CN107815419A - A kind of method of nutrient utilization rate after raising straw-returning - Google Patents
A kind of method of nutrient utilization rate after raising straw-returning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of nutrient utilization rate after raising straw-returning, including：Crop material is stayed to carry out straw-returning after harvest；Deep ploughed after spreading fertilizer over the fields chemical fertilizer and straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, straw decomposing composite bacteria agent includes trichoderma reesei, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma, whiterot fungi, bacillus subtilis, Clostridium cellulovorans, raw spore food fiber bacterium, streptomycete, acetobacter and photosynthetic bacteria.This method uses part straw-returning, promotes the sprouting of succession crop seed and the growth of seedling, increases favorable factor in crop allelopathy；Using the combination of chemical fertilizer after straw-returning and straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, the content of raising soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium；Ensureing that yield reduces fertilizer application simultaneously, avoiding excessive fertilization from causing soil nutrient saturation, unnecessary nutrient loss, the problems such as water pollution.The present invention provides reference for the application of existing straw-returning, has important actual application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, and in particular to the side of nutrient utilization rate is improved after straw-returning
Method.
Background technology
China possesses abundant stalk resource, and annual stalk yield is at 700,000,000 tons or so, and statistics shows, stalk is used as
Fuel ratio is very big, crop straw burning bring very overall situation harm, arbitrarily burn cause PM2.5, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
NH3、VOC、POPS, the pollutant such as PAH largely discharge, not only serious waste of resources, more causes the pollution of air.Straw-returning
It is an important Agricultural management system, can increases the content of soil organic substance, and the raising that soil organic substance is horizontal
Be not only soil fertility rising important indicator, while be also global warming under the conditions of, how using soil carbon retention slow down temperature
One of target that room effect is pursued, therefore, straw-returning have important production and ecological benefits.
But, Returning Application of Crop Straw is also faced with many problems at present.
First, straw-returning is commonly encountered the phenomenon of rear stubble crop production reduction in actual applications, there are some researches show this be by
In the allelopathy of stalk.Allelopathy refers to the metabolic secretion thing of plant or microorganism to other plants in environment or micro- life
Thing is favourable or detrimental effect.Such as the research such as horse Yongqing finds that sprouting of the wheat straw leaching liquor to corn seed has an impact, Yang Si
Deposit etc. and to point out that maize straw reduces wheat biological yield to the allelopathy of wheat seedling in the allelopathy of straw-returning
As many as 60.8%.Zhang Baoshen et al. is investigated to the Allelopathic Effect in Plants in Chinese agricultural production, the results showed that, allelopathic is made
The generally existing in agricultural production practice, and it is very big to impact of agricultural production.So allelopathic is considered during Returning Application of Crop Straw
Effect may be to the influence of succession crop.
Furthermore containing the cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin that are largely not easily decomposed in stalk, be difficult under nature by
Microorganism decomposition.From the point of view of Major organic species composition：Stalk residuum mainly contain carbohydrate, cellulose hemicellulose,
Lignin, lipid, nitrogen-containing compound, tanning material and ashy substance.Cellulose, hemicellulose this be stalk residuum content most
More one kind.Cellulose chemistry complicated component, glucose only can be just converted under concentrated acid alkali.Hemicellulose is more unstable,
In diluted acid aqueous slkali, it will usually decompose.Lignin is baroque a kind of high-molecular compound, is contained than cellulose more
Carbon and less oxygen, be with the presence of methoxyl group the characteristics of lignin, its content accounts for the 5-22% of lignin, and hydroxyl, methoxy
Base, hydrogen atom etc. are linked on the carbon atom of phenyl ring, are combined into chain, the infinite in length of chain, and lignin is most difficult to decompose.How will
These materials for being difficult to decompose are turned waste into wealth and the straw-returning emphasis to be considered.
In addition, crop material contains abundant organic matter and inorganic nutrients, if same with being applied before non-straw-returning
Fertilizer, not only increase peasant planting cost, be unfavorable for increasing peasant income, can also cause excessive fertilization, so as to cause soil nutrient
Saturation, unnecessary nutrient loss, the problems such as further easily causing water pollution, it is unfavorable for sustainable development.
