CN107829406B - Composite barrier system for hydraulic building and method for forming the same - Google Patents
Composite barrier system for hydraulic building and method for forming the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN107829406B CN107829406B CN201711249403.XA CN201711249403A CN107829406B CN 107829406 B CN107829406 B CN 107829406B CN 201711249403 A CN201711249403 A CN 201711249403A CN 107829406 B CN107829406 B CN 107829406B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/02—Polyureas
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/002—Priming paints
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/34—Filling pastes
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite anti-seepage system, which sequentially forms a primer layer and a coating waterproof layer on the surface of hydraulic building concrete; wherein the primer layer comprises a first coating and/or an epoxy putty layer and a second coating; the first coating is an epoxy primer for a wet or dry concrete base; the second coating is polyurethane primer; the waterproof layer of the coating is made of polymer elastomer material. And a silica sand layer is arranged between the first coating and/or the epoxy putty layer and the second coating, and/or a finish paint layer is arranged on the waterproof layer of the coating. The invention also provides an anti-seepage and protection method for the concrete surface. The composite seepage-proofing system provided by the invention has strong binding force with the concrete surface, good elasticity, impact resistance and wear resistance, can be suitable for wet and low-temperature construction environments and long-term water bubbles of hydraulic buildings (including dams, water delivery tunnels, box culverts, channels and pipelines), does not soften and fall off, and is safe and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, relates to a system and a system forming method and materials for protecting and preventing concrete of hydraulic buildings (including dams, channels, pipelines, tunnels, box culverts and the like), and in particular relates to a composite anti-seepage system and a system forming method.
Background
The hydraulic engineering building comprises a dam, a water delivery tunnel, an aqueduct, a channel, a pipeline and the like, and the main body of the hydraulic engineering building is made of concrete materials, and the concrete has the characteristics of rich raw materials, low cost and simple production process, and meanwhile, the concrete also has the characteristics of high compressive strength, good durability, wide strength grade range and the like. However, studies on durability of concrete buildings have found that: the defects of construction joint surface, structural joint surface, concrete surface crack and the like become main channels for water seepage, and are key factors for influencing the durability of the hydraulic building. Under the influence of temperature stress, environment and other factors, the parts often become weak links of crack resistance, slip resistance, seepage resistance, freezing injury resistance, and the stability, safety and the like of the whole structure are vital. The seepage-proofing structure of the traditional hydraulic building is mostly made of cement mortar or concrete with good seepage resistance, prefabricated seepage-proofing structure and the like, and the structure has limited corrosion resistance and crack resistance, and particularly can generate cracks due to the reasons of construction quality, operation maintenance and the like, so that the seepage-proofing function of the structure can be damaged to different degrees; moreover, the traditional seepage-proofing structure also affects the construction speed. Thus, the problem of seepage prevention of concrete structures is a very prominent and urgent problem to be solved. In addition, the impact grinding damage of the sand-containing high-speed water flow to the concrete on the overflow surface of the hydraulic building is a difficult problem in the construction and operation of the hydropower engineering. The high-speed sand-containing water flow has strong erosion and cavitation erosion effects on the overflow surface of the hydraulic concrete building, and is a common disease of hydraulic drainage buildings such as overflow dams, flood discharge holes (grooves), drainage gates and the like, so that the hydraulic concrete building has been paid attention.
However, the domestic protection seepage-proofing system in China is uneven, and a large number of problems are proved to occur along with the proportion of the protection seepage-proofing system applied to the non-water conservancy and hydropower field entering the water conservancy field. The protective seepage-proofing coating is coated on a concrete hydraulic building (including a dam, a box culvert, a canal, a pipeline and a tunnel) in the field of water conservancy and hydropower, for example, the protective seepage-proofing coating is coated on a stadium and a civil building, the time of water contact scouring is short, the problem is not very big in use, the protective seepage-proofing coating is coated on the concrete hydraulic building (including a dam, a box culvert, a canal, a pipeline and a tunnel) in the field of water conservancy and hydropower, the hydraulic building needs long-term water soaking and has large water scouring force, the traditional system is not suitable for a humid and low-temperature construction environment and a long-term water soaking and high-speed water flushing environment, the seepage-proofing system is not bonded after running for a certain time, and the situation that the seepage-proofing material is peeled off in a large area after water soaking and scouring can occur (as shown in fig. 8A-D), and the durability and the safety coefficient of the hydraulic building are threatened.
Therefore, researches on a protection and seepage prevention system in the field of water conservancy and hydropower are urgently needed, and a matched seepage prevention system which is suitable for the damp and low-temperature construction environment of hydraulic engineering and the use environment requirement of long-term water soaking resistance and high-speed water flow flushing resistance is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a composite seepage-proofing system suitable for a hydraulic building, which has strong binding force with the hydraulic building, good elasticity, impact resistance and wear resistance, can adapt to moist and low-temperature construction environment and long-term water bubble of the hydraulic building, does not soften and fall off, and is safe and environment-friendly.
The invention also aims to provide an anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, anti-freeze injury, anti-impact and wear-resistant method for the concrete surface of the hydraulic building, and the method is used for enabling the bonding capacity of each coating and the concrete interface to be strong, so that the method can adapt to the environment of long-term water bubble and high-speed water flow flushing of the hydraulic building (including a dam, a box culvert, a channel, a pipeline and a tunnel).
