CN107810347B - 变速箱 - Google Patents

变速箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107810347B
CN107810347B CN201680036878.8A CN201680036878A CN107810347B CN 107810347 B CN107810347 B CN 107810347B CN 201680036878 A CN201680036878 A CN 201680036878A CN 107810347 B CN107810347 B CN 107810347B
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
electric motor
hub
gearbox
fork
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201680036878.8A
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English (en)
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CN107810347A (zh
Inventor
J·尼尔森
M·蒂艾宁
H·奥林
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BorgWarner Sweden AB
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BorgWarner Sweden AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/04—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/06—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/04—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/06—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions
    • F16H63/062—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions electric or electro-mechanical actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/08—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/16—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/18—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism the final actuating mechanism comprising cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
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    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
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Abstract

变速箱(1)设置在车辆的电动机(12)和发动机(13)之间的传动***中。变速箱(1)设置为直接连接至电动机(12)的输出轴(2)上。变速箱(1)具有将该变速箱(1)置于三种不同模式的装置。

Description

变速箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设置在车辆的电动机和内燃机之间的传动***中的变速箱。
背景技术
在车辆中，电动机既用作起动电机又用于驱动车辆的其他部件，例如AC(空调)、风扇和水泵。在某些情况下，电动机作为发电机被驱动。这被用于混合，因为在制动期间存储能量，在加速期间可以使用所存储的能量。通常，动力传动***由车辆的电动机和发动机(内燃机)形成。该动力传动***的变速箱通常设置在发动机附近。
在一些情况下，即使车辆的发动机关闭，有利于AC能够运行。例如，如果在进入车辆之前想冷却车辆内部，则这种情况有利于AC能够运行。
发明内容
本发明的变速箱有三种工作模式：起动、空档、增压和再生/充电。
起动模式(高比率)提供一个高比率，以便冷启动。
空挡模式也可以被称为凉爽的欢迎模式(cool welcome mode)或断开模式。空挡模式用于换档之间。它也用于运行AC。此外，它用于将电动机与内燃机断开连接并减少阻力损失。
增压模式(高比率或低比率)允许在典型的柴油发动机怠速时提高100％扭矩。
再生/充电模式(高或低模式)允许在制动时再生能量。在低SOC(电池电荷状态)的情况下，也给予正常的充电。
通过使AC恒定地连接到电动机，AC可以运行，而不管车辆的内燃机是否在运行。还使得可以具有用于控制AC的定时器，例如以便在预期离开之前的一段时间或者当车辆感测到驾驶员通过无钥匙***接近车辆时开始冷却车辆内部。
变速箱的高比率用于提供高扭矩，在寒冷天气下启动，并且起动时间很关键时可能需要这样。也可以在低转速的传动***上得到扭矩提升。变速箱的两种主动变速模式可以用来强制电动机进入工作点，以达到最佳的效率。可以一直使用较低模式，直到达到内燃机的最大转速。通过提高瞬态扭矩，可以减少烟尘的形成。此外，该概念使小型化成为可能，并且优化传动比以尽可能降低油耗。