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned Railway Project, the method for proposing nutrient utilization rate after a kind of raising straw-returning, is
The application of existing straw-returning provides reference, has important actual application value.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of nutrient utilization rate after raising straw-returning, including：
(1) crop material is stayed to carry out straw-returning after harvesting；
(2) deep ploughed after spreading fertilizer over the fields chemical fertilizer and straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, the straw decomposing composite bacteria agent include trichoderma reesei,
Aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma, whiterot fungi, bacillus subtilis, Clostridium cellulovorans, raw spore food fiber bacterium, streptomycete, acetobacter and photosynthetic
Bacterium.
Further, the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei 10-20%；Aspergillus oryzae 3-15%；Trichoderma 5-20%；Whiterot fungi
10-20%；Bacillus subtilis 15-20%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10-20%；Raw spore food fiber bacterium 3-10%；Streptomycete 10-
20%；Acetobacter 5-15%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5-15%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei 17%；Aspergillus oryzae 4%；Trichoderma 15%；Whiterot fungi 15%；Withered grass
Bacillus 15%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10%；Raw spore food fiber bacterium 4%；Streptomycete 10%；Acetobacter 5%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5%.
Further, crop part stalk is stayed to carry out straw chopping and returning.
Further, fertilizer application amount, which subtracts, applies 20-50%.It is furthermore preferred that chemical fertilizer, which subtracts, applies 20%.
The nutrient is soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium.
Preferably, crop is cereal crops.
Preferably, cereal crops are with rice, corn, beans, potato class, highland barley, broad bean, wheat；It is furthermore preferred that crop is
Corn.
Preferably, crop part stalk is stayed to be used for straw-returning.
The method of nutrient utilization rate promotes succession crop kind by part straw-returning after above-mentioned raising straw-returning
The sprouting of son and the growth of seedling, increase favorable factor in crop allelopathy, reduce its unfavorable factor；After straw-returning
The combination of chemical fertilizer and straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium is improved, is subtracted by chemical fertilizer
Apply and avoid excessive fertilization while reducing planting cost, so as to cause soil nutrient saturation, unnecessary nutrient loss, further easily
The problems such as causing water pollution.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, straw decomposing composite bacteria agent includes Richter scale wood
Mould, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma, whiterot fungi, bacillus subtilis, Clostridium cellulovorans, raw spore food fiber bacterium, streptomycete, acetobacter and
Photosynthetic bacteria.
Further, the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei 10-20%；Aspergillus oryzae 3-15%；Trichoderma 5-20%；Whiterot fungi
10-20%；Bacillus subtilis 15-20%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10-20%；Raw spore food fiber bacterium 3-10%；Streptomycete 10-
20%；Acetobacter 5-15%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5-15%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei 17%；Aspergillus oryzae 4%；Trichoderma 15%；Whiterot fungi 15%；Withered grass
Bacillus 15%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10%；Raw spore food fiber bacterium 4%；Streptomycete 10%；Acetobacter 5%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5%.
Definition：
Allelochemical is the secondary metabolite of plant, including aldehydes matter, terpene substances, alkaloid etc..Generally pass through
Root, stem, leaf discharge into environment, the growth and development of other plant can be influenceed, in crop yield, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.
There is extremely important application.The part of crops returning to the field is mainly stalk, and stalk infusion after moisture soaks can enter to bury
Earth, allelopathic composition are very likely to seed sprouting, growth of seedling or even crop yield to succession crop etc. in this way
A series of normal activities impact.
Bacterium is one kind of prokaryotic micro-organisms, is that a kind of shape is carefully short, simple in construction, is bred more in a manner of binary fission
Prokaryotes, be in the organism that distributed in nature is most wide, individual amount is most, be being primarily involved in for the Nature material circulation
Person.Bacterium of the present invention mainly has bacillus subtilis, Clostridium cellulovorans, raw spore food fiber bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria and acetic acid bar
Bacterium.
