CN107829805A - 低压降旋流式混合器 - Google Patents

低压降旋流式混合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107829805A
CN107829805A CN201710804660.9A CN201710804660A CN107829805A CN 107829805 A CN107829805 A CN 107829805A CN 201710804660 A CN201710804660 A CN 201710804660A CN 107829805 A CN107829805 A CN 107829805A
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spaced vanes
conduit
blade
drop
plane
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A·亚达夫
J·李
C·K·科赫
R·米塔尔
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN107829805A publication Critical patent/CN107829805A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/114—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
    • B01F27/1144—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections with a plurality of blades following a helical path on a shaft or a blade support
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
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    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
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Abstract

一种用于在气体流内混合液体的组件包括配置成容纳气体流和液滴的中空导管。该组件包括具有内壁并配置成容纳气体流和液滴的中空导管。多个第一间隔叶片设置在导管中的第一平面中。多个第二间隔叶片设置在导管中的设置在第一平面下游的第二平面中，多个第二间隔叶片周向地偏离多个第一间隔叶片。多个第三间隔叶片设置在导管中的设置在第二平面下游的第三平面中，多个第三间隔叶片周向地偏离多个第二间隔叶片。

Description

低压降旋流式混合器
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于在例如车辆排气处理***或燃料进入***的气体流内混合液体的组件。
背景技术
本部分提供与本公开相关的却不一定是现有技术的背景信息。
某些车辆***包括在例如车辆排气处理***或发动机燃料进入***中的气体流内输送液滴。出于种种原因，这些液滴在气体流内的控制性分散可能是有利的。例如，在一类车辆排气***中，在气体流内将液体烃(HC)注入到位于柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)上游的柴油氧化催化器(DOC)。在DOC中，烃通过放热反应而发生氧化，产生了在下游的DPF中燃烧柴油颗粒所需的高温，由此将颗粒烧尽以使DPF再生并降低***背压。在另一个例子中，将柴油机排气流体(诸如，尿素或者另一种氮氧化物(NOx)还原剂)注入到催化器(诸如，选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器)的上游，而柴油机尾气排气流体在此转化为用来将NOx还原为氮气(N2)的氨。在另一个例子中，将烃周期性地注入到贫NOx阱上游的排气流中，从而使阱再生。同样在发动机燃料进入***中，液体燃料被夹带在空气流中以便在发动机气缸中燃烧。
发明内容
本部分提供了公开内容的整体概述，但并没有全面公开其全部范围或其全部特征。
一种改进的混合物组件实现了液滴在混合器组件下游的理想分配，以改进对液滴进行处理的车辆部件的操作，诸如柴油氧化催化器(DOC)和选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器，或者贫NOx阱。