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a composite barrier system comprising a primer layer and a coating waterproof layer;
wherein the primer layer comprises a first coating and/or an epoxy putty layer and a second coating;
the first coating is an epoxy primer for a wet or dry concrete base;
the second coating is polyurethane primer;
the waterproof layer of the coating is made of polymer elastomer material.
The epoxy putty coating is mainly used for coating the surface of part of hydraulic building concrete with larger surface defects, such as uneven surface caused by factors of holes, stripping and the like, the uneven condition of the concrete surface is improved by coating the epoxy putty coating, and the defect part can be coated with epoxy putty (whole or partial) to level the concrete after the first layer of primer is coated; or directly using an epoxy putty instead of the first primer layer.
Furthermore, a silica sand layer is arranged between the first coating and/or the epoxy putty layer and the second coating, and the silica sand layer is made of silica sand with 20-50 meshes; and/or, a top coat layer is arranged on the waterproof layer of the coating film.
Preferably, the top coat layer consists of a top coat A component and a top coat B component according to the following weight ratio of 4:3, mixing;
wherein, the A component of the finish paint is formed by mixing hydrogenated MDI, PTMG1000 and propylene carbonate solvent according to the proportion of 100 parts, 100 parts and 40 parts by weight;
the component B of the finish paint is prepared by mixing 150 parts by weight of polyaspartic acid ester resin chain extender and 30 parts by weight of solvent propylene carbonate.
The silica sand layer is added into the composite anti-seepage system under the use conditions of sand and stone in the high-speed water flow and other anti-abrasion environments, and mainly provides anti-impact, wear-resistant and shearing binding force for the composite anti-seepage system.
The finish paint uses an aliphatic material with elasticity and strong ultraviolet resistance, is mainly suitable for ultraviolet resistance protection of the surface of the polyurea-based coating elastomer in exposed (places with light rays), can improve the ageing resistance of the polyurea-based elastomer material, and has no seepage prevention effect.
Preferably, the epoxy primer consists of an epoxy primer A component and an epoxy primer B component, wherein the epoxy primer A component is dopamine modified epoxy main resin, and the epoxy primer B component consists of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main curing agent, interface agent, accelerator, defoamer, leveling wetting agent, antioxidant and colorant;
when the water content of the concrete surface is not more than 8%, the epoxy primer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dopamine modified epoxy main body resin, 50 parts of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main body curing agent, 0.5 part of interface agent, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant and 3.3 parts of colorant;
when the water content of the concrete surface is higher than 8%, the epoxy primer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dopamine modified epoxy main body resin, 15 parts of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main body curing agent, 0.5 part of interface agent, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant and 3.3 parts of colorant;
the interfacial agent is KH550, the promoter is AH, the defoamer is BYK530, the flatting agent is BYK525, the antioxidant is 1010 and the colorant is coloring color paste;
the epoxy putty is prepared from epoxy primer and filler according to a ratio of 2:1, wherein the filler is fumed silica.
Preferably, the polyurethane primer is a one-component polyurethane primer or a two-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer;
wherein, the single-component polyurethane primer consists of crude MDI and PTMG1000 according to the weight ratio of 7:11, a proportionally synthesized isocyanate prepolymer;
the bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer is prepared by mixing epoxy modified polyether and isocyanate prepolymer according to the weight ratio of 3:1.
The single-component urethane primer is a single component when in use because the primer is pre-polymerized; the two-component polyurethane primer is prepared by mixing two components on site when in use.
The single-component polyurethane primer used in the invention has the characteristic of high NCO content, the high NCO content can improve the bonding capability with the epoxy primer, and the double-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer can improve the bonding capability with the epoxy primer.
Preferably, the polymer elastomer material is polyurea elastomer material (urea bond: NHCONH), polyurethane elastomer material (urethane bond: NHCOO), acrylic resin, rubber resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin or polymer mortar material.
The polyurethane elastomer material (urethane bond: NHCOO), acrylic resin, rubber resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin and high polymer mortar material is a single-component polyurethane of SWD model, acrylic resin of THYON SR755 model, rubber resin of PBC-328 model and epoxy resin of 811 model.
The polyurea elastomer material is a polyurea elastomer material.
Preferably, the polyurea-based elastomer material is formed by reacting a polyurea-based A component and a polyurea-based B component, wherein the volume ratio of the polyurea-based A component to the polyurea-based B component is 1:1;
the NCO content of the polyurea group A component is between 16 and 25, and the composition is as follows: 100-150 parts of isocyanate, 15-40 parts of tetrahydrofuran polyether, 40-80 parts of propylene oxide polyether and 3-10 parts of super water impregnating compound;
the super water impregnating compound is synthesized by the reaction of dopamine and dimethylolpropionic acid according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the model is SKJ-DA;
the polyurea group B comprises the following components: 55-95 parts of amine terminated polyether, 28-45 parts of amine chain extender, 0.4 part of defoamer, 0.3 part of flatting agent, 0.2 part of hydrolysis resistance agent, 5 parts of colorant, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.2 part of interface agent, 0.2 part of ultraviolet absorber, 0.3 part of liquid rosin glyceride adhesive and 5-15 parts of amine terminated polybutadiene.