结合本发明描述的所有变速箱具有包括空档模式在内的两个齿轮比。
考虑到车辆的可用空间，将变速箱设置在电动机附近通常是有利的。
当阅读下面不同实施方式的详细描述时，本发明的其它目的和优点对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
附图说明
下面将通过举例并参考附图来进一步描述本发明。在附图中：
图1a至1c是根据本发明的变速箱处于三种不同模式的横截面图，
图2a至2c是包括处于不同模式的图1a至1c所示变速箱的动力传动系的示意图，
图3a至3c是本发明的另一个实施方式的处于三种不同模式的横截面图，
图4是包括变速箱的另一个实施方式的动力传动系的示意图，
图5a至5f是处于不同位置的变速箱的致动器的侧视图，以及
图6至8是根据本发明的不同变速箱的另外的实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，不同实施例方式的对应部件通常采用相同的附图标记。
变速箱1设置在电动机/发电机12的输出轴2上。此外，在所述输出轴2上设置有轮子3，以通过皮带或链条将该轮子3连接到AC14的输入轴上的轮子。变速箱1包括行星齿轮组和用于连接到发动机13的齿轮4。变速箱1还包括作用在拨叉5上的致动器，该致动器用于使变速箱1处于不同模式。拨叉5移动选择齿轮6，以选择适当的模式。
行星齿轮组包括太阳轮7、由行星架9支撑的行星齿轮8以及环形齿轮10。行星齿轮组的行星架9机械固定在齿轮4上以连接至发动机13。在一个实施方式中，所述机械固定是通过将齿轮架9与齿轮4制成一体而实现的。
电动机12的输出轴2驱动地连接到与输出轴2对齐的另外的轴11。在所示实施方式中，另外的轴11与轮3一体形成，以将电动机12的输出轴2与AC14连接。由致动器的拨叉5致动的选择齿轮6驱动地连接到另外的轴11，并且可沿着所述另外的轴11移动。选择齿轮6通过花键连接到另外的轴11。
通过致动器的拨叉5，选择齿轮6移动到不同的位置以提供变速箱1的不同齿轮比。如图1a所示，在选择齿轮6位于左侧的第一位置中，电动机12的输出轴2与行星齿轮组的行星架9驱动连接。由于用于连接发动机13的齿轮4机械地固定在齿轮架9上，因此所述齿轮4将以电动机12的输出轴2的转速旋转。因此，电动机12和发动机13之间的比率将为1：1。
如图1b所示，在选择齿轮6的中间位置，选择齿轮6脱离与任何其它齿轮的接触，由此在电动机12与发动机13之间不存在驱动接触。因此，变速箱1处于AC14仍然由电动机驱动的空档状态(a neutral state)。通过使AC14直接由电动机12驱动，AC14可以在不运行发动机13的情况下运行。
如图1c所示，在右侧位置，拨叉5已经将选择齿轮6移动为与行星齿轮组的太阳轮7驱动接触。通过行星齿轮组的不同齿轮之间的关系，电动机和发动机之间的比率将为x：1，其中x取决于行星齿轮组。
在图2a中示出了选择齿轮6的三个可能的位置。在图2b中，变速箱以与图1c所示的模式对应的模式示出。在图2c中，变速箱以与图1b所示的模式对应的模式示出。
在变速箱的第二实施方式中不设置行星齿轮组。电动机12的输出轴2与另外的轴11驱动连接。另外的轴11与轮3一体形成，以通过皮带或链条驱动连接到AC的输入轴。
另外的轴11上接收有中间齿轮15和外齿轮16，根据致动器的位置，中间齿轮15和外齿轮16相对于另外的轴11自由旋转。两个另外的齿轮17，18设置在中间轴19上，该中间轴19与另外的轴11平行设置。中间轴19上的齿轮17，18旋转固定至中间轴19，即，它们与中间轴19一起旋转。中间轴19上的齿轮17，18分别与另外的轴11上的中间齿轮15和外齿轮16啮合。
在该实施例中也使用与上述致动器对应的致动器。致动器包括作用在选择齿轮6上的拨叉，选择齿轮6可以在另外的轴11上并沿着另外的轴11移动。如图3a所示，在左侧位置，选择齿轮6将另外的轴11驱动连接到外齿轮16，该外齿轮16驱动连接到发动机13。因此，电动机12和发动机13之间变速箱中将是1:1的比率。
如图3b所示，在选择齿轮6的中间位置，选择齿轮6脱离与任何其它齿轮的接触，由此在电动机12与发动机13之间不存在驱动接触。因此，变速箱处于空档模式。
如图3c所示，在选择齿轮6的右侧位置，另外的轴11的中间齿轮15与中间轴19的一个齿轮17驱动连接。中间轴19的另一个齿轮18由此与另外的轴11的外齿轮16驱动连接。因此，电动机12和发动机13之间的驱动力将通过中间轴19的齿轮17，18传递。变速箱的比率因此将取决于另外的轴11和中间轴19的齿轮15，16，17，18之间的关系。
在如图4所示的另一个实施方式中，第一自由轮21和第二自由轮22与行星齿轮组一起使用。行星齿轮组的太阳轮23固定在电动机12的输出轴24上。因此，太阳轮23与电动机12的输出轴24一起旋转。通过皮带或链条与AC14驱动连接的轮25固定在行星齿轮组的齿圈26上。第一自由轮21连接到齿圈26并且锁定一个方向上的旋转运动。通过皮带或链条与发动机13驱动连接的轮27固定在行星齿轮组的行星架29上。第二自由轮22连接至行星架29，锁定一个方向上的旋转运动。齿式离合器30被定位成将行星架29与电动机12的输出轴24连接或断开。在齿式离合器30打开并且电动机12的输出轴24沿第一方向旋转时，第一自由轮21将锁定齿圈26，因此电动机12和发动机13之间的比率将取决于行星齿轮组。在一个实施方式中，所述比率是3：1。AC14不会被驱动。如果电动机12的输出轴24沿相反的方向旋转并且齿式离合器30仍然打开，则第二自由轮22将锁定行星架29，并且因此在电动机12和发动机13之间将不存在驱动接触。然而，AC14将被驱动。在电动机12启动之后，电动机12被给予和发动机13相同的转速，以便能够闭合齿式离合器30。在齿式离合器30闭合的情况下，发动机13和电动机12之间的比率将是1：1。在齿式离合器30闭合的情况下，可以在两个方向上传递扭矩。
本领域技术人员认识到，在不脱离本发明的构思的情况下，不同的齿轮、另外的轴、可能的中间轴以及致动器的相互布置可以改变。致动器可以电动、气动或液压驱动。
