CN107810323A - The method and system arranged for generating wind turbine control - Google Patents
The method and system arranged for generating wind turbine control Download PDFInfo
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- CN107810323A CN107810323A CN201680038982.0A CN201680038982A CN107810323A CN 107810323 A CN107810323 A CN 107810323A CN 201680038982 A CN201680038982 A CN 201680038982A CN 107810323 A CN107810323 A CN 107810323A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
- F03D7/046—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with learning or adaptive control, e.g. self-tuning, fuzzy logic or neural network
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0292—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power to reduce fatigue
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
- F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/332—Maximum loads or fatigue criteria
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/335—Output power or torque
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/40—Type of control system
- F05B2270/404—Type of control system active, predictive, or anticipative
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2619—Wind turbines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
- G05B23/0283—Predictive maintenance, e.g. involving the monitoring of a system and, based on the monitoring results, taking decisions on the maintenance schedule of the monitored system; Estimating remaining useful life [RUL]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method for generating and being arranged for the control of wind turbine is provided, the control arranges how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, and methods described includes：Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement, it is determined that indicating the value of the current residual fatigue life of the turbine or one or more turbine components；Optimizing application function, the optimization function is compromise untill determining that optimized control arranges between energy capture and the fatigue life consumed by the turbine or one or more of turbine components by changing, arranged to change initial control to determine optimized control arrangement, the optimization includes：Arranged based on the control after the current residual fatigue life and change to estimate the following fatigue life consumed in the duration arranged by the control of the turbine or turbine components after the change；And the optimization that the control arranges is constrained according to one or more input constraint conditions；Wherein, the optimization also includes the initial value for changing the wind turbine life-span, and change the initial value of the number for the part replacement that performed in the course of the arrangement to one or more parts, to determine the combination of the number of the part replacement of one or more turbine components and target minimum wind force turbine life.
Description
Technical field
Embodiments of the invention relate to determining the control arrangement (control for wind turbine power output
Schedule method and system).
Background technology
Figure 1A shows large-scale conventional wind turbine 1 well known in the prior art, and it includes pylon 10 and positioned at tower
The Wind turbine nacelle 20 at the top of frame 10.Wind turbine rotor 30 includes three wind turbine blades 32, each wind-force
Turbine blade has length L.Wind turbine rotor 30 can include the blade 32 of other quantity, such as one, two, four
It is individual, five or more.Blade 32 is mounted on the wheel hub 34 at tower bottom height H.Wheel hub 34 is by from cabin
The slow-speed shaft (not shown) of 20 anterior extension is connected to cabin 20.Slow-speed shaft sliding tooth roller box (not shown), the gear-box add
Fast velocity of rotation, and the generator in cabin 20 is then driven, so as to the energy that will be extracted by the blade 32 rotated from wind
Amount is converted into electrical power output.Wind turbine blade 32 defines sweeping area A, and sweeping area A is the blade by rotating
32 border circular areas delimited.In the given air quality of sweeping area instruction number intercepted by wind turbine 1, and therefore
It has impact on the power output of wind turbine 1 and the power and bending moment that the part of turbine 1 is subjected to during operation.As institute
Show, turbine can be located at land or marine.In the case of later, pylon will be connected to single pile tripod screen work or other
Based structures, and the ground can be fixed or floating.
For example, each wind turbine has wind turbine controllers, it can be located at tower mount or tower top.
Wind turbine controllers handle the input from sensor and other control systems, and generate for such as pitch actuator
The output of actuator, generator torque controller, generator contactor, the switch for starting shaft brake, yaw motor etc.
Signal.
Figure 1B schematically shows the example of the conventional wind park 100 including multiple wind turbines 110, multiple wind-force
The controller of each in turbine 110 is communicated with power plant controller PPC 130.PPC 130 can be with each turbine
Machine two-way communication.As shown in thick line 150, turbine is by power output to grid connection point 140.In operation, and false wind
During power conditions permit, each in wind turbine 110 will export the maximum for being up to its rated power specified by manufacturer
Active power.
Fig. 2 shows the conventional power curve 55 of wind turbine, and it is drawn wind speed in x-axis and draws work(on the y axis
Rate exports.Curve 55 is the normal power curve of wind turbine, and is by the power definition exported by wind turbine generator
The function of wind speed.As it is known in the art, wind turbine is in incision wind speed VminUnder start generate power.Turbine is then
Operated under the conditions of fractional load (also referred to as local load), until in point VRPlace reaches rated wind speed.Under rated wind speed, reach
To specified (or nominal) generator power, and turbine operates under full and down.For example, the incision in typical wind turbine
Wind speed can be 3m/s, and rated wind speed can be 12m/s.Point VmaxIt is cut-out wind speed, it is wind turbine in conveying work(
Manipulable highest wind velocity while rate.Under the wind speed equal to or higher than cut-out wind speed, for security reasons, especially for
Reduce the load acted on wind turbine, close wind turbine.Alternatively, power output can be as the letter of wind speed
Number gradually decreases to zero energy.
The rated power of wind turbine is defined as that wind turbine is designed in IEC 61400 will be in normal operating
With the continuous electrical power output of maximum realized under external condition.Large scale business wind turbine is usually designed to 20 to 25 years
Life-span, and be designed to operate under nominal power so that design load and fatigue life no more than part.
The fatigue damage accumulation speed of individual component in wind turbine significantly change under different operating conditions.With
The increase of generated power, rate of depreciation or damage accumulation speed tend to increase.Wind condition also influences damage accumulation speed
Rate.For some mechanical parts, in very high turbulent flow operation cause than operating much higher times tired in normal turbulent flow
Cumulative speed is hindered in strain.For some electric components, operation that may be as caused by high environment temperature under very high-temperature is made
Into than operating much higher times of fatigue damage accumulation speed (such as insulation breakdown speed) at a normal temperature.As an example,
The rule of thumb of generator windings is that 10 DEG C of winding temperature decline will make the life-span increase by 100%.
The productivity ratio of wind turbine of the year energy production (AEP) of wind power plant with forming wind power plant is relevant,
And typically depend on the year wind speed of the opening position of wind power plant.For given wind power plant, AEP is bigger, then
The profit of the operator of wind power plant is bigger, and the amount for being fed to the electric energy of power network is bigger.
Thus, wind turbine manufacturer and operator of wind power plant always are continuously attempting to increase given wind-power electricity generation
The AEP of factory.
One this method can make wind turbine excessively specified under certain conditions, in other words, it is allowed to wind turbine
Machine is operated (as schemed within a period of time with the highest power level horizontal higher than the specified or name plate rating of wind turbine
Shown in 2 shadow region 58), to generate more electric energy when wind is big and therefore to increase the AEP of wind power plant.It is specific and
Speech, term " excessively specified ", which is appreciated that, to be referred to by controlling the turbines such as spinner velocity, torque or dynamo current
Parameter and full and down operate during produce more than rated active power power.Speed requirement, torque-demand and/or generator
The increase of current needs, which will increase, passed through specified caused secondary power, and speed requirement, torque-demand and/or generator
The reduction of current needs, which will then be reduced, passed through specified caused secondary power.It should be appreciated that excessively specified be applied to wattful power
Rate, rather than reactive power.When making turbine excessively specified, turbine is sent out than running under normal circumstances more radical
Motor has the power output higher than the rated power for giving wind speed.Can be up to high for example, crossing nominal power level
30% is exported in rated power.This allows when bigger power draw is favourable to operator, especially in such as wind speed, turbulent flow
Allow to realize bigger power draw during more profitable generating with external conditions such as electricity prices.
The higher abrasion crossed on the specified part for causing wind turbine or fatigue, this may cause one or more
The initial failure of part and need to close turbine to safeguard.So, excessively specified feature is transient behavior.Work as turbine
Machine by it is excessively specified when, it may persistently be as short as several seconds, or if the fatigue life of wind condition and part be advantageous to volume
Fixed, it may continue the period extended.
Although specified permission turbine operator increase AEP is crossed, and otherwise modification generates electricity, and is allowed to meet them
Requirement, but exist it is several with making wind turbine excessively specified associated the problem of and defect.Wind turbine is generally set
It is calculated as being operated with given nominal rated power level or name plate rating level and operates certified year, for example, 20
Year or 25 years.Therefore, if wind turbine is by excessively specified, then the life-span of wind turbine may shorten.
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of flexibility for turbine operator, with (such as) by return to optimized AEP and
Its turbine is set to be operated in the way of its requirement is met.
The content of the invention
The present invention is defined in the independent claim, will be related to the reference to independent claims now.In appurtenance
Profit elaborates preferred feature in requiring
Embodiments of the invention are sought to improve when using the control method for trading off energy capture and fatigue load
Flexibility obtained by turbine operator.The example of this control method be used it is specified.
According to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of to generate the method arranged for the control of wind turbine, institute
State control and arrange how instruction turbine maximum power level changes over time, methods described includes：
Receive the input of instruction target minimum wind force turbine life；
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine instruction wind turbine or one or more
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine components；
Change in the following way and specify how turbine maximum power level changes initial over time
The parameter that predefined control arranges：
I) parameter that the initial predefined control of adjustment arranges；
Ii) based on control after change arrange estimation by turbine or one or more turbine components after the change
Control the following fatigue life consumed in the duration arranged；
And
Iii) repeat step (i) and (ii), until it is estimated by each of one or more turbine components or
Untill the following fatigue life that wind turbine is consumed is enough to allow to reach target minimum wind force turbine life.