The other components are commercial products such as isocyanate MDI100 and MDI50, tetrahydrofuran polyether PTMG1000 or PTMG2000, propylene oxide polyether PPG1000 or PPG2000, amine terminated polyether D2000 and/or T5000, amine chain extender E100 and/or 6200, defoamer BYK530, leveling agent BYK525, anti-hydrolysis agent M200, colorant which is color paste, antioxidant 1010, interfacial agent KH550, ultraviolet absorber UV327 and amine terminated polybutadiene SKJ-ATB.
When the isocyanate MDI100 and the MDI50 are mixed for use, the mixture is mixed according to the proportion of 1:1 to 1:0.
When the amine-terminated polyether D2000 and the amine-terminated polyether T5000 are mixed for use, the mixture is mixed according to the proportion of 16:1-10:3.
The amine chain extender E100 and 6200 are mixed according to the proportion of 15:4-4:3 when being mixed for use.
The invention also provides a method for preventing seepage, corrosion, freezing injury, impact and abrasion of the concrete surface of the hydraulic building, which comprises the following steps,
1) Coating a first primer layer and/or an epoxy putty layer on the concrete surface of the hydraulic building with the dosage of 0.3-0.5 kg/m 2 The interval time between the brushing and the next layer is 6 to 24 hours;
2) Spraying or brushing a second primer layer with the dosage of 0.08-0.1 kg/m 2 The interval time between the spraying or brushing and the next layer is 3 to 12 hours;
3) Spraying polyurea-based elastomer material with the dosage of 3.5-6.0 kg/m 2 Forming a waterproof layer of the coating film.
Further, a step is added after step 1)1a) According to 0.7-1.0 kg/m 2 Spraying silica sand in the amount of the powder;
and/or, adding the step 4) after the step 3), coating a layer of finish paint on the surface of the waterproof layer of the coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.15 mm.
When in use, the spray coater is used for spraying the polyurea-based A component and the polyurea-based B component according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and the total dosage is 3.5-6.0 kg/m 2 And 8-15 s of curing to form a seamless coating film. The cured polyurea-based elastomer coating is a coating with tensile strength of more than 2080N/cm 2 The coating with the elongation of more than 350 percent (usually at 20 ℃) has better strength and elasticity, and the thickness of the coating can reach 2-6 mm, thus being an excellent anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, anti-freeze, anti-impact and wear-resistant elastomer material.
The silica sand can improve the bonding and shearing resistance, so that the anti-impact and wear-resistant performances are better. In addition, the single-component polyurethane primer has higher NCO content, and can improve the bonding strength with the epoxy primer. The two-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer can improve the bonding capability with the epoxy primer. The anti-seepage coating is easy to fall off under the impact of long-term high-speed water flow or sand stone, the anti-seepage effect is reduced, the binding force between the epoxy resin and the polyurethane is enhanced by adding the silica sand layer, the whole anti-seepage system can be tightly attached to the surface of a hydraulic building, the anti-seepage coating is not easy to fall off, and the anti-seepage and protection effects of the hydraulic building are enhanced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a composite anti-seepage system and a system forming method, wherein the anti-seepage system with an epoxy resin coating, a polyurethane primer coating and a polyurea-based elastomer coating formed one by one has strong binding force with hydraulic buildings (including dams, box culverts, channels, pipelines and tunnels), has good elasticity, is resistant to impact and abrasion, can adapt to moist and low-temperature construction environments and long-term water bubbles of the hydraulic buildings, does not soften and fall off, and is safe and environment-friendly.
After concrete is poured, the anti-seepage operation can be performed only after more than 28 days to reach a certain strength, but when the concrete hydraulic building is poured, an anti-seepage coating is formed while construction is needed, and it is difficult to wait until the concrete hydraulic building reaches the expected strength and then perform the anti-seepage operation. Therefore, the matched system is also suitable for the anti-seepage coating of the short-age concrete within seven days after the concrete is poured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a composite barrier system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the composite barrier system provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of microphase separation of polyurea-based elastomeric materials (high urea linkage content) according to the present invention.
Fig. 4A-4C are schematic illustrations of an impermeable embodiment of a first preferred embodiment of the composite impermeable system provided by the present invention at the expansion joints of a water conveyance tunnel and a box culvert.
Fig. 5A-5C are schematic illustrations of an impermeable embodiment of a second preferred embodiment of the composite impermeable system provided by the present invention at the expansion joints of channels and aqueducts.
Fig. 6A-6C are schematic illustrations of a third preferred embodiment of the composite barrier system provided by the present invention in a spillway, spillway tunnel, and a barrier embodiment.
Fig. 7A-7B are schematic illustrations of a fourth preferred embodiment of the composite barrier system provided by the present invention in a barrier embodiment of a weak age concrete dam.
