CN107827772B - Cation modified asphalt emulsifier, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cation modified asphalt emulsifier, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
- C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C237/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C237/10—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2395/00—Bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2409/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08J2409/06—Copolymers with styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2453/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2453/02—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
Abstract
The invention discloses a cation modified asphalt emulsifier, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the cation modified asphalt emulsifier comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing long-chain alkyl primary amine, a cationic acrylamide monomer and an alcohol solvent, and reacting for 2-12h at 40-80 ℃ to obtain a reaction product, wherein the molar ratio of the long-chain alkyl primary amine to the cationic acrylamide monomer to the alcohol solvent is 1.00: (2.02-2.10): (5.00-10.00). When the modified asphalt emulsifier is used for preparing soap solution, protonation can be carried out under an acidic condition, so that the water solubility of the modified asphalt emulsifier is further enhanced; the asphalt emulsifier provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, mild synthesis conditions, simple process and strong adaptability to asphalt, and is suitable for large-scale production. The emulsifying agent has good emulsifying property, and the prepared emulsified asphalt has strong storage stability and good adhesion with aggregate, and can meet the practical engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cation modified asphalt emulsifier, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the crossing field of road industry and applied chemistry.
Background
The emulsified asphalt is an oil-in-water type asphalt emulsion prepared from asphalt and an emulsifier under certain process conditions, and has the characteristics of convenience in use, environmental protection and energy conservation. The coating can be used for the construction of newly-built roads, such as adhesive layer oil, permeable layer oil and the like; can also be used for preparing cold-mix materials, slurry seal layers and the like. Plays an increasingly important role in the fields of road construction and maintenance. The core technology for preparing emulsified asphalt is asphalt emulsifier, which has attracted the interest of researchers in recent years.
The cationic emulsified asphalt has the characteristics of strong adhesion with aggregate, good storage stability and the like, becomes a hotspot of research and is widely applied. At present, quaternary ammonium salt type cationic asphalt emulsifiers are researched more and are generally of a medium-cracking type or a quick-cracking type. Quaternary ammonium salt type cationic emulsifiers with different molecular structures can be respectively applied to the field of emulsified asphalt such as slurry seal coat, permeable coat, sticky coat and the like. At present, higher requirements are provided for the performance of the emulsified asphalt aiming at the application fields of the adhesive layer of high-performance road surfaces such as drainage asphalt pavement, ultrathin wearing layer, bridge pavement and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an emulsifier capable of emulsifying modified asphalt, and the emulsifier is used for preparing modified emulsified asphalt such as SBS emulsified asphalt or high viscosity emulsified asphalt.
Patent CN103274972A discloses a zwitterionic modified asphalt emulsifier containing quaternary ammonium salt, which can emulsify modified asphalt, and the storage stability and permeability of the prepared modified emulsified asphalt are improved. However, the emulsifier needs to be compounded with polyoxyethylene ether for use. In addition, the cationic center is small and the storage stability is to be further improved. Patent CN105885060A discloses a lignin polyamine quaternary ammonium salt cationic asphalt emulsifier, and the prepared emulsified asphalt has good emulsifying property. However, because the raw material adopts lignin extracted from the papermaking black liquor, the stability of the raw material source and the product performance is difficult to ensure. Patent CN103333136A discloses a preparation method of a polyaminoamide cationic asphalt emulsifier, and the prepared emulsified asphalt has good stability and less dosage of the asphalt emulsifier. However, the synthesis of the emulsifier requires a high temperature reaction. Patent CN106831478A discloses a multi-cation tertiary amide medium-or slow-cracking asphalt emulsifier, and the prepared emulsified asphalt has excellent emulsifying performance and less emulsifier consumption. The synthesis method has mild conditions, but has more synthesis steps. In addition, the emulsifier can emulsify different base asphalts, but the emulsifying ability of modified asphalts is not described.
Disclosure of Invention
The quaternary ammonium salt type cationic asphalt emulsifier has the following problems: the synthesis steps are complicated, and high-temperature reaction is needed for preparation; the raw material source is unstable; the prepared emulsifier is difficult to emulsify modified asphalt and the like. The novel quaternary ammonium salt type cation modified asphalt emulsifier is prepared by simple synthesis steps and a mild synthesis method, and not only can the modified asphalt be emulsified, but also the prepared emulsified asphalt has high stability.