The parameter can be changed until the following fatigue life that the estimated part most heavy by load is consumed to be enough
Untill allowing just to reach target minimum wind force turbine life, or in other words until causing the total fatigue life base consumed
Untill this is identical with target minimum wind force turbine life.This can the predetermined allowance based on target minimum wind force turbine life
(for example, within being in 0 to 1 month away from target, within 0 to 3 months, within 0 to 6 months or within 0 to 12 months) comes real
It is existing.
Optionally, step (iii) also requires to maximize the energy capture in turbine life.
Optionally, the control arranges instruction wind turbine can be by the excessively specified power to more than its rated power
Amount.
Optionally, methods described also includes receiving for each of one or more of turbine components indicating the whirlpool
The input of the maximum times for allowing to change of turbine component.Then, step (i) can also include one be directed in turbine components
The number that person or more persons adjustment can be changed in the residual life of turbine to the part.Step (i) can also include
For one or more of turbine components to when can be carried out more to the part during the residual life of turbine
Change and adjust.One or more of turbine components can include one or more of components described below：Blade, pitch axle
Hold, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear-box, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or
Transformer.
Optionally, the initial predefined control arranges to specify the phase that turbine maximum power level elapses over time
To change.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and the sensing data from one or more turbine sensors is used into algorithm for estimating applied to one or more life-spans.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and use the data from condition monitoring systems.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and check that the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor are used in combination in program with website, the website checks that program is based on from wind
Data and the parameter relevant with wind power plant and wind turbine layouts that power power plant sensor obtains determine to act on
In the load on turbine components.The sensing data can be included in wind turbine or wind power plant go into operation and/or
Build the sensing data collected before.
Optionally, adjusting the parameter includes arranging to apply skew, amplification, decay (de-amplification) to control
Or gain factor.The parameter can be adjusted until the most heavy portion of consumable load in the duration in the arrangement
Untill the whole of the fatigue life of part or generally whole.Can by making the curve in the top of line as follows and
The area equation of lower section adjusts the skew：The line shows in life expectancy to be set most in the peculiar ability of website
Fatigue damage caused by the individual turbine of higher power levels operation.The skew can be adjusted until by according to institute
Control is stated to arrange operation turbine and elapse caused fatigue damage over time and be equal to due to according to constant peak power water
Flat operation turbine and untill elapsing caused fatigue damage over time, the constant maximum power level is set at pin
To the individual turbine maximum power level of target minimum life.
Optionally, the initial predefined control arranges to specify the ladder for the change that maximum power level elapses over time
Degree.Adjusting the parameter can then include adjusting the gradient.
Optionally, it is described control arrange instruction over time passage should caused by fatigue damage amount, methods described is also
Including operating wind turbine based on one or more LUE, so as to arrange indicated speed to cause fatigue damage with control.
Optionally, methods described also includes identified control arrangement being supplied to wind turbine controllers, with control
The power output of wind turbine.
Methods described can be only performed once, or can aperiodically be performed as needed.Alternatively can be periodically
Ground repeats methods described.Specifically, daily, monthly or annual methods described can be repeated.
A kind of method for being configured as performing described in text can be provided and be used for wind turbine or wind power plant
Corresponding controller.
According further to first aspect, there is provided a kind of to be used to generate the wind-force for being used for including two or more wind turbines
Power plant control arrange method, it is described control arrange for each wind turbine instruction maximum power level how with
Time elapses and changed, and methods described includes：
Receive the input in the target minimum expectation life-span for indicating each turbine；
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine each of instruction wind turbine or wind
The value of the current residual fatigue life of one or more turbine components of each of power turbine；
How the specified power plant maximum power level of change elapses and change and be initial pre- over time in the following way
The parameter that definition control arranges：
I) parameter that the initial predefined control of adjustment arranges；
Ii) program is checked based on the control arrangement after change using website to estimate by turbine or one or more whirlpools
The following fatigue life consumed in the duration that the control of turbine component after the change arranges, the website check program base
Come in the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor and the parameter relevant with wind power plant and wind turbine layouts true
Interaction between the load being set on turbine components and the turbine including wind power plant；And
Iii) repeat step (i) and (ii), until it is estimated by each of one or more turbine components or
Untill the following fatigue life that wind turbine is consumed is enough to allow to reach target minimum wind force turbine life.
Optionally, the sensing data includes receiving before wind turbine or wind power plant are gone into operation and/or built
The sensing data of collection.
Optionally, step (iii) is further constrained, to cause for any preset time section in the arrangement and
Speech, when the power of all turbines is all added together, power sum is no more than the energy in the connection from power plant to power network
The amount of the power enough carried.
According to the second aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of to generate the method arranged for the control of wind turbine, institute
State control and arrange how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, methods described includes：
Receive indicate each of one or more turbine components in the residual life of turbine it is to be replaced most
The input of big number；
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine one or more of instruction turbine components
Or the value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine；
How the specified turbine maximum power level of change elapses and change and be initial pre- over time in the following way
The parameter that definition control arranges：
Iv) the parameter that the initial predefined control of adjustment arranges；
V) arranged based on the control after change and consider the replacing to one or more turbine components,
The duration that estimation is arranged by the control of turbine or one or more turbine components after the change
Interior consumed following fatigue life；And
Vi) repeat step (i) and (ii), until it is estimated by each of one or more of turbine components or
Untill the following fatigue life that wind turbine described in person is consumed is enough to allow to reach target minimum wind force turbine life.
The parameter can be changed until the following fatigue life that the estimated part most heavy by load is consumed to be enough
Untill allowing just to reach target minimum wind force turbine life, or in other words until causing the total fatigue life base consumed
Untill this is identical with target minimum wind force turbine life.This can the predetermined allowance based on target minimum wind force turbine life
(for example, within being in 0 to 1 month away from target, within 0 to 3 months, within 0 to 6 months or within 0 to 12 months) comes real
It is existing.
Optionally, step (iii) also requires to maximize the energy capture within the life-span of turbine.
Optionally, the control arranges instruction wind turbine can be by the excessively specified power to more than its rated power
Amount.
Optionally, step (i) can also be included for the adjustment of one or more of turbine components in the surplus of turbine
The number that the part can be changed in the remaining life-span.Step (i) can also include for one of turbine components or
More persons adjust to that when can carry out replacing to the part during the residual life of turbine.
Optionally, the target minimum wind force turbine life corresponds to the predetermined target value in turbine design life-span.
Optionally, methods described also includes the input for receiving the target minimum wind force turbine life that instruction user defines.
Optionally, the initial predefined control arranges to specify the phase that turbine maximum power level elapses over time
To change.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and the sensing data from one or more turbine sensors is used into algorithm for estimating applied to one or more life-spans.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and use the data from condition monitoring systems.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and check that the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor are used in combination in program with website, the website checks that program is based on from wind
Data and the parameter relevant with wind power plant and wind turbine layouts that power power plant sensor obtains determine to act on
In the load on turbine components.The sensing data can be included in wind turbine or wind power plant go into operation and/or
Build the sensing data collected before.
Optionally, adjusting the parameter includes arranging to apply skew, amplification, decay or gain factor to control.Can be with
The parameter is adjusted until the most heavy part of consumable load in the duration in the arrangement fatigue life it is complete
Untill portion or generally whole.Can by make area equation of the curve above and below line as follows come
Adjust the skew：The maximum power level operation that the line shows in life expectancy to set in the peculiar ability of website
Fatigue damage caused by individual turbine.The skew can be adjusted until due to arranging operation whirlpool according to the control
Turbine and elapse over time caused fatigue damage be equal to due to turbine is operated according to constant maximum power level and with
Untill the caused fatigue damage of time passage, the constant maximum power level is set at for target minimum life
Individual turbine maximum power level.
Optionally, the initial predefined control arranges to specify the ladder for the change that maximum power level elapses over time
Degree.Adjusting the parameter can include adjusting the gradient.
Optionally, it is described control arrange instruction over time passage should caused by fatigue damage amount, methods described is also
Including operating wind turbine based on one or more LUE, so as to arrange indicated speed to cause fatigue damage with control.
Optionally, methods described also includes identified control arrangement being supplied to wind turbine controllers, with control
The power output of wind turbine.
Optionally, one or more of turbine components include one or more of components described below：Blade, pitch axle
Hold, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear-box, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or
Transformer.
Methods described can be only performed once, or can aperiodically be performed as needed.Alternatively can be periodically
Ground repeats methods described.Specifically, daily, monthly or annual methods described can be repeated.
A kind of method for being configured as performing described in text can be provided and be used for wind turbine or wind power plant
Corresponding controller
According further to the second aspect, there is provided a kind of to generate for the wind-force including two or more wind turbines
Power plant control arrange method, it is described control arrange for each wind turbine instruction maximum power level how with
Time elapses and changed, and methods described includes：
Each of one or more turbine components for indicating each turbine are received in the residual life of turbine
By the input of maximum times to be replaced；
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine each of instruction wind turbine or wind
The value of the current residual fatigue life of one or more turbine components of each of power turbine；
How the specified power plant maximum power level of change elapses and change and be initial pre- over time in the following way
The parameter that definition control arranges：
Iv) the parameter that the initial predefined control of adjustment arranges；
V) program is checked using website, is arranged based on the control after change and consider one or more turbine components more
Change, to estimate to be consumed in the duration arranged by the control of turbine or one or more turbine components after the change
Following fatigue life, the website checks program based on the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor and and wind-power electricity generation
Factory's parameter relevant with wind turbine layouts determines to act on the load on turbine components and including wind power plant
Turbine between interaction；
And
Vi) repeat step (i) and (ii), until estimated by each of one or more turbine components or wind
Untill the following fatigue life that power turbine is consumed is enough to allow to reach target minimum wind force turbine life.
