CN107812952B - Method for preparing metal powder - Google Patents
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- CN107812952B CN107812952B CN201710908666.0A CN201710908666A CN107812952B CN 107812952 B CN107812952 B CN 107812952B CN 201710908666 A CN201710908666 A CN 201710908666A CN 107812952 B CN107812952 B CN 107812952B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
- B22F2009/0876—Cooling after atomisation by gas
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal powder, including: obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment; adding at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum into the molten iron, and carrying out vacuum smelting to prepare molten steel for supersonic speed injection; carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder; cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and carrying out magnetic separation and screening on the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity; therefore, the metallurgical solid waste can be reduced into molten iron based on microwave reduction equipment, the low-cost metallurgical solid waste is converted into fine metal powder, and the process cost is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing metal powder.
Background
The metal powder is the largest powder product in the market demand, and accounts for about 50% of the market demand. However, in the prior art, only raw materials of steel ingots can be used when metal powder is prepared, and due to process technology, leftover materials such as steel sheets and the like and metallurgical solid wastes cannot be utilized, so that the process processing cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for preparing metal powder, which are used for solving the technical problem that the process cost is increased because only a specific molten steel ingot can be used as a raw material when the metal powder is prepared in the prior art.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal powder, including:
obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment;
after at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum is added into the molten iron, vacuum smelting is carried out on the molten iron to prepare molten steel for supersonic speed injection;
carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder;
and cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and magnetically separating and screening the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with corresponding granularity.
In the above scheme, the reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using a microwave reduction device includes:
mixing the metallurgical solid waste with coal dust to form a mixture;
and reducing the Fe element in the mixture by using the microwave reduction equipment based on a fluxing agent to obtain the molten iron.
In the scheme, in the ferromanganese alloy, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 0.5-2%; mn: 80-83%; fe: 14-18%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the ferrochrome, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 5-6%; fe: 15-20%; cr: 48-50%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the nickel-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.03-0.5%; fe: 30-40%; ni: 50-60%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the ferro-molybdenum alloy, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 0.1-0.2%; fe: 45-50%; mo: 48-50%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%.
In the above scheme, when the molten steel is subjected to gas atomization by using the 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment, N in the 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment2The blowing pressure of (2) is 3.5 to 4.5Mpa。
In the above scheme, the metallurgical solid waste comprises: at least one of blast furnace gas ash, dust sludge, steel slag and granulated slag.
In the scheme, the blast furnace gas ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：34.61～51.18％；
SiO2：10.77～15.09％；
CaO：5.95～10.18％；
MgO：0.64～2.21％；
Al2O3：5.22～10.18％；
ZnO: 0.28-5.16%; the balance being impurities.
In the scheme, the steel slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：20.22～24.07％；
SiO2：10.5～11.32％；
CaO：42.67～49.43％；
MnO：2.08～3.53％；
P2O5：1.51～2.15％；
Al2O3：0.66～1.09％；
MgO: 7.02-10.91%; the balance being impurities.
In the scheme, the dust mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：49.72～58.17％；
SiO2：3.77～11.25％；
CaO：4.47～6.96％；
MgO：4.38～10.26％；
Al2O3：2.99～4.05％；
ZnO: 0.99 to 10.11 percent; the balance being impurities.
In the scheme, the water granulated slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：2.76～4.16％；
SiO2：30.87～35.12％；
CaO：34.27～36.03％；
MgO：2.08～3.53％；
Al2O3：11.32～16.35％；
MgO: 0.23-0.38%; the balance being impurities.
In the scheme, the particle size of the blast furnace gas ash is 500-700 meshes; the particle size of the steel slag is 600-800 meshes; the grain size of the grain slag is 500-700 meshes.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal powder, including: obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment; after at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum is added into the molten iron, the molten iron is subjected to vacuum melting to prepare molten steel for supersonic speed injection; carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder; cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and carrying out magnetic separation and screening on the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity; therefore, the metallurgical solid waste can be reduced into molten iron based on microwave reduction equipment, the low-cost metallurgical solid waste is converted into fine metal powder, and the process cost is effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing metal powder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problem that only a specific molten steel ingot can be used as a raw material in the prior art when metal powder is prepared, so that the process cost is increased, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for preparing metal powder, which comprises the following steps: obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment; after at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum is added into the molten iron, the molten iron is subjected to vacuum melting to prepare molten steel for supersonic speed injection; carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder; and cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and magnetically separating and screening the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with corresponding granularity.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a method of preparing metal powder, as shown in fig. 1, the method including:
s101, obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment;
in order to reduce the cost for manufacturing metal powder, the metallurgical solid waste is used as a raw material in the step, and the metallurgical solid waste is reduced into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment. Wherein the metallurgical solid waste comprises: at least one of blast furnace gas ash, dust sludge, steel slag and granulated slag.