The invention aims to provide a cation modified asphalt emulsifier, a preparation method and application thereof. The prepared asphalt emulsifier has simple synthesis steps and mild conditions, and is suitable for industrial production. The asphalt emulsifier contains two cation centers, protonation can occur to a certain degree in the process of preparing soap solution, the water solubility of the asphalt emulsifier is further increased, and the stability of the modified emulsified asphalt can be effectively improved.
The invention provides a cation modified asphalt emulsifier, which has the following structural general formula:
wherein R is1One selected from hexadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl; r2Is one of H and methyl.
The cationic modified asphalt emulsifier has the following synthetic route:
the preparation method of the cation modified asphalt emulsifier comprises the following steps: adding long-chain primary amine into an alcohol solvent for dissolving, then adding a cationic acrylamide monomer, and stirring and reacting for 2-12 hours at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ to prepare a cationic modified asphalt emulsifier;
the mole ratio of the long-chain primary amine to the cationic acrylamide monomer to the alcohol solvent is 1.00: (2.02-2.10): (5.00-10.00).
The alcohol solvent is any one or more of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol;
the long-chain primary amine is any one of hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, nonadecylamine and eicosylamine;
the cationic acrylamide monomer is acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
The invention also provides application of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier in preparation of adhesive layer modified emulsified asphalt.
The invention provides a preparation method of cation modified emulsified asphalt, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the cation modified asphalt emulsifier into water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare a soap solution; wherein the mass of the cation modified asphalt emulsifier is 3.0-4.0% of the mass of the soap solution.
(2) Heating the soap solution prepared in the step (1) to 60-70 ℃, adding the heated soap solution into a colloid mill, directly adding modified asphalt with the same mass as the soap solution, and preparing cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification;
wherein the modified asphalt is SBS modified asphalt or self-made modified asphalt.
The self-made modified asphalt is prepared by mixing base asphalt and a modifier, wherein the modifier is one or two of SBR and SBS, and the mixing amount of the modifier is 4-6% of the mass of the base asphalt.
The matrix asphalt is preferably No. 70 matrix asphalt.
The cation modified asphalt emulsifier prepared by the invention can actually generate protonation to a certain degree in the process of preparing soap solution, and further enhance the water solubility of the emulsifier, and the principle is as follows:
the raw materials are easy to obtain, the synthesis method is simple, and only one-step reaction is needed. In addition, the reaction condition is mild, high-temperature reaction is not needed, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.
The invention synthesizes the cation modified asphalt emulsifier with a brand new structure based on the redesign of the molecular structure. The invention firstly introduces two quaternary ammonium salt type cationic acrylamide monomers of acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as raw materials for directly preparing the asphalt emulsifier. Quaternary ammonium salt cations with a symmetrical structure are introduced into the molecular structure of the emulsifier through a simple one-step reaction, and the integral structure of the emulsifier has two cation centers and is good in water solubility. In addition, the emulsifying capacity of the emulsifier is comprehensively considered, and the proper long-chain alkyl primary amine is selectively selected. In the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine structure on the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic condition, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced. At this time, the emulsifier is actually a polycationic structure, and the asphalt particles are dispersed by mutual charge repulsion, so that the stability of the emulsified asphalt is further improved.
The invention has the following positive and beneficial technical effects:
(1) the quaternary ammonium salt type cationic acrylamide monomer is directly introduced for the first time to be used for preparing the asphalt emulsifier. Through one-step addition reaction and protonation in the soap solution preparation process, various hydrophilic groups such as quaternary ammonium salt, amido, tertiary amino and the like are directly introduced, so that the hydrophilicity of the emulsifier and the compatibility of the emulsifier and asphalt are improved; in addition, the emulsifier has more cationic charges, and the storage stability of the emulsion can be further improved.
(2) The synthetic raw materials such as long-chain primary amine, cationic acrylamide monomer and the like are easy to obtain, the synthetic method is simple, the condition is mild, and high-temperature reaction is not needed.
(3) The prepared cation modified asphalt emulsifier has strong adaptability with asphalt, and can emulsify various modified asphalt besides matrix asphalt.