Optionally, the sensing data includes receiving before wind turbine or wind power plant are gone into operation and/or built
The sensing data of collection.
Optionally, step (iii) is further constrained, to cause for any preset time section in the arrangement and
Speech, when the power of all turbines is all added together, power sum is no more than the energy in the connection from power plant to power network
The amount of the power enough carried.
According to the third aspect of the invention we, there is provided a kind of to generate the method arranged for the control of wind turbine, institute
State control and arrange how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine to indicate turbine or one or more whirlpools
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine component；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by turbine or one or more turbines
It is compromise untill determining that optimized control arranges between the fatigue life that machine part is consumed, to change initial control peace
To determine optimized control arrangement, the optimization includes row：
Estimate changed by turbine or turbine components based on the control arrangement after current residual fatigue life and change
The following fatigue life consumed in the duration that control after change arranges；And according to one or more input constraint conditions
To constrain the optimization that control arranges；
Wherein, the input constraint condition includes the maximum time of the permission part replacement of one or more turbine components
Number, and the optimization also includes the initial value in change wind turbine life-span, to determine the target wind turbine life-span.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of to generate the method arranged for the control of wind turbine, institute
State control and arrange how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine to indicate turbine or one or more whirlpools
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine component；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by turbine or one or more turbines
It is compromise untill determining that optimized control arranges between the fatigue life that machine part is consumed, to change initial control peace
To determine optimized control arrangement, the optimization includes row：
Estimate changed by turbine or turbine components based on the control arrangement after current residual fatigue life and change
The following fatigue life consumed in the duration that control after change arranges；And according to one or more input constraint conditions
To constrain the optimization that the control arranges；
Wherein, the input constraint condition includes target minimum wind force turbine life, and the optimization also includes changing
Become the initial value of the number for the part replacement that performed in the course of the arrangement to one or more parts, to determine part
The maximum times of replacing.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of to generate the method arranged for the control of wind turbine, institute
State control and arrange how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine to indicate wind turbine or one or more
The value of the current residual fatigue life of individual turbine components；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by turbine or one or more turbines
It is compromise untill determining that optimized control arranges between the fatigue life that machine part is consumed, to change initial control peace
To determine optimized control arrangement, the optimization includes row：
Estimate changed by turbine or turbine components based on the control arrangement after current residual fatigue life and change
The following fatigue life consumed in the duration that control after change arranges；And according to one or more input constraint conditions
To constrain the optimization that the control arranges；
Wherein, the optimization also includes the initial value for changing the wind turbine life-span, and changes going through in the arrangement
The initial value of the number for the part replacement that one or more parts are performed in journey, to determine one or more turbine components
Part replacement number and target minimum wind force turbine life combination.
Following optional features can apply to the three, the 4th or the 5th aspect.
The control arranges to apply within the whole life-span of turbine.
Optionally, methods described also include by change the opportunity of part replacement and change the number of part replacement until up to
To maximum times and optimal control arrangement.
Optionally, the one or more turbine components that can be changed include one or more of following item：Blade, oar
Distance between bearing, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear-box, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw axis
Hold or transformer.
Optionally, the initial control arranges to specify the turbine that can the reach maximum that turbine can be operated
The relative change that power level elapses over time.
Optionally, the input constraint condition also includes the turbine upper limit maximum power output that turbine design is allowed
And/or turbine minimum power output.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and the sensing data from one or more turbine sensors is used into algorithm for estimating applied to one or more life-spans.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and use the data from condition monitoring systems.
Optionally, it is determined that the value bag of the current residual fatigue life of instruction turbine or one or more turbine components
Include and check that the data obtained from wind park sensor are used in combination in program with website, the website checks that program is passed based on wind park
Sensor and the parameter relevant with wind park and wind turbine layouts determine to act on the load on turbine components.
Optionally, the optimization that the control arranges, which includes changing controlling, to be arranged, so that levelized energy cost (LCoE) is most
Smallization.LCoE can be determined using LCoE models, the model includes the parameter for one or more of following item：Capacity
The factor, it indicates the energy generated within a period of time divided by if turbine is operated continuously within this time with rated power
The energy that will be generated；Availability, it indicates turbine by the time available for generating；And field efficiency, it is indicated at one section
The energy of generation divided by if turbine is not operating the energy that will generate completely in the wind by upstream turbine interference in time
Amount.The model can also include the parameter for one or more of following item：It is related to changing one or more parts
The cost of connection, including the work force-summing device of turbine downtime, part replacement, the manufacture of replacing part or trimming cost,
And the cost of transportation transported part that is trimmed or changing to power plant；And the clothes associated with the replacing of wearing part
Business cost.
Optionally, optimized control arrangement is the maximum power level that can reach that turbine can be operated
Arrange, and it can specify the maximum power level of the rated power higher than the wind turbine.Alternatively, the control
Arrange can specify over time passage should caused by fatigue damage amount, methods described also include based on one or more
LUE operates wind turbine, so as to arrange indicated speed to cause fatigue damage by control.
Control arranges to indicate how turbine maximum power level changes within the life-span of turbine.
Optionally, methods described can also include optimized control arrangement being supplied to wind turbine controllers or wind
Power power plant controller, to control the power output of wind turbine.
Optionally, methods described is periodically repeated.Daily, monthly or annual it can repeat methods described.
Can provide it is a kind of be configured as performing be used for according to the method for the the three, the 4th of described in the text or the 5th aspect
Wind turbine or the corresponding controller of wind power plant.
According to the third aspect, there is provided it is a kind of to be used to generate the optimizer arranged for the control of wind turbine, it is described
Control arranges how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, and the optimizer includes：
Optimization module, it is configured as receiving：The initial value of one group of variable, this group of variable become for the operation of wind turbine
Measure and arranged including initial control；One or more constraintss；And instruction turbine or one or more turbines
The data of the current residual fatigue life of part；
Wherein, the optimization module is configured as：
By the remanent fatigue life according to turbine or one or more turbine components and one or more
One or more of this group of variable is changed and makes what is received at optimization module by individual constraints from its initial value
Operating parameter depending on the variable is minimized or maximized, so as to be optimized to control arrangement；And
Export optimized control arrangement；
Wherein, the constraints includes the maximum times of the permission part replacement of one or more turbine components, and
And the optimization module is additionally configured to change the initial value in wind turbine life-span to determine the target wind turbine life-span.
According to fourth aspect, there is provided it is a kind of to be used to generate the optimizer arranged for the control of wind turbine, it is described
Control arranges how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, and the optimizer includes：
Optimization module, it is configured as receiving：The initial value of one group of variable, this group of variable become for the operation of wind turbine
Measure and arranged including initial control；One or more constraintss；And instruction turbine or one or more turbines
The data of the current residual fatigue life of part；
Wherein, the optimization module is configured as：
By the remanent fatigue life according to turbine or one or more turbine components and one or more
One or more of this group of variable is changed and makes what is received at optimization module by individual constraints from its initial value
Operating parameter depending on the variable is minimized or maximized, so as to be optimized to control arrangement；And
Optimized control arrangement is exported,
Wherein, the constraints includes target minimum wind force turbine life, and the optimization module is also configured
To change the initial value of the number for the part replacement that performed in the course of the arrangement to one or more parts, to determine
The maximum times of part replacement.
According to the 5th aspect, there is provided it is a kind of to be used to generate the optimizer arranged for the control of wind turbine, it is described
Control arranges how instruction turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time, and the optimizer includes：
Optimization module, it is configured as receiving：The initial value of one group of variable, this group of variable become for the operation of wind turbine
Measure and arranged including initial control；One or more constraintss；And instruction turbine or one or more turbines
The data of the current residual fatigue life of part；
Wherein, the optimization module is configured as：
By the remanent fatigue life according to turbine or one or more turbine components and one or more
One or more of this group of variable is changed and makes what is received at optimization module by individual constraints from its initial value
Operating parameter depending on the variable is minimized or maximized, so as to be optimized to control arrangement；And
Optimized control arrangement is exported,
Wherein, the optimization module is additionally configured to change the initial value in wind turbine life-span, and changes described
The initial value of the number for the part replacement that one or more parts are performed in the course of arrangement, to determine one or more whirlpools
The part replacement number of turbine component and the combination of target minimum wind force turbine life.
Following optional features can apply to the optimizer of the three, the 4th or the 5th aspect.
Optionally, the initial control arranges to specify the turbine that can the reach maximum that turbine can be operated
The relative change that power level elapses over time.
Optionally, the optimizer also include being configured as receiving this group of variable initial value and sensing data it is initial
Change module, the initialization module is configured as calculating the initial value of the operating parameter.
Optionally, one or more of turbine components are one or more of components described below：Blade, pitch axle
Hold, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear-box, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or
Transformer.
Optionally, the operating parameter is the levelized energy cost (LCoE) of turbine, and control is arranged to carry out
Optimization includes minimizing levelized energy cost (LCoE).LCoE can be determined using LCoE models, the model includes pin
To the parameter of one or more of following item：Capacity factor measure, it indicates energy divided by if the whirlpool generated within a period of time
The energy that turbine will be generated within this time with rated power continuous operation；Availability, it indicates that turbine will can be used for
The time of generating；And field efficiency, its indicate the energy that is generated within a period of time divided by if turbine completely not by upper
The energy that operation will generate in the wind of trip turbine interference.The model can also be included for one of following item or more
The parameter of person：The cost associated with changing one or more parts, include the labour of turbine downtime, part replacement
With equipment, change part manufacture or trimming cost and by part that is trimmed or changing transport transport to power plant into
This；And the cost of serving associated with the replacing of wearing part.