Specifically, the blast furnace gas ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：34.61～51.18％；
SiO2：10.77～15.09％；
CaO：5.95～10.18％；
MgO：0.64～2.21％；
Al2O3：5.22～10.18％；
ZnO: 0.28-5.16%; the balance being impurities.
The steel slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：20.22～24.07％；
SiO2：10.5～11.32％；
CaO：42.67～49.43％；
MnO：2.08～3.53％；
P2O5：1.51～2.15％；
Al2O3：0.66～1.09％；
MgO: 7.02-10.91%; the balance being impurities.
The dust and mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：49.72～58.17％；
SiO2：3.77～11.25％；
CaO：4.47～6.96％；
MgO：4.38～10.26％；
Al2O3：2.99～4.05％；
ZnO: 0.99 to 10.11 percent; the balance being impurities.
The granulated slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：2.76～4.16％；
SiO2：30.87～35.12％；
CaO：34.27～36.03％；
MgO：2.08～3.53％；
Al2O3：11.32～16.35％；
MgO: 0.23-0.38%; the balance being impurities.
The particle size of the blast furnace gas ash is 500-700 meshes; the particle size of the steel slag is 600-800 meshes; the grain size of the grain slag is 500-700 meshes.
And then reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment, wherein the microwave reduction equipment comprises: after simple crushing of metallurgical solid waste, mixing the metallurgical solid waste with coal powder to form a mixture; the coal dust is a reducing agent.
And finally, reducing the Fe element in the mixture under the action of a reducing agent by using a microwave magnetic field of microwave reduction equipment as an auxiliary heat source based on a fluxing agent to obtain the molten iron. Here, the flux may be sintered SDA desulfurized ash.
S102, after at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum is added into the molten iron, vacuum smelting is carried out on the molten iron, and molten steel for supersonic speed injection is prepared;
after the molten iron is obtained, the components of the molten iron need to be regulated and controlled, and molten steel for supersonic speed blowing is prepared. Specifically, at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel, and ferromolybdenum is added to the molten iron, and vacuum melting is performed to prepare molten steel for supersonic blowing.
In the manganese-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.5-2%; mn: 80-83%; fe: 14-18%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the ferrochrome, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 5-6%; fe: 15-20%; cr: 48-50%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the nickel-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.03-0.5%; fe: 30-40%; ni: 50-60%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the ferro-molybdenum alloy, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 0.1-0.2%; fe: 45-50%; mo: 48-50%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%.
S103, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder;
after the molten steel is prepared, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder;
specifically, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using a blowing device of a 3D printing vacuum gas atomization device to obtain metal powder; specifically, pouring the steel moisture in the atmosphere induction smelting furnace into a tundish of 3D printing vacuum gas atomization equipment in batches; and sequentially transferring the molten steel of the tundish into an air atomization Laval ring of the injection equipment through a guide pipe, respectively introducing high-pressure nitrogen from two sides of the air atomization Laval ring, and carrying out air atomization on the molten steel by using high-pressure high-speed airflow to obtain metal powder. Wherein the nitrogen gas N2The blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle is 3.5-4.5 MPa.
S104, cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and carrying out magnetic separation and screening on the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity;
finally, cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, carrying out magnetic separation on the cooled metal powder to remove impurities and iron powder, and screening the metal powder by using a screen to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity; the mesh number of the screen mesh comprises 380-400 meshes, 400-500 meshes, 500-600 meshes and 600-700 meshes, and finally four particle size grades of powder products for 3D printing are obtained.
The powder product is a spherical particle, and the mass percentages of the chemical components in the powder product comprise: c is less than or equal to 0.07%, Si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.035%, 16.0% is less than or equal to 18.0%, 10.0% is less than or equal to 14.0%, and 2.0% is less than or equal to 3.0%.
Example two
In practical application, when the method provided in the first embodiment is used to prepare the Fe-based ultrafine fine powder, the following concrete steps are implemented:
in order to reduce the process cost, the embodiment takes the metallurgical solid waste as a raw material, and the metallurgical solid waste is reduced into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment. Wherein the metallurgical solid waste comprises: blast furnace gas mortar and steel slag. The weight of the blast furnace gas ash is 30 kg; the steel slag is 9 kg. The particle size of the blast furnace gas ash is 500-700 meshes; the particle size of the steel slag is 600-800 meshes;
the blast furnace gas ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Serial number | TFe | SiO2 | CaO | MgO | Al2O3 | ZnO |
| 1 | 48.02 | 15.09 | 9.84 | 1.22 | 9.84 | 4.74 |
| 3 | 49.24 | 11.55 | 8.77 | 1.08 | 5.95 | 4.23 |
| 4 | 47.93 | 12.37 | 5.95 | 0.87 | 6.77 | 5.16 |
| 5 | 51.18 | 13.98 | 10.18 | 0.64 | 6.61 | 0.74 |
| 6 | 42.83 | 14.69 | 6.61 | 0.92 | 10.18 | 0.28 |
| 7 | 39.76 | 11.62 | 7.92 | — | 5.22 | 0.93 |
| 8 | 34.61 | 10.77 | 7.88 | 2.21 | 5.96 | 0.49 |
The steel slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass as shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
And then reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment, wherein the microwave reduction equipment comprises: simply crushing the steel slag, and mixing the steel slag, the blast furnace gas ash and the coal powder to form a mixture; the coal dust is a reducing agent. The weight of the pulverized coal is 18 kg.