(4) The cation modified asphalt emulsifier prepared by the invention has better emulsifying property, and the prepared emulsified asphalt has excellent performances and smaller emulsion particle size, and meets various standards of cation emulsified asphalt formulated by the ministry of communications. The cationic asphalt emulsifier has the characteristics of quick cracking and medium cracking, and can be applied to the spreading of road permeable layers and adhesive layers and the construction in other fields.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples of emulsified bitumen without limiting the scope of the invention. The acrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer and the methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer used in the present invention are commercially available liquid monomers with a mass fraction of 50%.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of cation modified asphalt emulsifier
27.0g of octadecylamine (0.10mol) is added into 27.6g of ethanol (0.60mol) for dissolution, 84.5g of acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer (0.205mol) is added, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, so that the cation modified asphalt emulsifier can be prepared and is reserved for an emulsified asphalt test.
The reaction equation is as follows:
wherein, in the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine group of the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic environment, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced.
(2) Preparation of cation modified emulsified asphalt
Adding 7.5g of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier in the embodiment into a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare 250g of soap solution; heating the soap solution to 60 ℃, adding the soap solution into a colloid mill, then directly adding 250g of SBS modified asphalt, and preparing the cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification.
(3) Emulsified asphalt performance detection
The performance detection method of the adhesive layer emulsified asphalt refers to technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, JTG-F402004).
TABLE 1 Property data of the cationically modified emulsified asphalt prepared in example 1
Example 2
(1) Preparation of cation modified asphalt emulsifier
27.0g of octadecylamine (0.10mol) is added into 23.0g of ethanol (0.50mol) for dissolution, 92.6g of methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer (0.210mol) is added, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 8 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, so that the cation modified asphalt emulsifier can be prepared and is reserved for an emulsified asphalt test.
The reaction equation is as follows:
wherein, in the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine group of the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic environment, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced.
(2) Preparation of cation modified emulsified asphalt
Adding 10.0g of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier into a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare 250g of soap solution; heating the soap solution to 65 ℃ and adding the soap solution into a colloid mill, then directly adding 250g of modified asphalt, and preparing the cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification. Wherein the modified asphalt is a mixture of 70# base asphalt and SBR latex, and the mass fraction of the SBR latex is 4 percent of that of the base asphalt.
(3) Emulsified asphalt performance detection
The performance detection method of the adhesive layer emulsified asphalt refers to technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, JTG-F402004).
TABLE 2 Properties of the cationically modified emulsified asphalt prepared in example 2
Example 3
(1) Preparation of cation modified asphalt emulsifier
Adding 24.1g of hexadecylamine (0.10mol) into 22.4g of methanol (0.70mol) for dissolving, then adding 84.3g of acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer (0.204mol), stirring and reacting for 12 hours at 40 ℃, and preparing the cation modified asphalt emulsifier for the test of emulsified asphalt.
The reaction equation is as follows:
wherein, in the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine group of the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic environment, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced.
(2) Preparation of cation modified emulsified asphalt
Adding 9.0g of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier in the embodiment into a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare 250g of soap solution; and heating the soap solution to 60 ℃, adding the soap solution into a colloid mill, directly adding the soap solution into 250g of modified asphalt, and preparing the cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification. Wherein the modified asphalt is a mixture of 70# base asphalt and SBS latex, and the mass fraction of the SBS latex is 4% of that of the base asphalt.
(3) Emulsified asphalt performance detection
The performance detection method of the adhesive layer emulsified asphalt refers to technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, JTG-F402004).
TABLE 3 Properties of the cationically modified emulsified asphalt prepared in example 3
Example 4
(1) Preparation of cation modified asphalt emulsifier
Adding 29.7g of eicosamine (0.10mol) into 60.0g of isopropanol (1.00mol) for dissolving, then adding 85.9g of acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer (0.208mol), stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃, and preparing the cation modified asphalt emulsifier for the test of emulsified asphalt.
The reaction equation is as follows:
wherein, in the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine group of the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic environment, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced.
(2) Preparation of cation modified emulsified asphalt
Adding 9.0g of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier in the embodiment into a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare 250g of soap solution; heating the soap solution to 60 ℃, adding the soap solution into a colloid mill, then directly adding 250g of SBS modified asphalt, and preparing the cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification.
(3) Performance detection of cation modified emulsified asphalt
The performance detection method of the adhesive layer emulsified asphalt refers to technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, JTG-F402004).
Table 4 data on properties of the cationic modified emulsified asphalt obtained in example 4
Example 5
(1) Preparation of cation modified asphalt emulsifier
Adding 24.1g of hexadecylamine (0.10mol) into 36.8g of ethanol (0.80mol) for dissolving, then adding 90.8g of methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer (0.206mol), stirring and reacting for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and preparing the cation modified asphalt emulsifier for an emulsified asphalt test.