A kind of control of optimizer described in any aspect including in the three, the 4th or the 5th aspect can be provided
Device.
According to the third aspect, there is provided a kind of control peace generated for the wind power plant including multiple wind turbines
The method of row, the control arrange how to elapse and become over time for each wind turbine instruction maximum power level
Change, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine each of instruction turbine or turbine
Each of one or more turbine components current residual fatigue life value；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by each of turbine or turbine
Each of fatigue life for being consumed of one or more turbine components between it is compromise until determining optimized control
It is described excellent to change the initial control arrangement of each of the turbine to determine optimized control arrangement untill arrangement
Change includes：
Program is checked using website, is estimated based on the control arrangement after current residual fatigue life and change by turbine
Or the duration interior following fatigue life consumed that the control of turbine components after the change arranges, the website inspection
Program is based on the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor and the ginseng relevant with wind power plant and wind turbine layouts
Number determines the interaction acted between the load of turbine components and the turbine including wind power plant；And
The optimization of arrangement is controlled according to one or more input constraint constraints；
Wherein, the constraints is included in one or more turbine components of each of the wind turbine
The maximum times of the permission part replacement of each, and optimization module is additionally configured to change the initial value in wind turbine life-span
To determine the target wind turbine life-span.
According to fourth aspect, there is provided a kind of control peace generated for the wind power plant including multiple wind turbines
The method of row, the control arrange how to elapse and become over time for each wind turbine instruction maximum power level
Change, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine each of instruction turbine or turbine
Each of one or more turbine components current residual fatigue life value；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by each of turbine or turbine
Each of fatigue life for being consumed of one or more turbine components between it is compromise until determining optimized control
It is described excellent to change the initial control arrangement of each of the turbine to determine optimized control arrangement untill arrangement
Change includes：
Program is checked using website, is estimated based on the control arrangement after current residual fatigue life and change by turbine
Or the duration interior following fatigue life consumed that the control of turbine components after the change arranges, the website inspection
Program is based on the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor and the ginseng relevant with wind power plant and wind turbine layouts
Number determines the interaction acted between the load of turbine components and the turbine including wind power plant；And
The optimization of arrangement is controlled according to one or more input constraint constraints；
Wherein, the constraints includes the target minimum wind force turbine life of each of wind turbine, and
Optimization module is additionally configured to change will be to one or more portions of each of wind turbine in the course of the arrangement
The initial value of the number for the part replacement that part performs, to determine the maximum times of part replacement.
According to the 5th aspect, there is provided a kind of control peace generated for the wind power plant including multiple wind turbines
The method of row, the control arrange how to elapse and become over time for each wind turbine instruction maximum power level
Change, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine each of instruction turbine or turbine
Each of one or more turbine components current residual fatigue life value；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by each of turbine or turbine
Each of fatigue life for being consumed of one or more turbine components between it is compromise until determining optimized control
It is described excellent to change the initial control arrangement of each of the turbine to determine optimized control arrangement untill arrangement
Change includes：
Program is checked using website, is estimated based on the control arrangement after current residual fatigue life and change by turbine
Or the duration interior following fatigue life consumed that the control of turbine components after the change arranges, the website inspection
Program is based on the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor and the ginseng relevant with wind power plant and wind turbine layouts
Number determines the interaction acted between the load of turbine components and the turbine including wind power plant；And
The optimization of arrangement is controlled according to one or more input constraint constraints；
Wherein, the optimization also includes the initial value for changing each of the wind turbine life-span, and changes described
Will be to the initial of the number of the part replacement of one or more parts execution of each of wind turbine in the course of arrangement
Value, to determine in the part replacement number of one or more turbine components of each of wind turbine and wind turbine
The target minimum wind force turbine life of each combination.
Following optional features can apply to the generating level of factory method of the three, the 4th or the 5th aspect.
Optionally, the initial control arranges to specify turbine to be operated reached whirlpool for each turbine
The relative change that turbine maximum power level elapses over time.
Optionally, the sensing data includes receiving before wind turbine or wind power plant are gone into operation and/or built
The sensing data of collection.
Optionally, the optimization function changes the residual life in turbine for one or more of turbine components
The interior number that part can be changed.The optimization function can be directed to one or more of described turbine components and change
When change can be changed during the residual life of the turbine to part.
Optionally, methods described can be constrained further, to cause for any preset time in the arrangement
Section, when the power of all turbines is all added together, power sum is no more than the energy in the connection from power plant to power network
The amount of the power enough carried.
A kind of corresponding wind-power electricity generation for being configured as performing the method for above-mentioned three, the 4th or the 5th aspect can be provided
Plant controller.
Any method in the method for described in the text can embody in software, and the software is when the processor in controller
On when being performed, the controller will be made to perform correlation technique.
It is well known by persons skilled in the art for being based on before building and/or going into operation that the website referred in text checks that software includes
Front sensor data and other site information (for example, landform etc.) simulate the operation of wind turbine to determine wind turbine
The website checking tool of the operating characteristic of machine and wind power plant.The website checking tool can also use and come from the turbine
The operation data in machine or power plant or the operation data (if available) from similar turbine or power plant.Example
Including Vestas (TM) website checking tool.The website that DNV GL provide replacement checks software kit.Its by " WindFarmer ",
" WindFarmer Bladed Link " and " Bladed " these three related programs are formed, and they allow user to implement full side
The performance and LOAD FOR of position.
Brief description of the drawings
Only by way of example and the present invention will be described in reference to the drawings now, in the accompanying drawings：
Figure 1A is the schematic elevational view of conventional wind turbine；
Figure 1B is that the general wind power generation factory for including multiple wind turbines schematically shows；
Fig. 2 is the curve map for the conventional power curve for showing wind turbine；
Fig. 3 is to show that wind turbine elapses over time and how caused power is can be with the target longevity of turbine
The chart ordered and changed；
Fig. 4 is the chart for showing the different capacity arrangement for wind turbine, and in power arrangement, individual is maximum
Wind turbine power level changes within the life-span of turbine, to control power output；
Fig. 5 is the chart for the exemplary variations for showing that the entire life accumulated between different turbine components is tired；
Fig. 6 is the example of the simplification levelized energy cost model of wind power plant；
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the exemplary optimized device for optimizing wind turbine control strategy；
Fig. 8 is the example for determining the method for wind turbine categories maximum power level；And
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of wind turbine controllers arrangement.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are sought to improve when using the control method for trading off energy capture and fatigue load
Flexibility obtained by turbine operator.Specifically, embodiment provides a kind of permission turbine operator and wanted according to it
Ask to optimize turbine performance (such as AEP) optimization method.
In order to optimize performance, there are three parameters to can be used for changing in total wind turbine control strategy.These parameters are
(i) the power arrangement of wind turbine；(ii) residual life of wind turbine；And (iii) in the residue of wind turbine
The number of the part replacement allowed during life-span.One or more of these parameters can be made relative to one in other parameters
Person or more persons change, to realize optimized control strategy.The parameter can also suffer restraints the limitation of condition.
For example, optimization can be performed to improve its AEP in turbine life and improve profit margin.Turbine operator can
To specify one or more constraintss, optimization can be performed afterwards.Operator can require minimum wind force turbine life (example
Such as, 19 years), the individual components of maximum times change (for example, replacing of a gear-box) and/or specific power arrangement, peace
Arrange curve or form or arrange one or more of gradient.
Power arrangement is that wind turbine controllers are used for remaining turbine life for example when making turbine excessively specified
The variable that interior energy capture and fatigue load trades off.Can be by specifying such as individual wind turbine peak power water
The value of equality variable and control by making the excessively specified secondary power to generate of given turbine.The maximum power level specifies
Higher than the power of rated power, until the power, turbine can be just operated when excessively specified.Power arrangement can specify
Constant maximum power level within the life-span of turbine.Alternatively, power arrangement can specify the longevity with wind turbine
Order and change so as to elapse the maximum to change over time by the amount of the excessively specified secondary power that can be generated
Power level.For example, power plant operator may want to using the increased fatigue life consumption of turbine components as cost and
More electric power are generated during the one's early years in wind turbine life-span, because the financial value to be generated electricity in the one's early years of project is disproportionate
Ground is high.
End of the individual wind turbine maximum power level of given type of turbine by wind turbine mechanical part
The constraint of the design limit of pole load limitation and electric component, because peak power can not be safely increased more than will make whirlpool
Turbine is subjected to the mechanical load value higher than its ultimate Design Ultimate Load or the level of electrical load.Individual wind turbine is most
The upper limit maximum power level of higher power levels no more than can be referred to as " wind turbine categories maximum power level ",
And the upper limit maximum power level specifies identified load no more than the design load of the wind turbine of the type
Maximum power level.Wind turbine categories maximum can be calculated by being given in " maximum power level calculating " part below
The example of the mode of power level.
Individual wind turbine maximum power level is the power water specified in arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention
It is flat, and maximum power level can be referred to simply as.Each individual turbine can be directed to individual wind turbine most
Higher power levels are refined, i.e. the fatigue load value based on each turbine, based on each of wind turbine its have
One or more of condition faced in positioning on body position or in wind power plant, to be calculated, wherein
Individual wind turbine maximum power level is determined for giving each turbine in website.Individual wind can be set
Power turbine maximum power level so that consume the speed of fatigue life by turbine or by individual turbine components and give
Fatigue life corresponding with the specific objective life-span or more than the specific objective life-span.
