CN107827091A - A kind of protonation is modified class graphitic nitralloy carbon material and its preparation and the application in lithium ion battery negative material - Google Patents
A kind of protonation is modified class graphitic nitralloy carbon material and its preparation and the application in lithium ion battery negative material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107827091A CN107827091A CN201711153821.9A CN201711153821A CN107827091A CN 107827091 A CN107827091 A CN 107827091A CN 201711153821 A CN201711153821 A CN 201711153821A CN 107827091 A CN107827091 A CN 107827091A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/0605—Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of modified class graphitic nitralloy carbon material of protonation and its preparation and the application in lithium ion battery negative material, by g C3N4It is dispersed in and contains H+Hydro-thermal reaction is carried out in the aqueous solution, produces the modified g C of protonation3N4Material, g C3N4With the modified g C of protonation3N4Material is good with respect to graphite stable, and electro-chemical activity is high, is used as lithium ion battery negative material, efficiency for charge-discharge is high, and has good cyclical stability and high charge-discharge specific capacity.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to protonate modified g-C the present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery negative material3N4Material with
And preparation method thereof and the application in lithium ion battery negative material, belong to technical field of lithium ion.
Background technology
With continuous consumption of the mankind to fossil energy, energy crisis and problem of environmental pollution increasingly sharpen.Chemical energy source
Generation on the one hand can reduce environmental pollution, alleviate energy shortage the problem of, on the other hand also provided for our life
Great convenience.Lithium ion battery, which has, to have extended cycle life, and energy density is high, the advantage such as memory-less effect, is widely used
In the electronic products such as notebook computer, mobile phone and electric automobile field.It is commercial generally using graphite type material as lithium ion
The negative pole of battery, battery in charge and discharge process lithium ion in the reversible insertion of graphite layers and abjection.Graphitized carbon material conduct
During lithium ion battery negative material, the insertion current potential of lithium is in below 0.25V (relative to Li+/ Li current potential).By generation LiC6Change
Compound is come to calculate its theoretical specific capacity be 372mAhg-1.Graphite type material have one it is fatal the drawbacks of, lithium ion stone after deintercalation repeatedly
Ink sheet layer is easily peeled off, and destroys the structure of electrode；Meanwhile larger piece interlamellar spacing also causes embedded lithium ion to assemble to be formed
Li dendrite, cause battery short circuit.The performance of negative material largely affects the overall performance of battery.Preferable lithium from
Sub- cell negative electrode material should possess following characteristics：
(1) there is higher theoretical specific capacity；
(2) intercalation potential of material is as far as possible low, but can not avoid producing lithium branch its embedding lithium simultaneously close to the current potential of lithium metal
Current potential can not be higher by too much, otherwise can not provide higher operating voltage；
(3) lithium ion can carry out the insertion and abjection of high reversible in the material, holding preferably circulate it is qualitative and times
Rate performance；
(4) material should have preferable heat endurance, preferable with the compatibility of electrolyte, easily be prepared into electrode；
(5) the preparation cost of material is reasonable, and safe preparation process is nontoxic.
Nanostructured class graphite carbonitride (g-C3N4) it is a kind of attracting nano material, compared with other materials, g-
C3N4Huge potentiality are all shown in terms of fundamental research and practical application, it has unique electronic structure and excellent
Chemical stability, the g-C of different structure3N4Not only there is the advantages that high rigidity, low-friction coefficient and appropriate chemical inertness,
Great potential is also shown in terms of energy conversion and storage, can be from simple presoma because they are made up of carbon and nitrogen
It is prepared, and preparation method is simple, and cost is low.Carried in recent years by the catalyst as not metallic components and catalyst
Body, your gold such as selectivity conversion, photochemical catalyzing, hydrogen reduction and Au, Pd, Ag, Pt of organo-functional group be widely used in
The load of category；It is used for H as hard mould agent2、CO2Storage and nano metal nitrogen (oxygen) compound preparation；.