Photosynthetic bacteria is also known as photosynthetic bacteria, is to occur generally existing in earliest, nature on the earth, have the synthesis of original luminous energy
The prokaryotes of system, it is the general name for not put the photosynthetic bacterium of oxygen under anaerobic, is that one kind does not form bud
The Gram-negative bacteria of spore ability, be one kind using light as the energy, nature can be utilized under anaerobism illumination or aerobic dark condition
Organic matter, sulfide, ammonia in boundary etc. carry out photosynthetic microorganism as hydrogen donor and carbon source.Photosynthetic bacteria is widely distributed
In the soil of nature, paddy field, marsh, lake, Jiang Hai etc..
Acetobacter is that one kind can make carbohydrate and alcohol oxidation into the brevibacterium of the products such as acetic acid.Acetobacter does not have bud
Spore, it is impossible to move, have aerobic strain and anaerobic type strain concurrently.
Fungi is a kind of eucaryote, has the heterotrophic organism of nucleus and cell membrane, cell membrane is mainly crust
Element.Fungi belongs to saprogen without photosynthesis, and food is obtained via degenerating and absorbing ambient substance.It is divided into
Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina.Its trophosome is except a small number of low classes
Type is the mycelium being made up of very thin tubulose mycelia mostly to be unicellular outer.Fungi of the present invention be mainly trichoderma reesei,
Aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma and whiterot fungi.
Actinomyces are a kind of mainly in mycelial growth and with the more powerful prokaryotes of the terrestrial of sporogenesis.Cause exists
Radially grow and gain the name on solid medium.Most of branch mycelia for having prosperity.Mycelia is very thin, and width is bordering on shaft-like thin
Bacterium, about 0.5~1 micron.It can be divided into:Vegetative hyphae, also known as matrix mycelia, major function are to absorb nutriment, and what is had produces
Raw different pigment, it is the important evidence of strain idenfication；Aerial hyphae, storied on vegetative hyphae, also known as two level mycelia.This hair
The bright actinomyces being related to are mainly streptomycete.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is maize straw leaching liquor to corn and the influence figure of wheat relative germination rate
Fig. 2 is maize straw leaching liquor on corn and wheat leaf blade MDA content influence figures
Embodiment
Influence of the maize straw leaching liquor of embodiment 1 to corn and wheat germination and growth of seedling
1.1 test method
The preparation of maize straw leaching liquor：Band leaf maize straw after natural air drying is cut into 1-3cm or so sections, weighed
2kg adds 20L distilled water, soaks 48h under 37 degrees Celsius, be concentrated by evaporation in batches in Rotary Evaporators after filtering in container
To 2L, obtain 1gDW/m1 solution, then dilute respectively, obtain 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.5,1gDW/ml leaching liquors it is standby.
Budding test process：Using commercially available corn, wheat seed as material to be tested, select full active
Each 1200 of seed, and with 1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate.It is allocated as 6 groups at random.Each processing is repeated 4 times.Selection corn,
Each 50 of wheat seed in being equipped with the culture dish of two layers of filter paper, respectively into each culture dish add 15m1 0.05,0.1,
0.2nd, 0.5,1gDW/ml stalk leaching liquor, CK add equivalent sterile distilled water, 25 DEG C of cultures, change a leaching liquor within every two days,
Using half of the bud length more than or equal to seed length as germination standard, chitting piece number, and root are counted respectively at 2,4,6,8, l0 days
Germination percentage is calculated according to germinative number：Germination percentage GR=germinative number/50 × 100%.
Crop seedling allelopathy test process：Using pot experiment, after seed sprouting, corn is kept a full stand of seedings 4 plants per basin, wheat
For 8 plants, 5 processing are respectively set, 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.5,1 and control group are respectively labeled as according to concentration is descending.Seed sprouting
Each processing plus stalk leaching liquor 20m1, control group add 20m1 sterile distilled waters afterwards, and each processing sets 4 repetitions.Respectively at corn,
Wheat tri-leaf period carries out MAD measure.