The residual life of wind turbine specifies operator to optimize AEP and is ready the amount of operation lifetime received.
Residual life is by depending on from the time point for starting meter first for implementing AEP optimization methods, because available residual life is with whirlpool
Turbine operation and reduce.
The number of the part replacement allowed during the residual life of wind turbine can be used for optimizing AEP.Due to
With different speed fatigue occurs for turbine components under different conditions, thus the actual life of some parts may surpass significantly
20 years life expectancies of wind turbine are crossed, or equally the part can be in Given Life by excessively specified bigger
Amount.Part with the more long-life will not promote total turbine life, and have spare capacity.However, with more
Those short-life parts then may have restriction effect to excessively specified, and can be by changing this during turbine life
One or more of a little parts and increase AEP.Specifically, it is excessively specified to gear-box, hair and what is realized by increasing torque
There is especially big influence the fatigue life of motor and power output part.On the contrary, by increasing spinner velocity the mistake realized
In the case of specified, the fatigue life of blade and structure member is influenceed by heavier.
Field-replaceable unit under the linguistic context of embodiments of the invention is considered as critical piece, such as each occupies total wind-force
5% or higher and the part that can be changed at the scene of turbine cost.Only account for the one of the totle drilling cost of wind turbine
The general wearing terrain of fraction need not then consider.Specifically, consider change part can include blade, pitch,
Pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear-box, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or change
One or more of depressor.
Fig. 3 shows the first example of optimization, wherein changing power arrangement relative to the target life objective of turbine.Show at this
In example, the projected life of turbine is 20 years, and within the life-span of turbine, power level is fixed.As can be seen that
The amount of caused power increases with the reduction in wind turbine life-span in given year.As turbine life reduces, whirlpool
The wear rate of the fatigue life of turbine or turbine components can increase, so as to allow that additional work(is generated by excessively specified
Rate.Can depend on turbine operator preference and optimizing application.For example, turbine makes the AEP maximized life-spans, showed only
Valency (NPV) or net present value (NPV) (NPW) can be determined and select.Known method can be used to calculate NPV/NPW.
Fig. 4 shows another optimization example, wherein, change power arrangement relative to the target life objective of turbine again.
In this example, it is variable within the life-span of turbine by the maximum power level for arranging to specify.It can specify initial
Arrange, for example, turbine operator there can be the desired arrangement form to be used.Arrangement defines individual wind turbine
How maximum power level is elapsed and change over time, but this can be carried out with relative mode rather than absolute mode.At this
In example, desired arrangement 401 is from wind turbine categories maximum power level P in the turbine life of 20 yearsmaxTo whirlpool
The nominal or nominal power level P of turbine typesnomLinear arrangement.It is less than the design wind speed of turbine for annual mean wind speed
Typical exemplary website, by a dotted line A show the distinctive ability of website of the individual turbine within 20 year life-span.For
For specific turbine, when the situation for the fatigue life for being no more than turbine or some turbine components in turbine life
Under, it is impossible to meet desired arrangement 401.Therefore, the arrangement is adjusted, until total according to caused by power arrangement
Untill fatigue is no more than the design fatigue life of the most heavy part of load.
This can be by estimating within its duration (for example, the whirlpool that up to turbine design life-span or user specify
The turbine life-span) fatigue damage is realized caused by follow the arrangement.Caused fatigue damage can use website
Audit function estimates, and can be using LUE data as supplement, and both of which considers is drawn in view of giving micro- website condition by load
The fatigue damage risen.The arrangement can be adjusted until that the resulting fatigue life of the most heavy part of load is equal to the portion
Untill the design fatigue life of part.In other words, the arrangement can be adjusted, until the whole in the most heavy part of load or
Untill substantially all fatigue life is exhausted within the duration of the arrangement.
The arrangement can be adjusted by adjusting one or more parameters of the arrangement.This can include：
- by adding or subtracting a value across whole arrangement and to arranging to apply a certain offset；
- be applied more than to the arrangement or gain less than 1；
- be used for via adjustment relevant parameter and make control arrange it is non-linear rising or decline it is any its
Its appropriate function, to as required otherwise to it is described arrange carry out expansion/compression or
Make its increase/diminution, to change the power level value arranged.
In one example, arrangement being adjusted can be that the caused fatigue damage based on most fatigue part contrasts
The isoeffect curve figure of time or residue reduced time fatigue life and realize, can be by power arrange curve map simultaneously
Software is checked using website and is determined, to determine specific turbine location (or the referred to as micro- station of turbine in power plant
Point) it is in the fatigue damage of caused part on given power level.Curve map is adjusted, arranges to determine until by each
The area phase of the respective capabilities line above and below being on the Equivalent Fatigue curve suitable for desired turbine life of justice
Deng untill.For example, this is by realizing area equation of the curve above and below line as follows：Institute
State the individual turbine for the constant maximum power level operation that line shows in life expectancy to set in the peculiar ability of website
Fatigue damage caused by machine.For example, it is probably the line equivalent with Fig. 3 dotted line A, but it shows individual wind turbine
Peak power elapse over time caused by fatigue damage.Can be a certain inclined by the way that power arrangement curve is added or subtracted
Shifting amount and the curve is moved up or move down untill making the area equation, or by adjusting the one or more of the curve
Parameter and make the curve magnification or diminution, thus realize area equalization.Then, turbine or turbine components consume
Total fatigue life is up to the operation of 20 years.Illustrative arrangements are shown by line 402, the line 402 terminates at black lattice i.
B is shown for same exemplary website within 19 year life-span by a dotted line, energy specific to the website of turbine
Power.As can be seen that the ability within 19 year life-span is higher than the ability in 20 year life-span.Thus, give example by line 403
Resulting 19 years arrange the initial maximum power level value P that can have than 20 year life-span to arrange 402I 20yrsHigher is initial
Maximum power level value PI 19yrs.403 are arranged to terminate on 19 years, it is indicated with black lattice ii.
In the example of fig. 4, arranging adjustment also to obey the slope arranged within 20 year life-span or gradient should be equal to initially
Arrange 401 slope or the additional constraint condition of gradient.Another constraints used in the example such as Fig. 4 can also be applied,
According to the constraints, the slope only arranged before nominal power level (it can be the rated power of turbine) is reached etc.
In the slope of initial arrangement 401, maximum power level is set to be maintained on nominal power level after the point.Alternatively, implement
Example can use the drop of turbine specified, so that the maximum power level specified by arrangement is set below the specified of turbine
The level of power.
Arrangement can be adjusted according to step-by-step system, it can be from PmaxReduce, or from PnomIncrease, Huo Zhecong
Line A performance number starts to increase, untill reaching appropriate arrangement, for the appropriate arrangement, the most heavy turbine components of load
Fatigue life sufficiently achieve the target turbine machine life-span.For example, the horizontal P of initial maximum power can be madeIFrom PnomWith 1% step
Long increase reduces, untill reaching appropriate arrangement.
Also there is a possibility that other for being optimized according to the year of turbine life to power arrangement.For example,
Arrangement can all start from same initial value (for example, Pmax), and gradient is changed, determine until by each arrangement
The area phase of the respective capabilities line above and below being on the Equivalent Fatigue curve suitable for desired turbine life of justice
Deng untill.
Another line 404 shows that turbine was in 20 years in the case where considering one or many this factor of part replacement
The example for the arrangement that can be realized in life-span.404 are arranged to terminate at black surround i.One or more parts may be especially vulnerable to
The influence of specified caused fatigue damage.For example, as shown in figure 5, after the operation of 20 years, a part is likely to be breached 20
Year life-span fatigue limit, and other parts then still leave some life-spans.In this case, change and cause higher fatigue damage
One or more parts of speed will allow to increase AEP.Accounted within the life-span of turbine, and it is total in view of what is changed
Cost, this still can increase the profit margin of turbine when calculating NPV.
Alternative solution as the arrangement of specified maximum power level value, it is also possible to specify fatigue damage or residual fatigue
The arrangement in life-span, because the speed of caused fatigue damage is relevant with the maximum power level setting of turbine.Then, to whirlpool
Wheel power output is controlled by, with for example by tracking fatigue life using LUE in Turbine controller to make residual fatigue
Life-span is maintained on the remanent fatigue life specified by arrangement.As another an alternative it would also be possible to arranged using energy, because
It nevertheless indicates that how turbine maximum power level elapses and change over time.Energy arrangement can be annual, per calendar
Month or carried out with the similar time.
Feel uncertain in order to avoid causing, arrangement there can also be non-linear form, such as follow the form of polynomial curve.
Although arrangement is illustrated as the consecutive variations within its duration, they can also change according to step-like manner,
So as to specify given maximum power level in such as special time period in the moon, season or year.Arrange can (such as) be
A series of years angle value in the life-span of turbine.
Arrangement can be calculated only once, or can be computed repeatedly according to certain intervals.For example, can be with monthly or annual
Calculate the arrangement.For based on year specify maximum power level arrangement, (such as) monthly or it is per week calculate peace
Row can be favourable, because to arranging done change to prompt the user with those parameters for changing faster than expected.
If arrangement is calculated only once, then the calculating can occur before wind power plant goes into operation, or can send out
The raw any time after operation.For the calculating repeated according to certain intervals, calculating can occur in wind power plant first
Before operation, or any time after operation can occur.