The content of the invention
The defects of existing for prior art, of the invention first purpose be to provide a kind of stability it is good, electrochemical
Learn the high protonation of activity and be modified g-C3N4Material.
Second object of the present invention be to provide it is a kind of it is simple to operate, flow is short, reaction condition is gentle, cost is low
Prepare the modified g-C of the protonation3N4The method of material, this method are advantageously implemented industrialized production.
Third object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of g-C3N4Material or the modified g-C of protonation3N4Material is as lithium
The application of ion battery cathode material, is used it for preparing negative electrode of lithium ion battery, and discharge and recharge is shown for lithium ion battery
The advantages that specific capacity is high, good cycle.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the invention provides one kind to protonate modified g-C3N4The preparation method of material, should
Method is by g-C3N4It is dispersed in and contains H+In the aqueous solution, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out at a temperature of 120~200 DEG C, is produced.
Preferable scheme, it is described to contain H+The H that the aqueous solution includes+Concentration is less than 2mol L-1；Preferably 0.5~2mol L-1。
More preferably scheme, it is described to contain H+The aqueous solution be the aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, in salpeter solution at least
It is a kind of；More preferably it is hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution or salpeter solution.
Preferable scheme, the g-C3N4Containing H+Concentration in the aqueous solution is 10~100mg/L.
More preferably scheme, the g-C3N4Forged by dicyanodiamine and/or melamine raw material at a temperature of 400~600 DEG C
Burning obtains.Being taken in calcination process can be carried out under protective atmosphere, such as nitrogen and/or argon gas, directly can also be forged in atmosphere
Burn.
Preferable scheme, the g-C3N4It is placed in and contains H+0.5~2h of supersound process is carried out in the aqueous solution.
Preferable scheme, the hydro-thermal reaction time are 1~10h.
The invention provides one kind to protonate modified g-C3N4Material, it is obtained by above-mentioned preparation method.
Present invention also offers one kind to protonate modified g-C3N4The application of material, as negative electrode of lithium ion battery material
The application of material.
Present invention also offers a kind of g-C3N4The application of material, as the application of lithium ion battery negative material.
The g-C of the present invention3N4Material is obtained by the way of thermal polycondensation by dicyanodiamine and/or melamine as raw material,
Mainly comprising following two structures (such as (a) triazine ring and (b) 3s- triazine rings molecular structure)：
The protonation of the present invention is modified g-C3N4Material is mainly by g-C3N4Material carries out hydro-thermal reaction, profit with Bronsted acid
Use g-C3N4The triazine ring or 3s- triazine rings that are included in material combines Hydrogen Proton, greatly improves g-C3N4The electrochemistry of material is lived
Property, so that the modified g-C of protonation3N4Material can be used for lithium ion battery negative material, and show excellent electrochemistry
Performance.
The protonation that technical solution of the present invention uses is modified g-C3N4Material or g-C3N4Material has and layer as graphite-phase
Shape structure, g-C3N4Piece interlamellar spacing about 0.326nm, it is smaller than graphite flake layer spacing (0.335nm), but than metallic lithium atoms diameter
(0.152nm) greatly, lithium ion can be in g-C3N4Piece intercalation abjection, and can suppress to a certain extent Li dendrite life
Into.And N atoms, which introduce, causes carbonnitrogen bond to have certain polarity, and the g-C under the adhesion effect of Hydrogen Proton3N4Lamella
Between active force it is big compared with graphite, therefore g-C3N4Lamella is not easy to be stripped, and the structural stability of material is preferable, and g-C3N4
Less than 600 DEG C can be stabilized in atmosphere, have the heat endurance more much higher than graphite.Particularly protonate modified g-
C3N4Material, electro-chemical activity are significantly improved, and are applied to lithium ion battery negative material, and lithium ion battery can be met to length
Circulation and the demand of high security.
G-C prepared by the present invention3N4Comprising two kinds of possible structure type s- triazine structures and 3s triazine structures, pass through
Density functional theory (DFT) calculates the g-C for showing 3s- triazine structures3N4It is more stable.