1.2 result of the test
For influence of the clearer display maize straw leaching liquor to corn and wheat seeds sprouting, germination percentage is being measured
Afterwards, further data are handled, each packet percentage of seedgermination is subtracted into control group percentage of seedgermination, obtains corn and wheat
Relative germination rate, as a result as shown in Figure 1, compared with the control, maize straw leaching liquor can promote corn and wheat seeds sprouting,
But the influence to corn seed germination rate is more than the influence to wheat seed germinating rate, stalk leaching liquor concentration is 0.2g
It is optimal to corn seed germination rate facilitation during DW/ml, with the rise of stalk leaching liquor concentration, under facilitation is gradual
Drop, stalk leaching liquor concentration have been obviously promoted when being 0.05gDW/ml to wheat seed germinating rate, but this promotion does not have
Having has too many change because of the change of extract concentration, and with the rise of concentration, downward trend is presented.Show maize straw
Be advantageous to the sprouting of rear stubble corn or wheat seed after returning to the field, especially in a small amount of straw-returning, this facilitation is more
Substantially.
MAD contents can reflect that plant is injured effect by adverse circumstance.After the processing of various concentrations maize straw leaching liquor,
Corn and wheat leaf blade MDA contents with the increase of stalk leaching liquor concentration, presentation first rise reduce again again elevated trend (see
Shown in Fig. 2).In maize straw leaching liquor allelochemical to corn produce double action, when concentration is less than 0.1gDW/ml with
Adverse circumstance injury is of great impact when concentration is more than 1gDW/ml, when especially concentration is more than 1gDW/ml, but is in concentration
0.2gDW/ml is to can reduce injury of the adverse circumstance to seedling between 0.5gDW/ml.Each test group blade MDA contents of wheat are equal
Higher than control group, illustrate that allelochemical generates injury to wheat in maize straw leaching liquor, and be 0.1gDW/ml in concentration
Influenceed with adverse circumstance injury during 1gDW/ml maximum.
At present, maize straw direct returning to farmland technology mode mainly has：Stubble in field, part straw chopping and returning technology, straw
Stalk full dose crushes and turns over returning to the field, stalk crushes total crop return technology, whole stalk complete turns over returning to the field technology, No-tillage with Straw Cover cultivation
Technology mode etc..According to existing research, with reference to allelopathic experimental result of the present invention, it is proposed that carry out part powder of straw to field crop
Broken returning to the field.
The optimization and detection of the straw decomposing microbial inoculum of embodiment 2
The preparation of 2.1 straw decomposing composite bacteria agents
| The species of bacterium | The ratio (mass ratio) of bacterium |
| Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma Reesei) | 10-20% |
| Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) | 3-15% |
| Trichoderma (Trichoderma) | 5-20% |
| Whiterot fungi (Phanerochaete Chrysosprium) | 10-20% |
| Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) | 15-20% |
| Clostridium cellulovorans (Clostridium cellulovorans) | 10-20% |
| Raw spore food fiber bacterium (Sporocytophaga) | 3-10% |
| Streptomycete (Streptomyces) | 10-20% |
| Acetobacter | 5-15% |
| Photosynthetic bacteria | 5-15% |
The above-mentioned total living bacteria count of straw decomposing composite bacteria agent is 1-2 × 108Individual/mL.
Above-mentioned straw decomposing composite bacteria agent includes bacterium, fungi and actinomyces, overcome single microorganism to rich in cellulose,
The problem of capacity of decomposition of the baroque polymer substance such as hemicellulose and lignin is limited, mutually assist between Mixed Microbes
Together, interdepend, have preferably activity and discomposing effect compared to single bacterium.Trichoderma reesei, aspergillus oryzae, food fiber shuttle in compound bacteria
Bacterium, raw spore food fiber bacterium are rich in the cellulase of high-efficiency decomposition of cellulose；Trichoderma, bacillus subtilis are fine rich in efficient-decomposition half
Tie up the hemicellulase of element；Whiterot fungi, streptomycete are rich in the lignoenzyme of efficient-decomposition lignin；Photosynthetic bacteria will using solar energy
The hydrogen in sulphur hydrogen and hydrocarbon in soil is separated, and change harmful substance is innocuous substance, and with carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc.