Fig. 8A to 8D show the state of the art in which the waterproof coating is damaged in hydraulic engineering.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with the following examples to provide a better understanding of the nature of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Bonding between coatings in polyurea-based composite systems
1. Bonding effect of epoxy primer and concrete
Adhesion of the epoxy primer coating and the concrete substrate is a complex physical and chemical phenomenon. It is not only related to the chemical nature, structure and state of the two material surfaces, but also depends on the physicochemical factors of the bonding interface, such as wettability, contact angle, surface energy, etc. The adhesion of the epoxy primer coating to the concrete substrate can be thought of as being composed of a variety of interactions such as chemical bonds, intermolecular forces (van der waals forces, hydrogen bonding), and physical anchoring. The method mainly comprises the following three aspects:
1) Van der Waals forces at the interface of free electrons on the benzene ring in the epoxy primer and the concrete.
2) Hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups in the concrete and the oxygen atoms in the epoxy groups, and hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen of the hydroxyl groups in the epoxy and the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl groups on the concrete surface.
3) And (3) carrying out addition reaction on hydroxyl in the concrete and epoxy groups in the epoxy to obtain firm acting force of chemical bonds (urethane bonds).
In addition, the epoxy primer has good wettability, can be greatly infiltrated into the pores of the concrete base material, and can form very firm physical anchoring effect after solidification.
2. Adhesion between polyurethane primer coating and epoxy primer coating
Adhesion of epoxy primers and polyurethane primers is a complex physical and chemical phenomenon. It is not only related to the chemical nature, structure and state of the two material surfaces, but also depends on the physicochemical factors of the bonding interface, such as wettability, contact angle, surface energy, etc. The adhesion of epoxy primers and polyurethane primers can be thought of as being composed of a number of factors such as chemical bonds, intermolecular forces (van der waals forces, hydrogen bonding), and the like. The method mainly comprises the following three aspects:
1) Strong van der waals forces between free electrons on the benzene ring in the epoxy primer and the polyurethane primer;
2) Hydrogen bond action between hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the epoxy primer coating and oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups in the polyurethane primer;
3) The polyurethane reaction between the hydroxyl groups at the end of the surface of the epoxy primer coating and the NCO in the polyurethane primer gives a strong chemical bond (urethane bond) force.
The adhesion between the polyurethane primer and the epoxy is from the three types of adhesion, and the three types of adhesion work together to bring about the high-strength adhesion between the epoxy and the polyurethane primer.
The two-component spray polyurea (polyurea-based elastomeric material) preferably used in the present invention is an elastomeric material in which one allophanate (urea linkage) group formed from a curative component (polyurea-based A component) and a resin component (polyurea-based B component) predominates. When the polyurea A component reacts with the polyurea B component, the polyurea B component shows the characteristics of high reactivity, high curing rate, no VOC, environmental friendliness and the like, and the high urea bond content ensures that the polyurea material has the advantages of high cohesive energy, high durability and low water absorption, and can meet the waterproof and anti-seepage requirements of water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
(1) Chemical definition
Reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate to form a prepolymer (component A) having an isocyanate content, the reaction being a polyurethane reaction, the product comprising urethane (urethane bond: NHCOO);
then reacting the prepolymer (A component) containing isocyanate with polyamine (B component) to generate a material containing allophanate (urea bond: NHCONH);
the reaction gives an elastomer having an allophanate (urea bond) content greater than the urethane (urethane bond) content, in particular having a urea bond content greater than 5 times the urethane bond content.
(2) Definition of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering
The waterproof material has the characteristics of high urea bond content, high cohesive energy, high durability, high solid content, low water absorption, environmental friendliness and the like.
(3) Application performance definition
The waterproof material has the characteristics of quick solidification (solidification speed is less than 20 seconds), high construction environment tolerance, high construction efficiency, long-term water soaking resistance, high water pressure resistance and the like, and can meet the waterproof construction requirement and use requirement of a water conservancy and hydropower complex interface.
The three definitions are defined in terms of chemistry, hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering application, construction and application performance.
When the polyurea-based elastomer material is used, the polyurethane primer and the polyurea belong to the same system material, so that the compatibility between the polyurethane primer and the polyurea coating is good, and when the sprayed polyurea-based material contacts the surface of the polyurethane primer, a large amount of NCO on the polyurethane primer coating and polyamine in the polyurea-based B component rapidly react to obtain firm acting force of chemical bonds (urea bonds). In addition, there are strong van der Waals forces between free electrons on the benzene ring in the polyurethane primer and polyurea coating, and hydrogen bonding between the polyurethane primer and polyurea primer.
The following is a composite anti-seepage system provided by the invention as shown in figure 1, comprising a primer layer and a coating waterproof layer;
wherein the primer layer comprises a first coating and a second coating; the first coating is an epoxy primer for a wet or dry concrete base; the second coating is a single-component or double-component polyurethane primer; the waterproof layer of the coating is made of polymer elastomer material.