Compared with the prior art, the advantageous effects that the technical scheme of the present patent application is brought：
The g-C of the present invention3N4Material and the modified g-C of protonation3N4Material preparation method is simple and easy, strong operability, cost
It is low.
The g-C of the present invention3N4Material and the modified g-C of protonation3N4Material is good compared to graphite material stability, and electrochemistry is lived
Property it is high.
The g-C of the present invention3N4Material and the modified g-C of protonation3N4Materials application is in lithium ion battery, g-C3N4Material conduct
Lithium ion battery negative material, 100mA g-1Constant current charge-discharge under current density, circulates its specific capacity and is always maintained at for 300 times
100mAhg-1It is unattenuated；And the protonation obtained after peracid treatment is modified g-C3N4Material, 100mA g-1It is permanent under current density
Discharge and recharge is flowed, its specific capacity is circulated and is always maintained at 150mA h g for 300 times-1It is unattenuated；g-C3N4Material and the modified g- of protonation
C3N4Material is high close to 100% as the efficiency for charge-discharge of negative pole.
Brief description of the drawings
【Fig. 1】The g-C prepared for the different temperatures of embodiment 1~33N4SEM figure：A, b are 500 DEG C of preparations；C, d 550
℃；E, f are 600 DEG C；
【Fig. 2】The g-C prepared for embodiment 13N4TG figure；
【Fig. 3】For the g-C prepared under the different temperatures of embodiment 1~33N4XRD；
【Fig. 4】For the g-C of 550 DEG C of preparations in embodiment 13N4Cyclic voltammetry figure；
【Fig. 5】For the g-C prepared under the different temperatures of embodiment 1~33N4Charge-discharge test curve；
【Fig. 6】For the g-C after 4~7 different acid treatments of embodiment3N4SEM figures, a is HCl treatment, and b is sulfuric acid treatment, c
For nitric acid treatment, d is water process；
【Fig. 7】For the g-C after 4~7 different acid treatments of embodiment3N4XRD；
【Fig. 8】For the g-C after 4~7 different acid treatments of embodiment3N4Charge-discharge test.
【Fig. 9】For untreated g-C3N4Charge-discharge test.
Embodiment
Following examples are the further explanations to the present invention, rather than limit the protection domain of invention.
Embodiment 1
Weigh 5g dicyanodiamine, under nitrogen atmosphere, 10 DEG C/min heating rate, 500 DEG C of insulation 4h are abundant by product
Grinding.
Embodiment 2
Weigh 5g dicyanodiamine, under nitrogen atmosphere, 10 DEG C/min heating rate, 550 DEG C of insulation 4h are abundant by product
Grinding.
Embodiment 3
Weigh 5g dicyanodiamine, under nitrogen atmosphere, 10 DEG C/min heating rate, 600 DEG C of insulation 4h are abundant by product
Grinding.