Synthesize carbohydrate, amino acid, cellulose, biofermentation material etc., and then getting fat soil；Acetobacter absorbs carbohydrate from photosynthetic bacteria
Fixed nitrogen, fixed nitrogen part supply plant, another part are then returned into photosynthetic bacteria.Decomposing straw needs multienzyme
It is, there is obvious synergy between enzyme component, so, it is desirable to the cooperation of more bacterial strains, it is complementary to one another, stalk could be promoted
Decomposition, there is stronger interaction especially between bacterium and fungi, actinomyces using the nitrogen that photosynthetic bacteria produces as
Matrix, on the one hand promote Population of Actinomycetes to increase, antibiotics caused by another aspect actinomyces, plant for disease can be increased
Resistance and immunity.However, it is necessary to explanation, the effects of multiple bacterium be not the arithmetic of simple effect add and, it is of the invention
Strain be by practice continue to optimize combination obtain.
In the present invention ratio of bacterium can according to different crop materials its cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin difference
It is adjusted.By taking maize straw as an example, cellulose accounts for 35-40% in maize straw, and hemicellulose accounts for 25-30%, wooden
Element accounts for 15-20%, and straw decomposing microbial inoculum used is recommended as：
| The species of bacterium | The ratio (mass ratio) of bacterium |
| Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma Reesei) | 17% |
| Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) | 4% |
| Trichoderma (Trichoderma) | 15% |
| Whiterot fungi (Phanerochaete Chrysosprium) | 15% |
| Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) | 15% |
| Clostridium cellulovorans (Clostridium cellulovorans) | 10% |
| Raw spore food fiber bacterium (Sporocytophaga) | 4% |
| Streptomycete (Streptomyces) | 10% |
| Azorhizobium caulinadans (Azorhizobium caulinodans) | 5% |
| Rhodospirillum rubrum (Rhodospirillum rubrum) | 5% |
The above-mentioned total living bacteria count of straw decomposing composite bacteria agent is 1-2 × 108Individual/mL.
2.2 basin alms bowl small-scale experiments
Maize straw is cut into and is about 1-3cm or so, with distilled water immersion one day, is dissolved in quick-acting C, N sources therein
In water, blank control group is then not added with any microbial inoculum, experimental group 1 is composite bacteria agent of the present invention, and experimental group 2 is commercially available rotten bar
Bacteria microorganism microbial inoculum, experimental group 3 are that document report straw decomposing inoculant is (bacillus subtilis 15-20%, aspergillus oryzae 15-20%, inner
The flat lead fungi 10-15% of family name's trichoderma 30-40%, yellow spore, Geobacillus stearothermophilus 10-20%), it is respectively put into and soaked water
Basin alms bowl small-scale experiment is done in the flowerpot of stalk, control does not do any processing, observes and record the decomposed situation of each group maize straw.
As a result show, compared with not connecing the blank control of bacterium, three groups of composite bacteria agents can decomposition maize straw rapidly, but
Composite bacteria agent provided by the invention was observed, composite bacteria agent of the present invention the earliest of startup of degrading of corn by the cultures of 10 days
Group maize straw is degradable, becomes black, and darker in color is bright without ammonia taste and acid smell, display photosynthetic bacteria action effect
Aobvious, holding is got up, and texture is soft, moist, and the smell with soil, fiber follows the string, light to draw i.e. disconnected, the taking-up decomposed thing in part
Material, by material-water ratio 1:After 5 add clear water stirring, stand, pH is stable 7.5 or so, it is believed that stalk decomposed completion, and can
With by its direct returning to farmland.Maize straw degraded is complete when commercially available microbial inoculum and the straw decomposing inoculant of document report 20 days, slightly sour
Stink.
Influence of the 2.3 straw decomposing composite bacteria agents to soil organic matter content
Field experiment is carried out to the straw decomposing composite bacteria agent of corn, probes into its influence to soil organic matter content.Choosing
Take one piece just to gather in the soil of corn, be divided into 9 fritters, 3 groups, every group of 3 repetitions, one group of control removes stalk, and another two
Group uses part straw chopping and returning, and one of which adds the straw decomposing compound bacteria that suitable corn provided by the invention decomposes
Agent, the mass ratio of soil with organic matter is measured after 15 days.Relative to control soil, simple straw-returning group soil organism increase
Foot 0.2%, and it is simple straw-returning group 4% or so to have used the increase of the straw decomposing composite bacteria agent group soil organism
20 times, show straw decomposing composite bacteria agent provided by the invention during straw-returning so that crop organic matter obtains effective profit
With having good application prospect.