一种用于在气体流内混合液体的组件包括具有内壁并配置成容纳具有液滴的气体流的中空导管。该组件还包括设置在导管内的多个间隔平面中的多个间隔叶片。每个叶片可操作地连接到导管的内壁。叶片对液滴加以引导以在气体流内形成液滴的更优选的分布。例如，叶片可以形成液滴在下游气体流中的基本上均匀的分布。当在DOC和DPF的上游使用组件时，DPF的径向温度差可能会降低，从而潜在地提高再生效率。当在SCR催化器或贫NOx阱的上游使用组件时，可以提高NOx还原能力。同样地，如果在发动机燃料进口的上游使用混合器组件，则燃料与空气的改进混合可以改进发动机燃烧。
提供了一种用于在气体流内混合液体的组件，其包括配置成容纳气体流和液滴的中空导管。该组件包括具有内壁并配置成容纳气体流和液滴的中空导管。多个第一间隔叶片设置在导管中的第一平面中。多个第二间隔叶片设置在导管中的设置在第一平面下游的第二平面中，多个第二间隔叶片周向地偏离多个第一间隔叶片。多个第三间隔叶片设置在导管中的设置在第二平面下游的第三平面中，多个第三间隔叶片周向地偏离多个第二间隔叶片。
结合附图，通过以下对用于实施所要求保护的发明的最佳方式的详细描述，所要求保护的发明的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点容易变得明显。
其他适用范围根据本文提供的描述将变得明显。此发明内容中的描述和具体实例仅仅是为了说明的目的，而不是为了限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文描述的附图的目的是对所选实施例而不是所有可能的实施方式进行说明，并不意图限制本公开的范围。
图1是车辆的一部分的示意图，其示出了通过排气***的排气流；
图2是根据本公开的原理的排气***的混合器组件的透视图；
图3是图2的混合器组件的平面图，其中不同平面中的叶片以第一间距周向地偏离；
图4是图2的混合器组件的平面图，其中不同平面中的叶片以第二间距周向地偏离；
图5是图2的混合器组件的平面图，其中不同平面中的叶片以第三间距周向地偏离；
图6是示出了用于根据本公开的原理的混合器组件的替代性制造方法的透视图；
图7是示出了用于根据本公开的原理的混合器组件的替代性制造方法的透视图。
在附图说明部分的所有附图中，相应的附图标记表示相应的部件。
具体实施方式
现将参考附图更全面地描述示例性实施例。
提供示例性实施例是使得本公开将是详尽的，并且将把范围完全地传达给所属领域的技术人员阐述了许多特定细节，诸如特定部件、装置和方法的实例等，以提供对本公开的实施例的透彻理解。对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的是，不需要采用特定细节，示例性实施例可以以许多不同的形式体现，并且不应被解释为限制本公开的范围。在一些示例性实施例中没有详细地描述公知的过程、公知的装置结构和公知的技术。
本文所使用的术语仅用于描述特定实例的目的，并不旨在具有限制性。如本文所用，“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”、“该”等单数形式可以旨在同样包括复数形式，除非上下文另有明确的相反指示。术语“包含(comprises)”、“包含(comprising)”、“包括(including)”和“具有”是开放性的，因此表明所陈述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合的存在或添加。本文所描述的方法步骤、过程和操作不应解释为必需以所论述或者示出的特定顺序来执行，除非被特别表明为执行顺序。还应该理解的是：可以采用附加的或者替代的步骤。
当元件或者层被称为在另一元件或者层“上”或者“接合至”、“连接至”或“联接至”另一元件或者层时，它可以是直接在所述另一元件或者层上或者直接接合、连接或者联接至所述另一元件或者层，或者可以存在中间元件或者层。相反，当元件被称为“直接”在另一元件或者层上或者“直接接合至”、“直接连接至”或者“直接联接至”另一元件或者层时，可以不存在中间元件或者层。用于描述元件之间的关系的其它词语也应该以相同的方式进行解释(例如“在...之间”和“直接在...之间”、“相邻”和“直接相邻”等)。如本文所用，术语“和/或”包括相关联的列举项目中的一个或多个的任意和所有组合。
虽然在本文可以使用第一、第二、第三等术语来描述各元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段，但是这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段不应该被这些术语限制。这些术语可以只用于将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部段与另一区域、层或部段区分开来。当在本文中使用时，诸如“第一”、“第二”和其它序数词等术语并不暗示序列或者顺序，除非上下文另有明确说明。因此，以下讨论的第一元件、部件、区域、层或部段可以被称为第二元件、部件、区域、层或部段，而不会背离示例性实施例的教导。
