present invention1Preferably it is much larger than T2,
△P1More than or equal to △ P2。
Further, the present invention sets photovoltaic battery panel to export lower bound voltage threshold Voff, when detect photovoltaic battery panel export
Voltage VCDrop to Voff, converter power output is decreased to 0, system switchs to restart.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is common photovoltaic system structural schematic block diagram；
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic battery panel P-V performance diagrams；
Fig. 3 (a) is that photovoltaic system is operated in characteristic curve left plane, performance chart during inverter power increase；
Fig. 3 (b) is that photovoltaic system is operated in characteristic curve left plane, performance chart when inverter power reduces；
Fig. 3 (c) is that photovoltaic system is operated in the right plane of characteristic curve, performance chart during inverter power increase；
Fig. 3 (d) is that photovoltaic system is operated in the right plane of characteristic curve, performance chart when inverter power reduces；
Fig. 4 is step logic chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Conventional method is all by controlling the input voltage of converter (i.e. the output voltage of photovoltaic panel, or operating voltage)
To realize MPPT.The present invention realizes MPPT by directly controlling the changed power of converter.The converter is shown in Fig. 1
DC/DC or DC/AC converters.It is implemented as：Convertor controls inherently balance the process of power.In the feelings that load determines
Under condition, such as structures such as DC or AC buses, resistance, batteries, the variable that can always find sign watt level is used for indirect power
Control while being voltage bus (such as load, control load current size controls watt level).Therefore the changed power of converter
It is directly controllable, this is also the basis of this method.
Further, common photovoltaic system structure can be expressed as structure shown in accompanying drawing 1.Wherein segment PV is solar photovoltaic
Pond plate, segment DC/DCorAC are converter, can be DC/DC or DC/AC converters, and segment Load is all types of load, PPV
For photovoltaic battery panel power output, PLFor inverter power (do not consider converter own loss, it is considered that the input of converter and
Power output is equal, so converter power output and input power and bearing power are referred to as converter work(hereinafter
Rate, repeat no more), VCFor cell panel output voltage, PCFor electric capacity charge power.The structure can cover current nearly all class
The photovoltaic application occasion of type, therefore there is versatility.
Further, the mode of this method sampling photovoltaic cell panel output voltage, electric current and control inverter power increase and decrease
To realize MPPT.Its principle is as follows：
Photovoltaic battery panel characteristic curve is as shown in Figure 2.
The P-V curves are unimodal curve, and curve corresponding flat is divided into left and right two planes by maximum power point (MPP).
Left plane, cell panel power output increase and increased with output voltage, and in right plane, cell panel power output increases with output voltage
Reduce greatly.
As shown in Figure 1, there is equation (1) is permanent to set up：
PL=PPV- PC (1)
Further, with reference to Fig. 3, analysis system shown in Figure 1 is in Fig. 2 left and right plane working conditions.
In Fig. 3 (a), when system steady operation is in left plane point PpvDuring place, if control inverter power PLIncrease to PL1,
Now PC<0, electric capacity electric discharge → cell panel output voltage reduction → cell panel power output reduction → capacitance voltage further rises
Height, ultimately result in cell panel power output and drop to 0 rapidly, runaway electric circuit；
In Fig. 3 (b), when system steady operation is in left plane point PpvDuring place, inverter power P is controlledLIt is reduced to PL2, this
When PC>0, electric capacity charging → cell panel output voltage rise → cell panel power output rise → capacitance voltage further declines,
Final cell panel operating point will cross MPP along P-V curves and reach right plane steady operation point SOP (Steady Operating
Point, SOP) place, system enters new stable state；
In Fig. 3 (c), when system steady operation is in right plane point PpvDuring place, if control inverter power PLIncrease to PL3,
Now PC<0, electric capacity electric discharge → cell panel output voltage reduction → cell panel power output increases → reaches Ppv=PL3When system enter
Enter stable state；
In Fig. 3 (d), when system steady operation is in right plane point PpvDuring place, if control inverter power PLIt is reduced to PL4,
Now PC>0, electric capacity charging → cell panel output voltage rise → cell panel power output reduces → reaches Ppv=PL4When system enter
Enter stable state.
Understand in summary, by the method for Power Control, photovoltaic battery panel left plane can not steady operation, it is flat on the right side
The each power points in face is all fully controllable.
Further, understand that photovoltaic battery panel has working characteristics as shown in table 1 below in left and right plane by upper analysis：(“↑”
Increase is represented, " ↓ " represents to reduce).