Embodiment 3 carries out influence of the straw-returning to soil fertility using straw decomposing composite bacteria agent
Corn wheat crop rotation is in the majority in agricultural planting, therefore using typical corn-wheat Rotation System as research object, survey
Determine straw decomposing composite bacteria agent and carry out influence to soil fertility after maize straw, and the influence to wheat fertilizing.
3.1 experiment packets
Field experiment sets 5 processing altogether, and each processing sets 3 repetitions.Straw-returning mode is part straw chopping and returning.
If non-straw-returning traditional fertilization is control group (CK groups), other 4 groups include：Simple maize straw group+traditional fertilization group
(A groups), the decomposed composite bacteria agent group of maize straw+maize straw (B groups), maize straw+maize straw are decomposed compound
The decomposed composite bacteria agent group of microbial inoculum group+traditional fertilization group (C groups), maize straw+maize straw+optimization decrement fertilising group (D
Group).Wherein, the fertilising of optimization decrement subtracts 20%.
3.2 test method
Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is determined with alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, rapid available phosphorus sodium acid carbonate-anti-colorimetric method of platinum antimony, available potassium acetic acid
Ammonium-flare photometer.
Sampling every month in after planting 1-3 months once carries out data record and analysis.
3.3 result of the test
3.3.1 straw decomposing composite bacteria agent carries out influence of the straw-returning to soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content
The height of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content can be used directly to weigh the Nitrogen offerings intensity of soil, therefore select soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
Index can characterize the confession nitrogen ability of soil.Numerous studies show Single fertilizer, and this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer only has 30% or so, do not had
It is fully used.Maize straw adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content to apply fertilizer more merely decline, examines
Maize straw C/N itself is considered than high, and microorganism absorbs inorganic nitrogen intrinsic in soil with crop competition after returning to the field, so stalk
It need to coordinate during returning to the field and apply a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer to adjust Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon nitrogen ratio, nitrogenous fertilizer and maize straw are with after applying, due to jade
High C/N inducing microbial nitrogen fixations, promote maize straw mineralising, add soil and support in the soil of rice straw-returning
Point, Nitrogen utilization rate significantly improves, and adds 10% compared with the control, nitrogenous fertilizer adds straw decomposing to answer with maize straw
Close microbial inoculum and match somebody with somebody Shi Zuzhong, the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is largely increased, and increases 31% compared with the control.Maize straw is also
Field adds the decomposed composite bacteria agent group of maize straw to add in optimization decrement fertilising group, and the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is also significantly carried
Height, nearly 25% is increased compared with the control.
As a result illustrate, straw-returning adds the decomposed composite bacteria agent Fertilizers of maize straw to be remarkably improved soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and contained
Amount.It is noted that in three sub-samplings, several groups of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents of straw-returning processing have progressively with wheat growth
Increased trend, and the trend gradually reduced is presented with wheat growth for soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the sub-sampling of control group three.Certainly,
This is possible to not yet have much relations into growth vigorous period with wheat, but also reflects straw-returning in fertilizer slow release
Potential good behaviour.