And finally, reducing the Fe element in the mixture under the action of a reducing agent by using a microwave magnetic field of microwave reduction equipment as an auxiliary heat source based on a fluxing agent to obtain the molten iron. Here, the flux may be sintered SDA desulfurized ash, and the weight of the flux is 1.2 kg.
After the molten iron is obtained, the components of the molten iron need to be regulated and controlled, and molten steel for supersonic speed blowing is prepared. Specifically, ferromanganese is added to the molten iron for vacuum melting to prepare molten steel for supersonic blowing.
In the manganese-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.8-2%; mn: 80-83%; fe: 15-18%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
after the molten steel is prepared, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder;
specifically, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using a blowing device of a 3D printing vacuum gas atomization device to obtain metal powder; specifically, pouring the steel moisture in the atmosphere induction smelting furnace into a tundish of 3D printing vacuum gas atomization equipment in batches; and sequentially transferring the molten steel of the tundish into gas atomization Laval rings of the injection equipment through a guide pipe, respectively introducing high-pressure nitrogen from two sides of the gas atomization Laval rings, and performing gas atomization on the molten steel flowing downwards slowly by using high-pressure high-speed airflow to obtain metal powder. Wherein the nitrogen gas N2The blowing pressure of (2) was 4.5 MPa.
Finally, cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, carrying out magnetic separation on the cooled metal powder to remove impurities and iron powder, and screening the metal powder by using a screen to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity; the mesh number of the screen mesh comprises 380-400 meshes, 400-500 meshes, 500-600 meshes and 600-700 meshes, and finally four Fe-Mn-based deformation twin crystal induction high-plasticity Fe-Mn superfine fine powder for 3D printing with the grain size grade are obtained.
EXAMPLE III
In practical application, when the method provided in the first embodiment is used to prepare the Fe-based ultrafine fine powder, the following concrete steps are implemented:
in order to reduce the process cost, the embodiment takes the metallurgical solid waste as a raw material, and the metallurgical solid waste is reduced into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment. Wherein the metallurgical solid waste comprises: dust, mud and water slag. The weight of the dust settling mud is 35 kg; the amount of the granulated slag is 6 kg. The grain size of the granulated slag is 500-700 meshes;
the mass percentages of the components in the dust mud are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
| Serial number | TFe | SiO2 | CaO | MgO | Al2O3 | ZnO |
| 1 | 58.17 | 9.09 | 4.47 | 5.66 | 2.99 | 0.99 |
| 2 | 55.48 | 3.77 | 6.96 | 5.13 | 4.05 | 10.11 |
| 3 | 51.22 | 8.59 | 4.88 | 4.38 | 3.92 | 7.63 |
| 4 | 51.98 | 11.25 | 5.01 | 6.61 | 3.61 | 2.59 |
| 5 | 49.72 | 7.86 | 5.37 | 10.26 | 3.18 | 6.41 |
The mass percentages of the components in the granulated slag are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
And then reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment, wherein the microwave reduction equipment comprises: simply crushing the steel slag, and mixing the steel slag, the blast furnace gas ash and the coal powder to form a mixture; the coal dust is a reducing agent. The weight of the pulverized coal is 20 kg.
And finally, reducing the Fe element in the mixture under the action of a reducing agent by using a microwave magnetic field of microwave reduction equipment as an auxiliary heat source based on a fluxing agent to obtain the molten iron. Here, the flux may be sintered SDA desulfurized ash, and the weight of the flux is 0.6 kg.
After the molten iron is obtained, the components of the molten iron need to be regulated and controlled, and molten steel for supersonic speed blowing is prepared. Specifically, low-carbon ferronickel alloy is added into the molten iron for vacuum melting, and molten steel for supersonic speed injection is prepared.