为了便于描述，可以在本文中使用空间上相对的术语，诸如“内”、“外”、“下方”、“以下”、“下”、“上方”、“上”等，以描述如图所示的一个元件或者特征与另一个元件或者特征的关系。除了附图中示出的取向之外，空间上相对的术语还可以旨在包含使用中或者操作中的装置的不同取向。例如，如果附图中的装置被翻转，则被描述为在其它元件或者特征“以下”或者“下方”的元件于是将取向为在所述其它元件或者特征“上方”。因此，示例性的术语“以下”可以包含上方和下方这两个取向。装置可以按其它方式取向(旋转90度或者处于其它取向)，并且本文使用的空间上相对的描述词应相应地作出解释。
参考附图，其中在若干视图中，相同的附图标记指代相同的部件，图1示出了具有用于发动机14和排气***16的空气和燃料进入***12的车辆10的一部分。如本文所述，包括用于改进排气流内液体的混合的混合器组件18。在图2中更详细地示出了混合器组件18。本文讨论了混合器组件18的结构的具体益处。尽管是示出在排气***16中，但混合器组件18也可以用在发动机空气和燃料进入***12中来影响注入的液体燃料在空气流19中的混合，进而改进发动机14的气缸内的燃烧。
排气***16包括位于排气流中的混合器组件18上游的柴油氧化催化器(DOC)22。诸如用于注入尿素的液体喷射器23位于混合器组件18的上游。诸如选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器的部件24位于DOC 22的下游并且位于喷射器23的下游。或者，部件24可以是贫NOx阱，并且喷射器23可以是燃料喷射器，用于注入烃以使贫NOx阱再生。此外，部件24可以是柴油氧化催化器或柴油颗粒过滤器或组合的柴油氧化催化器和柴油颗粒过滤器转化器，其中喷射器23可以是燃料喷射器，用于注入烃，这些烃在24中被氧化以产生放热，从而使下游的柴油颗粒过滤器再生。部件24将排气流中的至少一些氮氧化物(NOx)转化为氮气和水。混合器组件18配置为在前往部件24的气体流中形成液滴(尿素)的更优选的分布。SCR阱的更优选的分布可以是在气体流中整个导管30上的均匀分布。在部件24是SCR催化器的其它实施例中，排气***16可以具有DOC 22和柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)，但不具有SCR催化器。
参考图2，更详细地示出了混合器组件18。混合器组件18包括导管30，该导管是排气管或者与车辆10上的排气管对齐地***。导管30具有内壁32，并且包围图1中箭头34所示的气体流以及气体流34中携带的注入液滴。
混合器组件18包括分别具有多个间隔叶片40A-40C的多个轴向间隔的轮毂38A-38C。在图2的实施例中，混合器组件18在三个分开的平面中具有三个轴向间隔的轮毂38A-38C，并且每个轮毂具有三个周向间隔叶片40A-40C。来自第一轮毂38A中的叶片40A的流落在第二轮毂38B中的叶片40B上，然后落在第三轮毂38C中的叶片40C上。叶片之间的间隙44允许一些排气逸出，从而减少压降并实现更出色的混合。所注入的液滴撞击混合器的所有叶片。撞击在第一轮毂38A中的叶片40A上的液滴在轮毂38B的叶片40B上经历进一步的撞击和解体，并且再次在轮毂38C的叶片40C上经历上述过程。类似地，直接撞击第二轮毂38B中的叶片40B上的液滴在轮毂38C的叶片40C上经历进一步的撞击和解体。直接撞击在轮毂38C的叶片40C上的液滴由于叶片40A和40C所产生的旋转作用而遭遇更高的气体速度。液滴与具有较高速度的气体的这种多重撞击和相互作用增进了液滴解体、蒸发和混合。轮毂之间的轴向距离在叶片之间提供足够的间隙44，并允许一些排气逸出，从而减小压降。通过间隙44逸出的排气与由位于混合器下游的叶片所产生的旋流相混合。
每个叶片40可以连接到可选的支撑元件42，该支撑元件通常可以在导管30中居中。每个叶片40A-40C连接到导管30的内壁32。
每个叶片40A-40C具有大致螺旋形的形状，从而使其以螺旋形在导管30中的下游延伸，每个叶片40A-40C的外边缘58固定到内壁32。因此，外边缘58具有拱形形状，这样使其在边缘58与内壁32的界面处产生螺旋形图案。叶片的尺寸可以变化，使得每个叶片具有如图3所示的宽度，其中每个叶片具有30°的宽度，并且它们在叶片40A和40B、叶片40B和40C以及叶片40C和40A之间以10°的周向间隙分隔开。也可以采用其它叶片宽度和其它间隙，例如如图4所示，其中在叶片40A和40B以及叶片40B和40C之间示出了15°的间隙，而同时叶片宽度示出为30°。在这种布置中，叶片40A的前边缘与叶片40C的后边缘对齐。在图5的实施例中，叶片示出为具有24°的较小叶片宽度和21°的间隙。因此，在叶片40A和40B以及叶片40B和40C之间设置21°的间隙，而在叶片40C和40A之间设置6°的间隙。应当理解，可以根据期望的应用采用包括2个或多个轮毂在内的其他数量的轮毂以及轮毂中包括2个或多个叶片在内的其他数量的叶片。举例来说，尽管三个轮毂是示出为在每个轮毂中具有三个叶片，但是，两个轴向间隔开的轮毂可以与每个轮毂中的四个叶片一起使用。可以将叶片的数量、叶片的尺寸和间隙间距设计成提供期望的混合和背压。此外，为了提供期望的混合和背压，轮毂之间的轴向间距可以发生改变。