The reaction equation is as follows:
wherein, in the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine group of the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic environment, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced.
(2) Preparation of cation modified emulsified asphalt
Adding 9.0g of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier in the embodiment into a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare 250g of soap solution; heating the soap solution to 70 ℃, adding the soap solution into a colloid mill, then directly adding 250g of modified asphalt, and preparing the cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification. The modified asphalt is prepared from 70# base asphalt, SBS and SBR particles through high-speed shearing development, wherein the mass fractions of the SBR and the SBS are respectively 2% and 3% of the base asphalt.
(3) Emulsified asphalt performance detection
The performance detection method of the adhesive layer emulsified asphalt refers to technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, JTG-F402004).
TABLE 5 Properties of the cationically modified emulsified asphalt prepared in example 5
Example 6
(1) Preparation of cation modified asphalt emulsifier
28.3g of nonadecamine (0.10mol) is added into 27.6g of ethanol (0.60mol) to be dissolved, 89.1g of methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride monomer (0.202mol) is added, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 7 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃, so that the cation modified asphalt emulsifier can be prepared and is reserved for an emulsified asphalt test.
The reaction equation is as follows:
wherein, in the process of preparing the soap solution, the tertiary amine group of the emulsifier can be protonated to a certain degree under the acidic environment, so that the water solubility of the emulsifier is further enhanced.
(2) Preparation of cation modified emulsified asphalt
Adding 9.0g of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier in the embodiment into a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare a soap solution; heating the soap solution to 70 ℃, adding the soap solution into a colloid mill, then directly adding 250g of modified asphalt, and preparing the cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification. The modified asphalt is prepared from 70# base asphalt, SBS and SBR particles through high-speed shearing development, wherein the mass fractions of the SBR and the SBS are respectively 3% and 3% of the base asphalt.
(3) Emulsified asphalt performance detection
The performance detection method of the adhesive layer emulsified asphalt refers to technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, JTG-F402004).
TABLE 6 Properties of the cationically modified emulsified asphalt prepared in example 6
The data in each table show that the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, mild synthesis conditions and easy large-scale production; the emulsifying agent has good emulsifying performance, and the prepared emulsified asphalt has strong storage stability and strong adhesion with aggregate. The comprehensive performance is better, and the requirements of actual engineering can be met.
Claims (6)
1. The cation modified asphalt emulsifier is characterized by having the following structural general formula:
wherein R is1One selected from hexadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl; r2Is one of H and methyl.
2. The method for preparing the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding long-chain primary amine into an alcohol solvent for dissolving, then adding a cationic acrylamide monomer, and stirring and reacting for 2-12 hours at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ to prepare a cationic modified asphalt emulsifier;
the mole ratio of the long-chain primary amine to the cationic acrylamide monomer to the alcohol solvent is 1.00: (2.02-2.10): (5.00-10.00).
3. The method for preparing the cation modified asphalt emulsifier according to claim 2, wherein the alcohol solvent is any one or more of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol;
the long-chain primary amine is any one of hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, nonadecylamine and eicosylamine;
the cationic acrylamide monomer is acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
4. Use of the cationic modified asphalt emulsifier of claim 1 in the preparation of a skim-modified emulsified asphalt.
5. A method for producing a cation-modified emulsified asphalt comprising the cation-modified asphalt emulsifier of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding the cation modified asphalt emulsifier into water, and adjusting the pH to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid to prepare a soap solution; wherein the mass of the cation modified asphalt emulsifier is 3.0-4.0% of the mass of the soap solution;
(2) heating the soap solution prepared in the step (1) to 60-70 ℃, adding the heated soap solution into a colloid mill, directly adding modified asphalt with the same mass as the soap solution prepared in the step (1), and preparing cation modified emulsified asphalt through emulsification;
wherein the modified asphalt is SBS modified asphalt or self-made modified asphalt;
the self-made modified asphalt is formed by mixing base asphalt and a modifier, wherein the modifier is SBR or a mixture of SBR and SBS; the mixing amount of the modifier is 4-6% of the mass of the matrix asphalt.
6. The method for preparing the cationic modified emulsified asphalt as claimed in claim 5, wherein the base asphalt is No. 70 base asphalt.
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