A silica sand layer is arranged between the first coating and the second coating, and the silica sand layer adopts 20-50 mesh silica sand, and the proportion and the dosage are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
A top coat layer is additionally arranged on the waterproof layer of the coating film, as shown in figure 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing microphase separation structure of polyurea-based elastomer materials (high urea bond content) selected for use in the polymeric elastomer materials of the present invention. Wherein the rectangular-shaped structure represents the hard segments (urea linkages) of the polyurea elastomer and the irregular structure represents the soft segments of the polyurea elastomer. The polyurea-based elastomer material has the characteristics of high urea bond content, high cohesive energy, high durability, high solid content, low water absorption, super water soaking function and the like, has the characteristics of high reactivity, high curing rate, no VOC, environment friendliness, firm adhesion with a wet interface and the like, has the advantages of high cohesive energy, high durability and low water absorption, and can meet the waterproof and anti-seepage requirements of water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
The preparation method of the composite seepage-proofing system comprises the following steps:
1) Coating a first primer layer and/or an epoxy putty layer on the concrete surface of the hydraulic building, wherein the dosage of the first primer layer is 0.35kg/m 2 If the defect of the concrete surface is serious, the first primer layer can be replaced by epoxy putty or the defect of the concrete after the first primer layer is coated can be leveled by the epoxy putty, and the interval time between the painting and the next layer is 7-36 hours;
2) Spraying or brushing a second primer layer with an amount of 0.1kg/m 2 The interval time between the spraying or brushing and the next layer is 4-24 hours;
3) Spraying or brushing high molecular elastomer material with the dosage of 3-7 kg/m 2 Forming a waterproof layer of the coating film.
Wherein, and/or, step 1 a) is added after step 1) according to 0.8kg/m 2 Spraying silica sand with 20-50 meshes;
and/or adding the step 4) to coat a layer of finish paint on the surface of the waterproof layer of the coating film after the step 3), wherein the thickness of the coating layer is 0.1mm.
The finish paint layer comprises a finish paint A component and a finish paint B component according to the weight ratio of 4:3, mixing;
wherein the component A of the finish paint is prepared by mixing hydrogenated MDI, PTMG1000 and propylene carbonate solvent according to the proportion of 100 parts, 100 parts and 40 parts by weight;
the component B of the finish paint is prepared by mixing 150 parts by weight of polyaspartic acid ester resin chain extender and 30 parts by weight of solvent propylene carbonate.
The epoxy primer consists of an epoxy primer A component and an epoxy primer B component, wherein the epoxy primer A component is dopamine modified epoxy main resin, and the epoxy primer B component consists of a cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main curing agent, an interfacial agent, an accelerator, a defoaming agent, a leveling agent, an antioxidant and a colorant;
when the water content of the concrete surface is not more than 8%, the epoxy primer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dopamine modified epoxy main body resin, 50 parts of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main body curing agent, 0.5 part of interface agent, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant and 3.3 parts of colorant;
when the water content of the concrete surface is higher than 8%, the epoxy primer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dopamine modified epoxy main body resin, 15 parts of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main body curing agent, 0.5 part of interface agent, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant and 3.3 parts of colorant;
the interfacial agent is KH550, the promoter is AH, the defoamer is BYK530, the flatting agent is BYK525, the antioxidant is 1010 and the colorant is coloring color paste;
the epoxy putty is prepared from epoxy primer and filler according to a weight ratio of 2:1, wherein the filler is fumed silica.
The polyurethane primer is a single-component polyurethane primer or a bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer;
wherein, the single-component polyurethane primer consists of crude MDI and PTMG1000 according to the weight ratio of 7:11, a proportionally synthesized isocyanate prepolymer;
the bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer is prepared by mixing epoxy modified polyether and isocyanate prepolymer according to the weight ratio of 3:1.
The polyurea-based elastomer material is formed by reacting a polyurea-based A component and a polyurea-based B component, wherein the volume ratio of the polyurea-based A component to the polyurea-based B component is 1:1, and specific components are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Physical properties of the polyurea-based elastomer materials described above are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
The preparation method of the polyurea A component comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing tetrahydrofuran polyether PTMG1000 and propylene oxide polyether PPG1000, refining at 100-110deg.C for 2 hr to reduce water content to below 0.1%, and cooling to 50deg.C;
2) Adding the super water impregnating compound SKJ-DA, uniformly mixing for 30 minutes, adding isocyanate MDI100, and reacting for 10 hours at 65 ℃;
3) Cooling the reactant to room temperature, discharging to finish the reaction, N 2 Packaging and storing.
The preparation method of the component B comprises the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing amine terminated polyether D2000 and amine terminated polyether T5000, adding an amine chain extender E100 into the amine terminated polyether, refining for 2 hours at 110 ℃ to reduce the water content to below 0.1%, cooling to room temperature, and discharging to finish the reaction;
2) Adding amino-terminated polybutadiene SKJ-ATB and auxiliary agent, high-speed dispersing, stirring at 900 rpm for 1.5 hr, and stirring for N 2 Packaging and storing;
wherein, the auxiliary agent is: the adhesive comprises a mixture of a defoaming agent, a leveling agent, an anti-hydrolysis agent, a colorant, an antioxidant, an interface agent, an ultraviolet absorber and a liquid rosin glyceride adhesive.