First example
According to the first example, the control arrangement that can be used for controlling wind turbine is produced.Disposed opposite can be defined, and
And one or more of maximum times that minimum wind force turbine life or critical piece are changed can be defined.Afterwards, adjust
The whole arrangement, to ensure make AEP maximized simultaneously, the fatigue life of turbine meets target life objective.
Specified controller was used to be operated according to a pair of wind turbines of the excessively specified control technology of described in the text,
The excessively specified controller can be implemented by wind turbine controllers.
Life-span is determined for using with the life-span of monitoring component using estimator (LUE).Life-span can using estimator
For ensuring that the fatigue load limit of all turbine components was held within its projected life.Given part can be measured
The load (for example, its bending moment, temperature, power or motion) being subjected to, and for example using such as rain-flow counting and Miner rules
Or the technology of chemical decay equation calculates the amount of consumed part fatigue life.Afterwards, estimator is used based on the life-span,
Individual turbine can be operated in the way of no more than its design limit.Disappeared for measuring given turbine components
Device, module, software part or the logical block of the fatigue life of consumption can also be referred to as its life-span and use estimator, and will
Referred to using same abbreviation (LUE) for determining the life-span using the algorithm and corresponding intrument of estimation, module or software or patrolling
Collect part.LUE is described in more detail.
According to default mode of operation, excessively specified controller by the expection of wind turbine or in the certified life-span to base
It is controlled in the excessively specified amount that function or arrangement are applied.Typically, this is 20 or 25 years.
Controller be configured as receiving from (such as) input parameters of site operators, the input defines wind-force whirlpool
The fresh target life-span of turbine or one or more specific turbine components.Turbine or relative turbine are determined using LUE
The life-span up to the present of part uses.This amount to the remaining component life of wind turbine is applied with constraint, and because
This is applied with constraint for control arrangement.In addition, the time quantum that revised target life objective must extend to the remainder life-span is applied
Constraint is added.
Website can be used to check software offline or in line computation following available fatigue life, and future is available tired
The labor life-span can be used for providing that revised control arranges.Website audit function can include calculating or one or more moulds
Intend, to be included in construction using based on the historical data of website come fatigue damage speed expected from determining, the historical data
The website climatic data of preceding measurement and/or the website climatic data measured after construction, and/or the data from LUE.Website
Climatic data generally includes the data of the LIDAR from MET MAST or based on ground, and it is strong to include wind speed, turbulent flow
Degree, wind direction, atmospheric density, vertical wind shear and temperature.Website inspection is calculated and can be executed remotely or on demand by turbine
Machine/generating level of factory controller performs.
Software input can be checked with giving the relevant information or parameter such as WPP websites landforms, landform, wind regime to website.
Landforms and terrain information can be provided by site survey and/or by the understanding to WPP websites, its can include slope, cliff,
The details of the inflow angle of each turbine in WPP etc..Can by Met Mast data and/or by wind turbine and/or
The wind regime that WPPC at WPP positions undergoes and recorded provides wind regime, for example, wind speed (seasonal, annual etc.
Deng), turbulence intensity (seasonal, annual etc.), atmospheric density (seasonal, annual etc.), temperature it is (seasonal
, it is annual etc.) etc..
Website checking tool can include one or more memories, database or other data structures, to store simultaneously
Keep fatigue load value, the wind turbine categories of each type of wind turbine of each type of wind turbine maximum
Power level and the information and/or parameter relevant with WPP website conditions.
Therefore generate it is revised control arrange, thus depending on the fresh target date of end-of-life be earlier than or evening
In previous target date (it can be the certified life-span) to being adjusted by excessively specified produced secondary power,
So that turbine is exposed to higher or lower fatigue damage accumulation speed.
The ability for arranging to be revised to turbine control allows operator to change the excellent of them over time
First level.For example, the main generator on local power grid may be interrupted operation to carry out the maintenance among the life-span, or may
It is completely retired, and power network may need extra support.This can be reflected in considerably higher long-term price-list, thus right
It will be favourable to increase energy production in a short time for operator.Therefore, operator may decide that reduction turbine life
Or reduce the life-span of impacted part (such as gear-box and generator), and receiving shorter wind turbine or turbine
While machine component life additional power is generated by excessively specified.
There is a possibility that determine that the life-span of wind turbine or turbine components uses with the method in addition to LUE.Phase
Instead, the operation of turbine so far can be checked, and the fatigue damage up to the present having occurred and that can be calculated.This for
Wind turbine is probably especially beneficial when being reequiped to excessively specified control, and reuses website and check that software is offline
Fatigue life can be used by calculating future, and future can be used to specify maximum power level with fatigue life.Website audit function is also
Can include it is offline or in line computation or one or more simulations, with using the historical data based on website or for installation
Measured station data is put to determine to be expected fatigue damage speed, although in this case can be in no available LUE numbers
The calculating is carried out in the case of.
Website can be used to check software to wind turbine until employing the excessively specified control of the function of described in the text
The operation on the assembling date of device processed is checked, to be joined based on inputs such as specified sites landforms, website landform, website meteorological conditions
Number, the measured value relevant using the accurate location with wind turbine in wind power plant's website are calculated on turbine components
Fatigue load, for example, the measured value be energy output, wind speed, wind direction, turbulence intensity, wind shear, atmospheric density, turbine
Machine mechanical load measurement (for example, coming from blade loading sensor), turbo-electric part temperatures and load, accumulated ice event, portion
One or more of part temperature and condition monitoring systems output.These values can be used for calculating turbine components up to the present
The estimation of the fatigue damage of generation.Can be by the way that measured value be applied into website audit function wind turbine model or mould
Intend and calculate the following probable life of turbine or turbine components, the model or simulation are based on one in these measured values
The value of the wind turbine categories maximum power level of person or more persons and turbine provides the fatigue damage of estimation and/or surplus
Remaining fatigue life is as output.Simulation or model can provide the fatigue damage of component-level or as entirety turbine
And/or remanent fatigue life.Fatigue load can be performed according to various calculating process to calculate.This website checks the various of program
Example will be well known by persons skilled in the art, and will not be described in further detail.
The estimation of the resulting fatigue life consumed to turbine or turbine components is determined for passing through institute
State the excessively specified strategy of controller application.The estimation can be used once when being initialized to excessively specified control, described first
Beginningization can be that the midway in the case where turbine is reequiped in turbine life performs.Alternatively, can be in turbine
The estimation is periodically carried out during the life-span of machine, so as to how be sent out according to life-span Fatigue damage in whole turbine life
Changing and excessively specified strategy is periodically updated.
It is what the remanent fatigue life based on wind turbine or wind turbine components determined to cross specified strategy, and described
The remanent fatigue life then operation lifetime based on wind turbine in itself.The excessively specified amount applied is controlled, so that whirlpool
Turbine or turbine components cause fatigue damage with substantially low speed, to ensure the fatigue life of turbine only in predetermined whirlpool
During turbine end-of-life, and preferably just used up at the end of predetermined turbine life.
It can be further expanded or instead of to portion by using the data from one or more condition monitoring systems
The determination of part whole life prediction.Condition monitoring systems (CMS) are included in turbine gear-box, generator or other crucial portions
Some sensors in the strategic point in transmission system in part.Condition monitoring systems part actually occur failure it
The preceding early warning provided to unit failure.Therefore, the output of condition monitoring systems can be provided to controller, and can be with
Be used as the instruction of fatigue life consumed by the part monitored, and enable in particular to provide part fatigue life when
Reach the instruction of its terminal.This provides the additional mode in life-span used in estimation.
Second example
The second example is provided to implement more generally optimization process, it can be used for implementing and above-described similar kind
The optimization of class and other more generally optimize.The optimization process of second example can by the controller of optimizing application scheme come
Implement.
The complete financial cost model or levelized energy cost (LCoE) model of turbine are included, and
It is used in the off-line calculation implemented before installing specified control system, or is used as wind turbine controllers or wind-force
The part of power plant controller and used online.The use of LCoE models allows to optimize excessively specified strategy, and also
It can be taken into account based on the cost for changing critical piece and by critical piece is changed.As used in the text, term " levelized energy
Source cost " refers to the measurement of the cost to the energy from turbine, the measurement be by by the Life Cost of turbine divided by
The life-span energy of turbine is exported and calculated.
Fig. 6 shows the example of simplified LCoE models, wherein, it is contemplated that with building and operating wind turbine and wind-force
The associated various costs of turbine power plants.
Wind turbine generator (WTG) cost takes the totle drilling cost for manufacturing wind turbine into account.Cost of transportation will be
Turbine components are transported including the cost consideration of installation website.Run and safeguard (O＆M) cost by the operating cost of turbine
Take into account, and can be updated with the generation of operation and maintenance.Maintenance technician can provide the information
To local Turbine controller, there is provided arrive other places to wind park controller or offer.Capacity factor measure is indicated in preset time section
Interior (for example, in 1 year) generation energy divided by the case where turbine is operated continuously within the period with rated power
The energy that can be generated.Availability indicates turbine by the time available for generation electric power.Energy is extracted in field efficiency instruction from wind-force
The efficiency of amount, it is influenceed by the spacing of turbine in field.
Those LCoE elements that only controlled and part replacement strategy influences must be included in LCoE models, because
The many parameters that can be included in LCoE models are just secured when building turbine or wind power plant.Impacted element
For：
● operation and maintenance (O＆M) cost
If ο changes more multi-part, cost increase
● capacity factor measure
If therefore ο generates more MWh using more radical excessively specified, then capacity factor measure increases
● availability
If ο changes more critical pieces, availability slightly declines because of the downtime needed for Renewal process
If the more radical ο excessively specified preventive replacement for causing the increase to wearing terrain is not included in arrangement
Interior failure, then availability slightly decline
● the life-span
ο depends on constraints and selects and be reduced or increased.