图5a至5f示出了致动装置的一个实施例。该制动装置包括由合适的致动器(例如，电动机)沿旋转方向驱动的杆31。杆31具有外螺纹并被接收在具有内螺纹的轮毂32内。轮毂32设置在拨叉34的轮毂部分33内。拨叉34使选择齿轮移动以连接和断开不同的齿轮，如上面针对不同实施方式所指示的那样。换档销35从轮毂32突出。拨叉34的轮毂部分33具有开口36，开口36的一侧具有用于在不同位置接收轮毂32的换档销35的座部37，38，39。拨叉34的轮毂部分33沿轴向可移动地布置在轮毂32上。在拨叉34的轮毂部分33的与上面设置有致动器的驱动装置的一侧相对的一侧上设置有弹簧40。弹簧40设置成朝向致动器的驱动装置所在的一侧的方向挤压拨叉34。拨叉34的轮毂部分33具有三个座部(seat)37，38，39，这些座部设置在毂部分33的开口36的面对弹簧40的一侧上。轮毂部分33的第一座部37设置为靠近轮毂部分33的开口36的背向放置在轮毂部分33一侧上的弹簧40的一侧。第二座部38大致位于轮毂部分33的开口36的分别面向和远离弹簧40的侧面之间的中间。第三座部位39设置为靠近轮毂部分33的开口36面对弹簧40的的一侧。三个座部37，38，38设置在开口36的不同旋转位置处，第二座部38处于第一座部37和第三座部39之间的旋转位置。
在使用中，杆31沿第一旋转方向旋转，直到换档销35位于拨叉34的轮毂部分33的开口36的第一座部37中。通过杆31沿相同方向的进一步旋转，杆31将通过相应部件的配合螺纹相对于轮毂32移动。拨叉34因此将被朝着弹簧40的方向挤压。然后，如果杆31沿与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转，则换挡销35将移动到第二座部38，由此拨叉34通过弹簧40朝向致动器的驱动装置的方向移动。通过进一步沿第二旋转方向旋转杆31，换档销35将移动到第三座部39，由此拨叉34通过弹簧40朝向致动器的驱动装置的方向移动。
本领域技术人员认识到，齿式离合器仅是换挡装置的一种实施方式的一个例子，在其它实施方式中可使用可控的自由轮或摩擦离合器。
在图6至8所示的实施方式中，示出了前述实施方式的不同修改。图6所示实施方式与图3a至3c所示实施方式的不同之处在于，电动机设置在另外的轴上。在图7所示的实施方式中，可以将齿式离合器(DC)交替设置在变速箱的任一侧上。除了齿式离合器被给予另一位置之外，图8所示的实施方式对应于图6所示的实施方式。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆的传动***，包括发动机(13)、电动机(12)和设置在在所述车辆的所述电动机(12)和所述发动机(13)之间的变速箱(1)，所述变速箱(1)设置为直接连接至所述电动机(12)的输出轴(2)，并且所述变速箱(1)包括将该变速箱置于三种不同模式的装置，
其中，所述变速箱(1)包括行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组包括太阳轮(7)、行星齿轮(8)、行星架(9)、环形齿轮(10)，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组包括选择齿轮(6)，所述选择齿轮(6)可移动地设置在与所述电动机(12)的所述输出轴(2)驱动连接的另外的轴(11)上，并且其中所述选择齿轮(6)通过拨叉移动，其中，所述太阳轮(7)以使得所述太阳轮(7)和所述另外的轴(11)相对于彼此自由旋转的方式接收在所述另外的轴(11)上，并且其中所述行星架(9)机械固定于与所述发动机(13)驱动连接的齿轮(4)，并且其中，所述选择齿轮(6)通过作用在所述拨叉上的致动器能够在三个位置之间移动，其中在第一位置，所述选择齿轮(6)连接至所述行星架(9)，其中在第二位置，所述选择齿轮(6)不与任何其他部分连接，并且其中在第三位置，所述选择齿轮(6)连接至所述太阳轮(7)，并且其中，AC(14)直接由所述电动机(12)驱动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆的传动***，其中，所述AC(14)恒定地连接于所述电动机(12)的所述输出轴(2)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆的传动***，其中，在所述电动机(12)的所述输出轴(2)驱动连接有轮(3)，所述轮(3)接收将该轮(3)与所述AC(14)的轮连接的装置，该连接装置是一个或多个皮带或链条。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆的传动***，其中，还包括用于控制所述选择齿轮(6)的位置的致动器，其中，所述致动器包括：杆(31)，该杆(31)具有外螺纹；轮毂(32)，该轮毂(32)具有内螺纹；拨叉，该拨叉具有轮毂部分(33)，所述轮毂(32)接收在所述轮毂部分(33)内部；以及弹簧(40)，该弹簧(40)设置在所述杆(31)的一端，所述弹簧(40)抵靠所述拨叉的所述轮毂部分(33)的一端，以将所述拨叉推向所述杆(31)的另一端。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆的传动***，其中，所述杆(31)通过所述杆(31)的外螺纹与所述轮毂(32)的内螺纹配合而连接到所述轮毂(32)。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的车辆的传动***，其中，所述轮毂(32)具有突出到所述拨叉的所述轮毂部分(33)的开口(36)中的换档销(35)，其中所述开口具有设置在相互不同的轴向和旋转位置上的三个座部(37，38，39)，并且其中当所述换档销(35)被置于所述三个座部(37，38，39)中的一个座部之中时，所述换档销(35)抵抗所述弹簧(40)的作用力。
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