Due to the extremely rapid reaction speed of the polyurea-based elastomer material, the construction of the polyurea-based elastomer material is limited to adopt a bi-component collision mixing airless spraying device (a polyurea spraying machine XP 3), wherein the limitation on the viscosity of the polyurea-based component A is particularly strict, and the only way to solve the problem is to improve the NCO content of the polyurea-based component A. The improvement of NCO content not only can reduce the viscosity of the system, but also can keep high solid content and high reactivity, and simultaneously, the cohesive force of the material is larger, the hydrolysis resistance is better, the reaction speed is faster, and the construction environment requirements of hydraulic engineering are more satisfied.
The corresponding relation between the NCO content of the polyurea group A component and the content of urea bonds and urethane bonds is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
| NCO content/% | Urea bond/×10 20 /g | Urethane bond/. Times.10 20 /g |
| 6 | 4.01 | 4.01 |
| 8 | 6.02 | 3.61 |
| 10 | 7.07 | 3.40 |
| 12 | 8.66 | 3.08 |
| 15 | 10.70 | 2.68 |
| 17 | 12.22 | 2.37 |
| 20 | 14.05 | 2.01 |
To ensure a high urea linkage content, the NCO content of the polyurea-based A component should be controlled to 16% -25% so that the urea linkage to urethane linkage content is maintained above 5:1. When the NCO content is low, the prepolymer has high molecular weight and low reactivity, the spraying construction is greatly influenced by the environment, the strength and cohesive energy of the material are low, and the durability is poor. When the NCO content is higher, the prepolymer has low molecular weight and high reactivity, the spraying construction is less affected by the environment, and the sprayed polyurea elastomer has better strength and hardness and higher cohesive energy. In addition, the adopted bi-component polyurea-based material contains the super water wetting agent and the amino-terminated polybutadiene, so that the binding force of a wet interface and the durability of long-term blisters of the elastomer coating can be improved, and the good water environment use stability is provided for a hydraulic building.
As shown in Table 4, the NCO content is preferably greater than 16% in the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, the formula is 18%, the strong cohesive force and the compact molecular arrangement block the path of the water immersed material, and in addition, the material contains the super water wetting agent and the amino-terminated polybutadiene, so that the adhesion force of a wet interface and the durability of long-term blisters of the elastomer coating can be improved, and the good water environment use stability is provided for a hydraulic building.
The relation between the NCO content of the polyurea group A component and the mechanical properties of the polyurea material is shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5
Example 1
The composite seepage-proofing system is applied to seepage-proofing embodiments of expansion joints of the water delivery tunnels and the box culverts, and the water delivery tunnels do not need to be impact-resistant and wear-resistant, do not need to be exposed to sunlight, but need to be soaked in water for a long time, and the base material surface belongs to a wet base surface during construction. Thus, the use of a composite barrier system in this application field is: epoxy primer layer for wet interface + epoxy modified two-component polyurethane primer layer + two-component polyurea-based elastomer coating.
The expansion joints of the water delivery tunnel (shown in fig. 4A) and the box culvert (shown in fig. 4B) are shown by arrows, and the composite seepage-proofing system provided by the embodiment is coated on the expansion joints.
FIG. 4C is a schematic structural view of the composite barrier system of the present embodiment, which is seen to span the joint between two concrete structures and extend about 30 cm to each side.
Example 2
In the anti-seepage embodiment of the composite anti-seepage system provided by the invention applied to channels and aqueducts, the channels and the aqueducts do not need to be anti-impact and wear-resistant, but need to be exposed to sunlight for a long time, and water alternation are repeated, so that the composite anti-seepage system is used in the application field:
(1) The composite impermeable system is used for the expansion joint of the channel (shown as a figure 5A) as shown by an arrow, and comprises the following steps: an epoxy primer layer, a single-component polyurethane primer layer, a polyurethane elastomer coating and a top coat layer which are used for a drying interface;
(2) The expansion joint is used for an aqueduct (shown as an arrow) (shown as a figure 5B), and the composite seepage prevention system is as follows: epoxy primer layer used for the drying interface + one-component polyurethane primer layer + acrylate elastomer coating + topcoat layer.
FIG. 5C is a schematic structural view of the composite barrier system of the present embodiment, which is seen to span the joint between two concrete structures and extend about 30 cm to each side.
In summary, in the above embodiments 1 and 2, the existing seepage prevention system laid at the expansion joint positions of the water delivery tunnel, the box culvert, the canal and the aqueduct will have water seepage condition after soaking for three months, the seepage prevention system will fall off and peel off after soaking for more than half a year, the use of the water delivery tunnel, the canal and the aqueduct is seriously affected, so that the waterproof material has to be coated again, and the construction cost is increased. The composite anti-seepage system has good long-term water-soaking-resistant and anti-abrasion effects, not only can improve the durability of a hydraulic structure, but also avoids the cost of repeated repair and economic loss caused by water cut-off in the operation process of the general anti-seepage system.