Financial cost (LCoE) model of turbine is included in turbine or WPP controllers allows determination more flexible
And effective control strategy.For example, if it find that the condition of particular station is particularly disadvantageous to gear-box, then the situation will be known
Not, and operator be can choose whether to make turbine excessively specified, and the replacing that certain number is carried out to gear-box is considered
It is interior.Afterwards, Turbine controller is able to determine when that gear-box should be changed, and turbine is correspondingly run, and also appoints
Selection of land provides instruction in gear-box to be changed.
Fig. 7 shows the block diagram of the exemplary optimized device for optimizing wind turbine control strategy, and the optimizer can
To be incorporated into controller, and can be used for implementing various embodiments of the present invention.
When algorithm starts, operation is once denoted as the square frame " initialized ".This provides primary condition for optimization loop.
The loop for being denoted as " optimizing " is performed periodically, such as once a day, monthly or once a year.In the loop
When being performed, it runs as much as possible on demand, so that optimization process realizes the degree of convergence good enough.Convergence is followed, new
One group of output is sent to wind turbine controllers (x1) and operator's (other outputs), to control plan determined by implementation
Slightly.Two square frames of " estimation for calculating LCoE " include identical computational methods.They include Fig. 6 all still loose members
Element, i.e. O＆M costs, capacity factor measure, availability and life-span.For example, pylon CAPEX has been fixed, thus need not be included
Inside.But operation and maintenance (O＆M) cost is not fixed, because the possible working strength of gear-box is bigger, and in turbine
Life-span during be changed in paper machines at approximately weekly intervals, thus the cost is included.
All connections are not showed that in the figure 7, wherein, there are many similar connections, such as in optimized algorithm square frame and " meter
Connection between calculation LCoE estimation " square frame.Following symbols are used in the figure 7 or with reference to figure 7：
●N：Cycle (for example, year) number of residual life.If desired, user can be changed to it, to meet it
Desired operation strategy.
●x1：The one-dimensional array of individual wind turbine maximum power level in 1...N, such as 3WM
For turbine, it is [3.5MW, 3.49MW, 3.48MW, 3.47MW...]
●x2：The one-dimensional array of gear-box replacing number in 1...N, such as [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
0,0,0,0,0]
●x3：Generator in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x4：Base bearing in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x5：Blade group in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
And optional：
●x6：Converter in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x7：Pitch in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x8：Pitch actuator (hydraulic unit or electric component) in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x9：Yaw drive mechanism in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x10：Yaw in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x11：Transformer in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
● " _ 0 " instruction primary condition, for example, x1_0 is x1 primary condition.
With reference to figure 7, optimization process is it needs to be determined that giving some constants of turbine and using some physical parameters and control
The primary condition of the value calculation optimization of parameter processed.Once having calculated primary condition, optimization process is with regard to application definition levelized
The function of relation between the input value of energy cost and physical parameter and control parameter determines to make levelized energy cost most
Smallization and no more than it is some optimization constraintss input values combination.
For the primary condition of calculation optimization, it is determined that some parameter values of given turbine, and be entered into " initial
In change " square frame.For any period demand optimizes (for example, monthly), these values are constant.They are operator's inputs
Parameter, and can change at any time, but if be changed, then will be employed in running optimizatin next time.These ginsengs
Number can include one or more of following item：The life-span of turbine/individual turbine components；Gear-box replacement cost；Axle
Hold replacement cost；Generator replacement cost；Blade exchanging cost；System for rotating replacement cost；And any other necessary parts
Replacement cost.
Such as determine the life-span of turbine and/or one or more using website audit function and/or one or more LUE
The life-span of individual part, or the life-span of turbine and/or the life-span of one or more parts can be provided as the pact to be met
Beam condition.Field-replaceable unit includes blade, pitch, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear-box, generating
Machine, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or transformer.
It is determined that change the totle drilling cost of each part.For example, for changing gear-box, cost will consider filling
What is matched somebody with somebody is new gear-box or renovation gear-box, cost of transportation and crane and human cost.Availability in Fig. 6
Part, also comprising turbine downtime cost.
Also include other costs, such as the financial cost including Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) etc. and calculating future
Turbine operation reserve is to any other element needed for LCoE influence.
Life parameter can be set by operator depending on it for the operation strategy in the place, or can conduct
The part of optimization and be determined.Other constants are based on best knowledge, thus they can be updated once in a while, but this renewal will
It is quite rare.Specifically, O＆M costs can only be pre-estimated, and can be over time and with real data
These estimations are substituted, are derived from the more accurate estimation to following O＆M costs.
" initialization " square frame and optimized algorithm use following variable：
●x1：The one-dimensional array of maximum power level in 1...N, such as 3WM turbines, be
[3.5MW,3.49MW,3.49MW,3.48MW,3.47MW...]
●x2：The one-dimensional array of gear-box replacing number in 1...N, such as [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
0,0,0,0,0]
●x3：Generator in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x4：Base bearing in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x5：Blade group in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
And optional：
●x6：Converter in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x7：Pitch in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x8：Pitch actuator (hydraulic unit or electric component) in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x9：Yaw drive mechanism in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x10：Yaw in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
●x11：Transformer in 1...N changes the one-dimensional array of number
The initial calculation of estimation to LCoE uses the initial estimation carried out for primary condition from operator, i.e.
X1_0, x2_0, x_0 etc..
The signal for being denoted as " measurement data " in Fig. 7 includes the data from sensor and determined by O＆M processes
Data.Measurement data from sensor can come from turbine or wind power plant, and can include in following options
One of or more persons：
- such as gear-box, generator, base bearing, blade, converter, pitch, pitch actuator (hydraulic unit or
Electric component), yaw drive mechanism, yaw, transformer etc. one or more of turbine components LUE values；
- wind speed and environmental data, or the other data obtained by website inspection program；
The CMS data of one or more of-turbine components.
Measurement data from operation and maintenance (O＆M) activity includes O＆M costs, and the O＆M costs can include being based on
So far the estimation of cost (if any).It can be arranged service mode with future, from same wind power plant or
The experiences of other turbines with same design of the other wind power plants of person and for using same parts with not
The experience of some parts with other turbines of design is used together, to provide estimating for following O＆M costs in being calculated in LCoE
Meter.
According to primary condition, optimization process is using the input and constraints by directly calculating LCoE or passing through meter
Calculate some LCoE variables and minimize levelized energy cost (LCoE).It need to only calculate and be changed after turbine is built
LCoE part, i.e. by the part of O＆M costs, capacity factor measure, availability and aging effects.Running optimizatin, until making
Untill LCoE is minimized, for example, untill being changed stepwise in the LCoE calculated is in given tolerance.
Constraints for optimization is optimized algorithm inaccessiable region when searching for LCoE minimum value.Constrain bar
Part can include one or more of following item：Wind turbine categories maximum power level；The least work of type of turbine
Rate exports；The maximum active power capacity that wind park is connected with power network, i.e. the maximum of the active power output of all turbines
With；And any other appropriate constraints.
Constraints can also include one or more of following item that can be defined by the user：
- minimum or target it is expected the wind turbine life-span；
- for the maximum times of all parts or the part replacement of one or more given parts；
The predefined maximum power level arrangement of the form of-definition peak power arrangement or predefined relative maximum power
Arrange.
The quantity of the input of each one-dimensional array can be selected, so that the run time of optimized algorithm more manageability.It is one-dimensional
Array x1, x2 etc., which are described above as, is provided for annual operation.It is, however, possible to for monthly or quarterly
Operation provides input, and this will provide the input of 12 times or 4 times quantity.Therefore, it is possible to use year is worth.Of course, it is possible on demand
Using the different time cycle, desired calculating time or optimization granularity are specifically dependent upon.
Again, in order that run time more manageability, can select wind turbine components, only to make in optimization
With maximally related part.Whether can significantly be influenceed and right by the active power output higher than rated wind speed based on component life
Including part selected, the part especially can be gear-box, generator, base bearing and blade.
Additionally or alternatively, the part used in optimization can be selected based on their value.For example, only have
The part of 5% or higher value of turbine totle drilling cost is just included.
Optimizer algorithm its each run to convergence when generate some outputs.Represent turbine in 1...N
The one-dimensional array x1 of the arrangement of maximum power level can by by the automatic data transmission to wind turbine controllers with
It is used for as turbine power demand untill next suboptimization loop is run (for example, after 1 month) in closed-loop control.
Alternatively, can be for example by the way that maximum power level data be sent to computer system to export over the display so as to by tieing up
The department of repairing is checked, maximum power level is used with advisory capacity in the case of no automatic control loop.
Other one-dimensional array x2, x3, x4 represent the arrangement for part replacement.The arrangement data can be output to another
Computer system, so as to allow to take action.The data can be supplied directly to part replacement and arrange software.Alternatively,
Part replacement data including the recommended replacement date are used as consulting output, and the output is sent to display, with by tieing up
The department of repairing is checked, so as to which deciding part changes the artificial embodiment of plan.
It should be noted that the one-dimensional array (x1) of above-described maximum power level can only be used as nominal and by
There is provided, be provided as nominal or drop nominal is crossed, or be only provided as drop nominal, so that maximum
Power level variable only needs to specify the amount for exceeding (or less than) rated power.Alternatively, power demand can be each week
Speed requirement and/or torque-demand in phase, or can be fatigue life consumption, wherein, pass through the life-span as described below
Power is controlled using control function.Not only operating speed demand but also the use of the defects of torque-demand is to be used to calculate and most preferably match somebody with somebody
The calculating time put will be longer.