导管30可以设置有周向狭槽或切口形式的伸缩接头，从而允许导管30在各种力下发生膨胀和收缩。利用根据本公开的混合器设计，整体的柴油机排气流体混合性能与新的混合器叶片布置相同或者比其更好，同时还基本上降低了混合器上的压降。特别地，示例性的现有技术混合装置在低、中和高流量下实现大约85％至97％之间的NOx转化效率，同时提供大约43kPa的较大压降。相比之下，图2和图3所示的混合器18在低、中、高流量下提供大约90％至98％之间的NOx转化效率，同时提供36kPa的显著压降。图4所示的混合器在低、中、高流量下提供大约87％至98％之间的NOx转化效率，同时提供35kPa的显著压降。最后，图5所示的混合器在低、中、高流量下提供大约85％至97％之间的NOx转化效率，同时提供29kPa的显著压降。因此显而易见的是，根据本公开的原理的叶片的布置在维持相同的或更好的混合性能的同时还提供了显著的压降。
参考图2，可以通过将9个叶片40A-40C焊接到导管30和撞击元件42来形成混合器18。或者，如图6所示，每个轮毂38A-38C可以形成为单独的三叶片式冲压件，其中每个叶片40A-40C的外边缘焊接到导管30。每个冲压件38A-38C包括叶片40A-40C从其径向延伸的中心环41A-41C。
作为另一替代方案，叶片可以由如图7所示的冲压件形成。具体地，图7示出了3个单独的冲压件60，每个冲压件包括来自每个轮毂的叶片40A、40B和40C。每个冲压件60具有形成导管30的一部分的圆柱形壁段62，而每个叶片40A、40B和40C作为弯曲件从圆柱形壁段62延伸。每个冲压片60与以完整圆柱体布置的圆柱形壁段62一起进行组装，从而形成混合器18的导管30，而叶片40A、40B和40C由圆柱形壁段62支撑。
在图2至图5的实施例中，支撑元件42可以具有大致锥形的表面44，该表面面向气体流34的方向并在下游方向上在导管30内向外逐渐变细；也就是说，锥形表面44大致指向上游。
前面对实施例的描述是为了说明和描述目的而提供的。其并非旨在穷举或者限制本公开。特定实施例的各元件或特征通常并不局限于该特定实施例，而是在适当的情况下可互换并且能够在所选实施例中使用，即使是在没有对其进行具体示出或描述的情况下。其也可以按照多种方式发生变化。这些变型不应被视为背离本公开，并且所有这些修改都旨在包括于本公开的范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种车辆***，其包括：
中空的呈大致圆柱形的导管，所述导管具有内壁并配置成容纳具有液滴的气体流；
混合器组件，所述混合器组件具有；
具有内壁并配置成容纳所述气体流和液滴的中空导管；
设置在第一平面中的多个第一间隔叶片；
设置在于所述第一平面下游设置的第二平面中的多个第二间隔叶片，所述多个第二间隔叶片周向地偏离所述多个第一间隔叶片；以及
设置在于所述第二平面下游设置的第三平面中的多个第三间隔叶片，所述多个第三间隔叶片周向地偏离所述多个第二间隔叶片；
其中所述多个第一、第二和第三间隔叶片中的每个连接到所述导管的所述内壁；以及
车辆部件，可操作地连接到所述混合器组件下游的所述导管并可操作以处理所述液滴；其中所述混合器组件配置为在前往所述车辆部件的所述气体流中形成所述液滴的理想分配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆***，其中所述多个第一间隔叶片中的每个具有大致螺旋形的形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆***，其中所述多个第二间隔叶片中的每个具有大致螺旋形的形状。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆***，其中所述多个第三间隔叶片中的每个具有大致螺旋形的形状。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆***，其中所述多个第一间隔叶片、所述多个第二间隔叶片和所述多个第三间隔叶片中的每个通过焊接与所述导管直接连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆***，其中所述多个第一间隔叶片、所述多个第二间隔叶片和所述多个第三间隔叶片中的每个与中心元件直接连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆***，其中所述导管的所述内壁具有恒定的圆柱形形状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆***，其中所述多个第二间隔叶片以5度至25度之间的角度周向地偏离所述多个第一间隔叶片。
9.根据权利要求7所述的组件，其中所述多个第二间隔叶片以5度至25度之间的角度周向地偏离所述多个第三间隔叶片。
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