Example 3
The composite anti-seepage system provided by the invention is applied to anti-seepage, anti-impact and wear-resistant embodiments of spillways and spillways, and spillways need to be washed by high-speed water flow (20-40 m/s), so that the composite anti-seepage system applied to the field needs to have anti-impact and wear-resistant performances, and the composite anti-seepage system is used in the application field as follows:
(1) The composite seepage-proofing, impact-proofing and wear-resisting system used for the surface of the spillway tunnel (shown in figure 6A) is as follows: epoxy primer layer + silica sand + epoxy modified two-component polyurethane primer layer + rubber-based elastomer coating (PBC-328) used to wet the interface;
(2) For the surface of spillways (as in fig. 6B), the composite impermeable, impact-resistant and wear-resistant system used was: an epoxy primer layer + silica sand + epoxy modified two-component polyurethane primer layer + two-component polyurea-based elastomer coating used at the dry interface;
fig. 6C is a block diagram of the composite barrier system of this example, from which it can be seen that the abrasion resistance of the composite barrier system can be increased by laying a silica sand layer in the primer layer.
The existing seepage prevention system laid on the spillway and the spillway tunnel is weak in binding force with the spillway tunnel and the spillway tunnel, poor in abrasion resistance, shearing resistance and poor in impact resistance, water seepage and peeling off can occur at the initial stage of operation, the use of the spillway tunnel and the spillway tunnel is affected, so that seepage prevention materials have to be coated again, construction cost is increased and delay in use is caused, a silica sand layer is added into the composite seepage prevention system provided by the embodiment, the abrasion resistance of the seepage prevention system to water impact can be greatly improved, special primer layers are coated and firmly combined on the spillway tunnel and the spillway tunnel, the seepage prevention system is not easy to peel off and fall off, the polyurea-based seepage prevention system in the embodiment shows good impact resistance and abrasion resistance, in practical application, the seepage prevention system is well-known to be tested in experimental application in a laboratory, the ageing resistance time of the seepage prevention system can reach more than 30 years, good long-term water immersion and abrasion resistance effects are not only can be improved, but also economic losses caused by repeated repair in the operation process of a general seepage prevention system are avoided.
Example 4
The composite seepage prevention system provided by the invention is applied to seepage prevention embodiments of weak-age concrete dams. In order to shorten the construction period, the composite anti-seepage system is usually constructed on the surface of the weak-age concrete, so that the composite anti-seepage system is used in the application field as follows: epoxy primer layer + silica sand + epoxy modified two-component polyurethane primer layer + two-component polyurea-based elastomer coating + topcoat layer used at the wet interface.
In use, the composite seepage-proofing system provided by the embodiment is coated on the surface of a weak-age concrete dam (as shown in fig. 7A), and fig. 7B is a schematic structural diagram thereof.
The wet surface epoxy primer is used, so that the polyurea anti-seepage system provided by the invention can be applied to the surface of weak concrete which is cured for 1 day after pouring, and the weak concrete contains water, so that the anti-seepage coating system used in the prior art can be applied to the surface of weak concrete after the concrete is poured for more than 28 days, and other systems are very easy to generate the conditions of unstable adhesion and easy spalling in use when being coated on the surface of weak concrete, and the special epoxy primer applicable to a wet interface in the composite anti-seepage system provided by the embodiment can enable the polyurea composite anti-seepage system to be firmly combined on the surface of the concrete.
From the above embodiments, it can be seen that the composite anti-seepage system provided by the present invention has the following characteristics:
1. forming a primer layer taking the epoxy primer as a main body, and spraying or brushing an organic polymer material on the primer layer to form a polymer elastomer waterproof coating.
2. The primer is a primer material for wet surface, and a primer layer may be formed on the surface of concrete in a wet state or in a weak age stage, and a polymer elastomer coating waterproof layer may be formed on the primer layer.
3. The waterproof layer on the surface of the hydraulic building is washed by high-speed water flow, and the waterproof layer is required to be firmly adhered to the surface of the concrete. Therefore, the outer waterproof layer adopts a polymer elastomer anti-seepage coating, and the lower base surface of the outer waterproof layer is a primer layer mainly made of epoxy resin materials. The waterproof layer is composed of a coating waterproof layer and a primer layer of an underlying surface.
The composite seepage-proofing system has excellent waterproof performance and better bonding strength (3.0N/mm) to the surface of concrete 2 The above) and is excellent in abrasion resistance, shear resistance, impact resistance and the like, and even if the concrete surface is subjected to great friction and scouring, the conventional waterproof method cannot achieve such a protective state, the formation efficiency of the waterproof layer is higher than that of the conventional various waterproof layers, and particularly, as a material for a wetted surface in the first primer layer, the waterproof layer can be coated on the weak concrete surface which is cured for 1 day after pouring, and can ensure good adhesive strength. Therefore, the construction of the waterproof layer can be immediately carried out after the concrete is poured and the demoulding is carried out, the manufacturing period of the hydraulic building can be shortened, and the completion time of the whole engineering can be shortened.