Table 1
The boundary line of left and right plane is that maximum power point MPP longitudinally corresponds to line in Fig. 2,3.Therefore detected according to upper table corresponding
Variable, judge plane where system work, when system operating point is in left and right plane critical point, as maximum power point.
Further, specific MPPT implementation methods may be summarized to be：
A. initial pL→ 0, system is operated in the nearly open-circuit working point of right plane；
B. fixed cycle T1Increase PL, make PLn=PLn-1+△P1；
C. fixed cycle T2V is detected according to table 1cAnd PpvAnd judge whether system is operated in left plane, if then performing PLn=
PLn-1-△P2, and return to step 2；If otherwise direct return to step 2；System is operated in left plane according to Δ Ppv·ΔVC＞ 0.
Its logic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
Further, it may be noted that B, step C independent operating, there is the respective cycle of operation, without sequencing point, respectively
From independence to PLHave an impact.B cycle Ts1C cycle T should be much larger than2, to ensure that perturbation process interior energy accurately detects each time
Now plane residing for system operating point, avoids maloperation.
Further, for P in BLIncrement △ P1It should be greater than in C for PLReduction amount △ P2。
Further, for the out-of-control phenomenon that may mention in analysis above as depicted in figure 3 a, a lower voltage limit should be set
Voff, as detection VCDuring less than the threshold voltage, system is restarted.
The present invention is applied in the MPPT controls of solar power generation, it is proposed that a kind of new MPPT methods.This method principle
Simply it is easily achieved.Compared to traditional the most frequently used P＆O and INC methods, method of the invention has following advantage：1. it can work
The operating point of right plane universe (traditional P＆O and INC methods can only operate in maximum power point)；2. directly control converter
Power, rear class will not also be impacted even if during illuminance abrupt variation；3. the energy loss caused by steady operation point does not vibrate；
4. in the absence of disturbance step-length and the compromise problem in cycle.The method of the present invention has the efficiency no less than conventional method, and has
More superior performance and more fully working method, the design to MPPT provides new thinking.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. MPPT methods for solar power generation, it is characterised in that：A. converter power output P is controlledLFor 0；B. each cycle T1Increase converter power output, PLn=PLn-1+△P1, PLn-1、PLnBecome in the respectively adjacent forward and backward cycle Parallel operation power output, △ P1For cycle T1Interior converter power output value added；C. each cycle T2Detect photovoltaic battery panel power output PPVWith output voltage VCIf Δ Ppv·ΔVC＞ 0, then reduce conversion Device power output, PLn=PLn-1-△P2, △ Ppv、△VcRespectively adjacent forward and backward cycle photovoltaic battery panel power output increase Value, output voltage value added, △ P2For cycle T2Interior converter power output decreasing value.
- 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：T1Much larger than T2, △ P1More than or equal to △ P2。
- 3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Photovoltaic battery panel output voltage threshold value V is setoff, when Detect photovoltaic battery panel output voltage VCDrop to Voff, converter power output is decreased to 0, system switchs to restart.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101694942A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-04-14 | 山东电力研究院 | Maximum power tracing method |
| CN101841256A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-22 | 孔小明 | Method for tracking and controlling maximum power point of solar power generation |
| CN101841272A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-09-22 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Solar charging system, device and method for tracking maximum power point thereof |
| CN202085099U (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-12-21 | 广东金华达电子有限公司 | Photovoltaic cell maximum power tracking means |
| CN103049034A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-04-17 | 西南交通大学 | Variable step size disturbance maximum power point tracking method based on power forecating |
-
2017
- 2017-09-18 CN CN201710837813.XA patent/CN107831818B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101841256A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-22 | 孔小明 | Method for tracking and controlling maximum power point of solar power generation |
| CN101694942A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-04-14 | 山东电力研究院 | Maximum power tracing method |
| CN101841272A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-09-22 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Solar charging system, device and method for tracking maximum power point thereof |
| CN202085099U (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-12-21 | 广东金华达电子有限公司 | Photovoltaic cell maximum power tracking means |
| CN103049034A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-04-17 | 西南交通大学 | Variable step size disturbance maximum power point tracking method based on power forecating |
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Application publication date: 20180323 Assignee: Zhejiang arrow network energy technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: ZHEJIANG University Contract record no.: X2021330000017 Denomination of invention: A MPPT method for solar power generation Granted publication date: 20191122 License type: Common License Record date: 20210207 |