Embodiment 4
Weigh the g-C of the preparation of 1g embodiments 23N4, it is placed on 60ml 1mol L-1In hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonic 30min makes
Its is dispersed.Dispersion liquid after ultrasound is transferred in 100ml reactors, carries out hydro-thermal reaction in an oven, reaction temperature is
160 DEG C, a length of 6 hours during reaction.Obtained product filters, and is washed with deionized to pH=7,60 DEG C in vacuum drying chamber
Dry the g-C that 24h is protonated3N4。
Embodiment 5
Weigh the g-C of the preparation of 1g embodiments 23N4, it is placed on 60ml 1mol L-1In salpeter solution, ultrasonic 30min makes
Its is dispersed.Dispersion liquid after ultrasound is transferred in 100ml reactors, carries out hydro-thermal reaction in an oven, reaction temperature is
160 DEG C, a length of 6 hours during reaction.Obtained product filters, and is washed with deionized to pH=7,60 DEG C in vacuum drying chamber
Dry the g-C that 24h is protonated3N4。
Embodiment 6
Weigh the g-C of the preparation of 1g embodiments 23N4, it is placed on 60ml 0.5mol L-1In sulfuric acid solution, ultrasonic 30min
Make its dispersed.Dispersion liquid after ultrasound is transferred in 100ml reactors, carries out hydro-thermal reaction, reaction temperature in an oven
For 160 DEG C, a length of 6 hours during reaction.Obtained product filters, and is washed with deionized to pH=7,60 in vacuum drying chamber
DEG C dry the g-C that are protonated of 24h3N4。
Embodiment 7
Weigh the g-C of the preparation of 1g embodiments 23N4, it is placed in 60ml pure water solutions, ultrasonic 30min makes it uniformly divide
Dissipate.Dispersion liquid after ultrasound is transferred in 100ml reactors, carries out hydro-thermal reaction in an oven, reaction temperature is 160 DEG C, instead
It is seasonable a length of 6 hours.Obtained product filters, and is washed with deionized to pH=7,60 DEG C of dry 24h in vacuum drying chamber
The g-C protonated3N4。
Embodiment 8
Prepare g-C3N4Electrode film：
The composition of negative electrode film is respectively the g-C of protonation3N4Prepared by embodiment 4~7, acetylene black, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), its
Mass ratio is 6:2:2, by drying, cutting out film, tabletting；
Assembled battery：
Celgard2300 perforated membranes are as barrier film, metal lithium sheet as negative plate, g-C3N4Electrode film is positive pole, addition electricity
Solve liquid.2025 button cells are assembled into the glove box full of high-purity argon gas.
Battery performance is tested：
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out using blue electrical measurement test system.100mA g-1Constant current charge-discharge under current density, voltage
Section 0.01-3V.
Claims (10)
1. the modified g-C of one kind protonation3N4The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that：By g-C3N4It is dispersed in water or acid solution
In, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out at a temperature of 120~200 DEG C, is produced.
A kind of 2. modified g-C of protonation according to claim 13N4The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that：It is described to contain H+The H that the aqueous solution includes+Concentration is less than 2mol L-1。
A kind of 3. modified g-C of protonation according to claim 23N4The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that：It is described to contain H+The aqueous solution is at least one of the aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, salpeter solution.
A kind of 4. modified g-C of protonation according to any one of claims 1 to 33N4The preparation method of material, its feature exist
In：The g-C3N4Containing H+Concentration in the aqueous solution is 10~100mg/L.
A kind of 5. modified g-C of protonation according to claim 43N4The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that：The g-
C3N4Obtained by dicyanodiamine and/or melamine raw material in 400~600 DEG C of temperature lower calcinations.
A kind of 6. modified g-C of protonation according to any one of claims 1 to 33N4The preparation method of material, its feature exist
In：The g-C3N4It is placed in and contains H+0.5~2h of supersound process is carried out in the aqueous solution, makes g-C3N4It is dispersed in and contains H+In the aqueous solution.
A kind of 7. modified g-C of protonation according to any one of claims 1 to 33N4The preparation method of material, its feature exist
In：The hydro-thermal reaction time is 1~10h.
8. the modified g-C of one kind protonation3N4Material, it is characterised in that：Obtained by any one of claim 1~7 preparation method
Arrive.
9. the protonation described in claim 8 is modified g-C3N4The application of material, it is characterised in that：As negative electrode of lithium ion battery
The application of material.
A kind of 10. g-C3N4The application of material, it is characterised in that：Application as lithium ion battery negative material.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110548534A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-10 | 常州大学 | preparation method of amino-modified flaky carbon nitride photocatalytic material |
| CN110581262A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-17 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Material preparation method, nitrogen-doped carbon material, battery and storage medium |
| CN113603068A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-05 | 大连海事大学 | Preparation method of protonated carbon nitride and application of protonated carbon nitride in carbon-based perovskite solar cell |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110581262A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-17 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Material preparation method, nitrogen-doped carbon material, battery and storage medium |
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| CN113603068A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-05 | 大连海事大学 | Preparation method of protonated carbon nitride and application of protonated carbon nitride in carbon-based perovskite solar cell |
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