Claims (4)
1. The composite seepage-proofing system suitable for the hydraulic building is characterized by comprising a primer layer and a coating waterproof layer;
wherein the primer layer comprises a first coating and/or an epoxy putty layer and a second coating;
the first coating is an epoxy primer for a wet or dry concrete base;
the second coating is polyurethane primer;
the waterproof layer of the coating is made of a polymer elastomer material;
the epoxy primer consists of an epoxy primer A component and an epoxy primer B component, wherein the epoxy primer A component is dopamine modified epoxy main resin, and the epoxy primer B component consists of a cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main curing agent, an interfacial agent, an accelerator, a defoaming agent, a leveling wetting agent, an antioxidant and a colorant;
when the water content of the concrete surface is not more than 8%, the epoxy primer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dopamine modified epoxy main body resin, 50 parts of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main body curing agent, 0.5 part of interface agent, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of flatting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant and 3.3 parts of colorant;
when the water content of the concrete surface is higher than 8%, the epoxy primer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dopamine modified epoxy main body resin, 15 parts of cardanol modified aliphatic polyamine main body curing agent, 0.5 part of interface agent, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant and 3.3 parts of colorant;
the interfacial agent is KH550, the promoter is AH, the defoamer is BYK530, the flatting agent is BYK525, the antioxidant is 1010 and the colorant is colored color paste;
the epoxy putty is prepared from epoxy primer and filler according to a ratio of 2:1, wherein the filler is fumed silica;
the polyurethane primer is a single-component polyurethane primer or a bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer;
wherein, the single-component polyurethane primer consists of crude MDI and PTMG1000 according to the weight ratio of 7:11, a proportionally synthesized isocyanate prepolymer;
the two-component epoxy modified polyurethane primer is prepared by mixing epoxy modified polyether and isocyanate prepolymer according to the weight ratio of 3:1;
the high polymer elastomer material is polyurea elastomer material, polyurethane elastomer material, acrylic resin, rubber resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin or high polymer mortar material;
the polyurea elastomer material is a polyurea elastomer material;
the polyurea-based elastomer material is formed by reacting a polyurea-based A component and a polyurea-based B component, wherein the volume ratio of the polyurea-based A component to the polyurea-based B component is 1:1;
the NCO content of the polyurea group A component is 16-25%, and the composition is as follows: 100-150 parts of isocyanate, 15-40 parts of tetrahydrofuran polyether, 40-80 parts of propylene oxide polyether and 3-10 parts of a super water impregnating compound;
wherein the super water impregnating compound is synthesized by the reaction of dopamine and dimethylolpropionic acid according to the weight ratio of 1:1;
the polyurea group B comprises the following components: 55-95 parts of amine terminated polyether, 28-45 parts of amine chain extender, 0.4 part of defoamer, 0.3 part of flatting agent, 0.2 part of hydrolysis resistance agent, 5 parts of colorant, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.2 part of interface agent, 0.2 part of ultraviolet absorber, 0.3 part of liquid rosin glyceride adhesive and 5-15 parts of amine terminated polybutadiene.
2. The composite anti-seepage system according to claim 1, wherein a silica sand layer is arranged between the first coating and/or the epoxy putty layer and the second coating, and the silica sand layer is 20-50 mesh silica sand;
and/or, another finish paint layer is arranged on the waterproof layer of the coating film;
the finishing paint layer comprises a finishing paint A component and a finishing paint B component according to the following weight ratio of 4:3, mixing;
wherein the component A of the finish paint is prepared by mixing hydrogenated MDI, PTMG1000 and propylene carbonate solvent according to the proportion of 100 parts, 100 parts and 40 parts by weight;
the component B of the finish paint is prepared by mixing 150 parts by weight of polyaspartic acid ester resin chain extender and 30 parts by weight of solvent propylene carbonate.
3. A method for constructing a concrete surface of a hydraulic building using the composite barrier system of claim 1, comprising the steps of,
1) Coating the first primer layer and/or epoxy putty layer on the concrete surface of hydraulic building byThe amount is 0.3-0.5 kg/m 2 The interval time between the brushing and the next layer is 6-24 hours;
2) Spraying or brushing a second primer layer with the dosage of 0.08-0.1 kg/m 2 The interval time between spraying or brushing and the next layer is 3-12 hours;
3) Spraying or brushing a high polymer elastomer material with the dosage of 3.5-6.0 kg/m 2 Forming a waterproof coating and a protective layer.
4. A method for constructing a concrete surface of a hydraulic building using the composite barrier system of claim 2,
1) Coating a first primer layer and/or an epoxy putty layer on the concrete surface of the hydraulic building, wherein the dosage is 0.3-0.5 kg/m 2 The interval time between the brushing and the next layer is 6-24 hours;
1a) According to 0.7-1.0 kg/m 2 Spraying silica sand in the amount of the powder;
2) Spraying or brushing a second primer layer with the dosage of 0.08-0.1 kg/m 2 The interval time between spraying or brushing and the next layer is 3-12 hours;
3) Spraying or brushing a high polymer elastomer material with the dosage of 3.5-6.0 kg/m 2 Forming a coating film waterproof and protective layer; and/or
4) And spraying or brushing a layer of finish paint on the surface of the waterproof layer of the coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.15 mm.
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| CN110527414B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-04-20 | 湘江涂料科技有限公司 | Slow-speed polyurea primer-topcoat coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN111187563B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2022-07-15 | 顺缔高新材料江苏有限公司 | Special high-binding-force hydrolysis-resistant polyurea primer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112095688B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-12-10 | 上海固密特新材料科技有限公司 | Single-component polyurea repairing method for surface of hydraulic water release structure |
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| CN114857409A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-08-05 | 山东非金属材料研究所 | Protective coating system for outer wall of high-risk pipeline |
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