In the nickel-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.2-0.5%; fe: 35-40%; ni: 55-60%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
after the molten steel is prepared, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder;
specifically, carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using a blowing device of a 3D printing vacuum gas atomization device to obtain metal powder; specifically, pouring the steel moisture in the atmosphere induction smelting furnace into a tundish of 3D printing vacuum gas atomization equipment in batches; and sequentially transferring the molten steel of the tundish into an air atomization Laval ring of the injection equipment through a guide pipe, respectively introducing high-pressure nitrogen from two sides of the air atomization Laval ring, and carrying out air atomization on the molten steel flowing downwards slowly by using high-pressure high-speed airflow to obtain metal powder. Wherein the nitrogen gas N2The blowing pressure of (2) was 4.5 MPa.
Finally, cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, carrying out magnetic separation on the cooled metal powder to remove impurities and iron powder, and screening the metal powder by using a screen to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity; the mesh number of the screen mesh comprises 380-400 meshes, 400-500 meshes, 500-600 meshes and 600-700 meshes, and finally the Fe-Mn-based deformation twin crystal induction high-plasticity Fe-Ni superfine fine powder for 3D printing at four grain size grades is obtained.
The method for preparing the metal powder provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects that:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal powder, including: obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment; after at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum is added into the molten iron, the molten iron is subjected to vacuum melting to prepare molten steel for supersonic speed injection; carrying out gas atomization on the molten steel by using 3D printing vacuum gas atomization injection equipment to obtain metal powder; cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and carrying out magnetic separation and screening on the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with a corresponding granularity; therefore, the metallurgical solid waste can be reduced into molten iron based on microwave reduction equipment, the low-cost metallurgical solid waste is converted into fine metal powder, and the process cost is effectively reduced.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of making a metal powder, the method comprising:
obtaining metallurgical solid waste, and reducing the metallurgical solid waste into molten iron by using microwave reduction equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mixing the metallurgical solid waste with coal dust to form a mixture; sintering SDA desulfurized ash based on a fluxing agent, and reducing Fe element in the mixture by using the microwave reduction equipment to obtain the molten iron;
after at least one of ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferromolybdenum is added into the molten iron, vacuum smelting is carried out on the molten iron to prepare molten steel for supersonic speed injection;
in the manganese-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.5-2%; mn: 80-83%; fe: 14-18%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the ferrochrome, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 5-6%; fe: 15-20%; cr: 48-50%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the nickel-iron alloy, the mass percentages of all chemical components comprise: c: 0.03-0.5%; fe: 30-40%; ni: 50-60%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
in the ferro-molybdenum alloy, the mass percentages of the chemical components comprise: c: 0.1-0.2%; fe: 45-50%; mo: 48-50%; si is less than or equal to 1.0%, S is less than or equal to 0.1%, and P is less than or equal to 0.1%;
utilize 3D to print vacuum atomization equipment's jetting equipment to carry out gas atomization to the molten steel, obtain metal powder, specifically do: pouring the steel moisture in the atmosphere smelting furnace into a tundish of 3D printing vacuum gas atomization equipment in batches; transferring the molten steel of the tundish into an air atomization Laval ring of the injection equipment in sequence through a guide pipe, introducing high-pressure nitrogen from two sides of the air atomization Laval ring respectively, carrying out air atomization on the molten steel by utilizing high-pressure high-speed airflow, and carrying out N printing in the injection equipment of the 3D printing vacuum air atomization equipment2The blowing pressure is 3.5-4.5 Mpa, and metal powder is obtained;
and cooling the metal powder by using nitrogen, and magnetically separating and screening the cooled metal powder to obtain a powder product with corresponding granularity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metallurgical solid waste comprises: at least one of blast furnace gas ash, dust sludge, steel slag and granulated slag.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the blast furnace gas ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：34.61～51.18％；
SiO2：10.77～15.09％；
CaO：5.95～10.18％；
MgO：0.64～2.21％；
Al2O3：5.22～10.18％；
ZnO: 0.28-5.16%; the balance being impurities.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the steel slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：20.22～24.07％；
SiO2：10.5～11.32％；
CaO：42.67～49.43％；
MnO：2.08～3.53％；
P2O5：1.51～2.15％；
Al2O3：0.66～1.09％；
MgO: 7.02-10.91%; the balance being impurities.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dust sludge comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：49.72～58.17％；
SiO2：3.77～11.25％；
CaO：4.47～6.96％；
MgO：4.38～10.26％；
Al2O3：2.99～4.05％；
ZnO: 0.99 to 10.11 percent; the balance being impurities.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the granulated slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
TFe：2.76～4.16％；
SiO2：30.87～35.12％；
CaO：34.27～36.03％；
MgO：2.08～3.53％；
Al2O3：11.32～16.35％；
MgO: 0.23-0.38%; the balance being impurities.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the blast furnace gas ash has a particle size of 500 to 700 mesh; the particle size of the steel slag is 600-800 meshes; the grain size of the grain slag is 500-700 meshes.
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