3.3.2 straw decomposing composite bacteria agent carries out influence of the straw-returning to content of soil available phosphor
Phosphorus element can promote the development of root system, promote wheat morning tiller, improve wheat cold-resistant, drought-resistant ability, moreover it is possible to accelerate
Filling process, makes that wheat berry is more, grain is satisfied, and maturation, is one of essential nutrient of growth and development of plants ahead of time.Corn stalk
Stalk returning to the field adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent content of soil available phosphor to apply fertilizer more merely decline, and maize straw is with after to fertilize, soil
Available phosphorus content substantially increases, and adds about 24% compared with the control, and its main cause may is that soil humic mass-energy and hardly possible
The phosphorus of dissolubility reacts, and adds the solubility of phosphorus, and especially in calacareous soil, phosphorus is often combined into insoluble phosphoric acid with calcium
Calcium, and after being acted on humus, the calcium monohydrogen phosphate of solubility can be generated, P availability is added, is easily absorbed by crops profit
With.Maize straw adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent with group to fertilize, in soil the content night of rapid available phosphorus significantly carried
Height, about 39% is increased compared with the control.Maize straw adds the decomposed composite bacteria agent group of maize straw to add optimization decrement fertilising
In group, the content of available phosphorus is also largely increased in soil, increases nearly 33% compared with the control.
As a result illustrate, straw-returning adds the decomposed composite bacteria agent Fertilizers of maize straw to be remarkably improved soil quick-effective phosphor and contained
Amount.And in three sub-samplings, several groups of content of soil available phosphor of straw-returning processing are stepped up with wheat growth, the 3rd
Left and right is doubled during secondary sampling more for the first time, and content of soil available phosphor is presented with wheat growth in the sub-sampling of control group three
The trend gradually reduced.On the one hand analysis is propulsion over time, progressively decomposition, nutrient are released stalk, the Date of Sampling
All before wheat during jointing stage, growth animated period is introduced into, crop is relatively slow to the absorption rate of nutrient, therefore at this
Between rapid available phosphorus in section soil show ascendant trend.On the other hand, the decomposed composite bacteria agent of maize straw provided by the invention increases
Add phosphatase activity in edaphon and soil, accelerate Corn Stalk Decomposition, produce carbonic acid and organic acid, above material can
Utilize the activation and release of P elements.Control group is then because fertilizer as base manure uses single fertilization, without secondary fertilising, wheat
Grow and nutrient is absorbed from soil, therefore content of available phosphorus in soil gradually reduces.
3.3.3 straw decomposing composite bacteria agent carries out influence of the straw-returning to Soil Available potassium content
Potassium is one of important nutrient of plant, and the regulation to plant metabolism plays an important role.Potassium in soil with
The states of various mineral and salt is present, and can not be largely that plant absorption utilizes, only quick-acting potassium (including water-soluble potassium and
Exchangeable potassium) could be that plant absorption utilizes.Therefore, the content of quick-acting potassium in soil is determined for judging that potassium supplies in soil
Situation is answered to have great importance.After maize straw is matched somebody with somebody to fertilize, though available potassium in soils content, which is applied fertilizer more merely, increase,
Different sample phase differences are different, and maize straw adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent Soil Available potassium content soil available nitrogen to contain
The relatively simple fertilising of amount declines, and maize straw adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, and with group to fertilize, soil effective K contains
Amount night effectively improves, and increases about 20% compared with the control, maize straw adds the decomposed composite bacteria agent group of maize straw
Add in optimization decrement fertilising group, the content of effective potassium is also improved significantly in soil, increases nearly 14% compared with the control.
As a result illustrate, straw-returning adds the decomposed composite bacteria agent Fertilizers of maize straw to be remarkably improved soil available nitrogen and contained
Amount.In three sub-samplings, the rule of reduction after first increasing is presented in control group Soil Available potassium content, and straw-returning is matched somebody with somebody to be located to fertilize
Reason A group Soil Available potassium contents first increase with wheat growth to be reduced afterwards, but overall relatively simple fertilising increased, and maize straw is also
Field adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent to be significantly improved with C in combination D group effective K contents to fertilize compared with control.
Shown by above-mentioned experiment, when straw-returning adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, with the soil of Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20% applied
Middle alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are still in higher level, from saving fertilising cost and environmental pollution angle,
It is recommended that chemical fertilizer subtracts and applies 20-50% when straw-returning adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent.
Embodiment 4 carries out influence of the straw-returning to crop yield using straw decomposing composite bacteria agent
Wheat is planted using field plot trial, control group is that or not returning to the field with to fertilize, test group 1 is not corn to maize straw
For straw-returning with to fertilize, experimental group 2 is that maize straw adds chemical fertilizer of the straw decomposing composite bacteria agent with the decrement 20% applied,
Every group sets 3 repetitions.Each group wheat singles singly receive, and survey yield.
As a result show, compared with the stalk not control group of returning to the field, maize straw is with treatment group wheat yield to fertilize
Nearly 10% is added, maize straw, which adds straw decomposing composite bacteria agent to match somebody with somebody the chemical fertilizer group wheat yield for the decrement 20% applied, to be increased
Nearly 21%.Add straw decomposing composite bacteria agent wheat plant can be promoted to grow, uprise plant height, grain number per spike increase it is notable, solid
Rate improves, obvious effect of increasing production.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment is that the present invention is expanded on further, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and it is not intended that right
The limitation of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that：In the case where not departing from the principle and objective of the present invention
These embodiments can be made various changes and modifications.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of nutrient utilization rate after raising straw-returning, including：
(1) crop material is stayed to carry out straw-returning after harvesting；
(2) deep ploughed after spreading fertilizer over the fields chemical fertilizer and straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, the straw decomposing composite bacteria agent includes trichoderma reesei, meter Qu
Mould, trichoderma, whiterot fungi, bacillus subtilis, Clostridium cellulovorans, raw spore food fiber bacterium, streptomycete, acetobacter and photosynthetic bacteria.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei 10-20%；Meter Qu
Mould 3-15%；Trichoderma 5-20%；Whiterot fungi 10-20%；Bacillus subtilis 15-20%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10-20%；Raw spore
Eat fiber bacterium 3-10%；Streptomycete 10-20%；Acetobacter 5-15%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5-15%.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei 17%；Aspergillus oryzae
4%；Trichoderma 15%；Whiterot fungi 15%；Bacillus subtilis 15%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10%；Raw spore food fiber bacterium 4%；Strepto-
Bacterium 10%；Acetobacter 5%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5%.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that stay crop part stalk to carry out straw chopping and returning.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that fertilizer application amount, which subtracts, applies 20-50%.
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterised in that crop is cereal crops, it is preferred that crop is corn.
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the nutrient be soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and
Available potassium.
8. a kind of straw decomposing composite bacteria agent, straw decomposing composite bacteria agent includes trichoderma reesei, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma, whiterot fungi, withered
Careless bacillus, Clostridium cellulovorans, raw spore food fiber bacterium, streptomycete, acetobacter and photosynthetic bacteria, it is characterised in that each bacterium
Mass ratio is：Trichoderma reesei 10-20%；Aspergillus oryzae 3-15%；Trichoderma 5-20%；Whiterot fungi 10-20%；Bacillus subtilis
15-20%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10-20%；Raw spore food fiber bacterium 3-10%；Streptomycete 10-20%；Acetobacter 5-15%；Light
Close bacterium 5-15%.
9. straw decomposing composite bacteria agent according to claim 8, it is characterised in that acetobacter is stem knurl nitrogen-fixing root nodule
Bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria are Rhodospirillum rubrum.
10. straw decomposing composite bacteria agent according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of each bacterium is：Trichoderma reesei
17%；Aspergillus oryzae 4%；Trichoderma 15%；Whiterot fungi 15%；Bacillus subtilis 15%；Clostridium cellulovorans 10%；Raw spore food fiber
Bacterium 4%；Streptomycete 10%；Acetobacter 5%；Photosynthetic bacteria 5%.
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| CN110857431A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-03-03 | 吉林农业大学 | Composite microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis and used for degrading straw and application thereof |
| CN111567339A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field |
| CN112056038A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Protective farming method for returning corn straw to field partially |
| CN112226382A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-15 | 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Microbial agent for inhibiting hydrogen sulfide generated in straw returning process and application thereof |
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| CN104177137B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽飞天农用生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of microbial straw composing agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110857431B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2022-09-13 | 吉林农业大学 | Composite microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis and used for degrading straw and application thereof |
| CN111567339A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field |
| CN112056038A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Protective farming method for returning corn straw to field partially |
| CN112226382A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-15 | 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Microbial agent for inhibiting hydrogen sulfide generated in straw returning process and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180320 |