Although being described as being performed periodically by optimizer above, it can also accidentally be used, it might even be possible to
Only with once.For example, can be in optimization described in off-line execution at the point for installing specified controller.Alternatively, will can optimize
At the present wind turbine of body, in the controller in wind-power electricity generation factory and office or other places, in this case, its will according to it is specific when
Between step-length be performed.
As described above, optimization can perform in the case of with and without LUE, because station data can be used for really
Determine part fatigue, and therefore provide the instruction of turbine or the available residual life of turbine components.
Although optimized algorithm is described mainly in combination with situation about being used together with excessively specified controller, this is not
It is required.Any controlling behavior connected applications that can will optimize and be traded off to energy capture and turbine fatigue load.
This can include one or more of following item：Change power demand for example, by dropping specified；Thrust limits, and it is to power
Output is limited, using by avoiding high thrust using power output as the rotor thrust at cost reduction power curve " turn " place
Load；Or any other controlling feature traded off to energy capture and fatigue load.
Although required calculating can be implemented in any position, in practice, such strategic sexual behaviour is most
Fortunately implement in power plant controller, such as implement in SCADA servers.This permission directly inputs service on website
Data, so as to avoid slave site to the communication issue of control centre.However, the calculating can also perform in control centre.Together
The content of sample is applied to other methods of described in the text, including the method in the first example.
Maximum power level calculates
It is described below the example technique for determining the maximum power level that may apply to turbine.
The method of wind turbine categories maximum power level for determining a type of wind turbine can wrap
Include：For the horizontal simulation load spectrum of two or more measured powers, to be determined for each of two or more power levels
Load on the wind turbine of the type；By for the wind-force whirlpool of load and the type determined by each measured power level
The design load of turbine is compared；And the wind turbine categories maximum power level of the wind turbine of the type is set
It is set to load determined by making no more than the full test power level of the design load of the wind turbine of the type.
Correspondingly, the wind turbine that can be directed to one or more types determines wind turbine categories peak power water
It is flat.
What what Fig. 8 showed that detailed description can be used in combination with any embodiment be configured to turbine maximum power level
The flow chart of example.In step 301, inspection is performed, to determine the wind turbine of the wind turbine of one or more types
The machine mechanical component design limit.In this example, design limit is determined using offline computer system.It should be appreciated, however, that
Can be real by on-line computer system or any other software and/or hardware associated with wind turbine and/or WPP
Apply the function.
Wind turbine categories maximum power level is：In the confidential portion with wind turbine of wind turbine of given type
In the case that the limit of the design load of part is operated, the wind turbine of the given type is allowed when wind-force is suitably high
Caused maximum power level.Wind turbine categories maximum power level is effectively applied to the projected life of turbine.Cause
This, wind turbine categories maximum power level by usually above the nominal famous brand rated value of the wind turbine of the type, because
For the typically more conservative value of nominal nameplate rating.
" a type of wind turbine " that uses in following example and embodiment can be interpreted as having identical
Electrical system, mechanical system, generator, gear-box, turbine blade, turbine blade length, the wind-force of hub height etc.
Turbine.Correspondingly, for the purpose of embodiments of the invention, the primary structure of wind turbine or any difference of part are all
The wind turbine of new type will actually be produced.For example, remaining is all in addition to hub height (such as tower height) is different
Identical wind turbine will be two distinct types of wind turbine.Similarly, except turbine blade length difference
It is outer remaining all identical wind turbine also will be considered as different types of wind turbine.50Hz and 60Hz wind turbines
Different types of wind turbine is also considered as, they are that the wind turbine with hot weather design is waited for cold air.
Therefore, the type of wind turbine not necessarily corresponds to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) classification of wind turbine, because
It may be at for different types of wind turbine in the identical IEC classifications of wind turbine, wherein, each type of wind-force whirlpool
Turbine can the design based on the part in wind turbine and there is different wind turbine categories maximum power levels.
In following example, the rated value of wind turbine is 1.65MW (1650KW) nominal nameplate rated power water
Flat, its hub height is 78 meters, and is designed to service under the conditions of specific IEC wind scales.
Afterwards, can by simulate tested the loading spectrum of nominal power level for first with identify be directed to this first
The load of the wind turbine for acting on the type of power level, to determine the wind turbine of the wind turbine of the type
The design limit of types of mechanical part.Load can be mechanical load, fatigue load, wind turbine may undergo it is any its
Any combinations of its load or different loads.In this example, it is contemplated that mechanical load, it should be appreciated, however, that can also
Consider other load, such as fatigue load.The process of simulation load spectrum can also include can be determining the wind-force of the type
The analysis of the other forms of load on turbine or can be the analysis extrapolation.
Loading spectrum generally includes a range of different test cases, can be transported in the computer simulation of wind turbine
These test cases of row.For example, loading spectrum can include the test case for following situation：Continue the 8m/s of 10 minutes wind
Power, the wind-force for the 10m/s for continuing 10 minutes, different wind directions, different wind turbulivitys, the startup of wind turbine, wind-force whirlpool
Shutdown of turbine etc..It should be appreciated that may there are many different wind speed, wind regime, wind turbine operation condition and/or event
Barrier condition, operation it can be directed to their test case in the wind turbine simulation of loading spectrum.Test case can include
Real real data or artificial data (for example, 50 years fitful winds defined in the standard related to wind turbine).Carry
All test cases that the simulation of lotus spectrum can be directed in loading spectrum determine to influence the power and load of wind turbine.The simulation is also
It can estimate or determine the number that test case event may occur, such as, it is contemplated that continue the 10m/s of 10 minutes wind
Test case may occur during the life-span of 20 years of wind turbine 2000 times, therefore can calculate in wind turbine
The fatigue on wind turbine in the life-span of machine.The simulation is also based on the identified load for influenceing wind turbine
Fatigue damage or load caused by the various parts possibility in wind turbine is calculated or determined.
In this example, the first measured power level can be 1700KW, because it is higher than the wind considered in this example
The nominal nameplate nominal power level of power type of turbine.Afterwards, the wind turbine simulation load of given type can be directed to
Spectrum, to judge whether the wind turbine of the type can be so that the first measured power level is operated and is no more than the type
The final design load of the mechanical part of wind turbine.If simulation shows that the wind turbine of the type can be with first
Measured power level is operated, then can be directed to the horizontal repetition identical process of the second measured power.For example, in the example
In, the second measured power level can be 1725KW.Afterwards, the wind turbine simulation load spectrum of given type can be directed to,
To identify whether the wind turbine of the type can be so that the second measured power level is operated and is no more than the wind of the type
The final design load of the mechanical part of power turbine.
If no more than the final design load of mechanical part, can be iteratively performed horizontal for other measured powers
Simulation load composes process.In this example, measured power level is incremented by with 25KW step-length, but it would be recognized that incremental step
Length can be adapted for any step-length for identifying the purpose of wind turbine categories maximum power level, for example, 5KW, 10KW,
15KW, 20KW, 30KW, 50KW etc., or incremental steps can increase the horizontal percentage of measured power, for example, 1% increasing
Amount, 2% increment, 5% increment etc..Alternatively, the process starts from high the first measured power level, and for every
Secondary iteration, make the amount that it is appropriate that measured power level is successively decreased, untill identifying wind turbine categories maximum power level, i.e.,
The first measured power level that the wind turbine of the type can be operated without being limited more than final design.
In this example, the wind turbine for giving type is identified as exceeding one or more Machinery Ministries on 1825KW
Before the design limit of part, it can be operated in 1750KW, 1775KW and 1800KW other measured power levels.Thus, institute
The process of stating identifies that the wind turbine categories maximum power level of the turbine of the type is 1800KW.
In other embodiments, because the wind turbine of the type is no more than the final of mechanical part on 1800KW
Design load, but exceed the final design load of mechanical part on 1825KW, then the process can further iteratively
Make the less increment of measured power increasing levels, such as 5KW, with identify wind turbine can 1800KW and 1825KW it
Between power level on operate and be no more than mechanical final design load.However, in present exemplary, by 1800KW power water
The wind turbine categories mechanical component design limit of the flat wind turbine as the type.
The wind turbine that any other type to be analyzed can be directed to afterwards performs determination wind turbine categories most
The process of higher power levels.In Fig. 8 step 302, previously determined wind turbine mechanical component design pole can be directed to
Limit considers or assessed the design limitation of the electric component in the wind turbine of the type.
In step 302, it may be considered that essential electrical part, to ensure to be directed to wind determined by the mechanical component design limit
Power type of turbine power level is no more than the design limitation of the essential electrical part of the wind turbine for the type analyzed.
For example, essential electrical part can include the wind turbine of generator, transformer, inside cable, contactor or the type
Any other electric component in machine.
Based on simulation and/or calculate, then judge whether essential electrical part can be be previously directed to mechanical component design
Wind turbine categories maximum power level is operated determined by the limit.For example, in mechanical component design power limit water
Operation on flat may cause the temperature rise of one or more cable inside wind turbine, and thus reduction cable
Current carrying capacity, and current carrying capacity is determined by the size and heat dissipating state of cable conductor.Therefore, by for new
Temperature conditionss calculating current bearing capacity, to judge whether cable can be be up to wind turbine categories maximum power level
Power level operated.Other electric components can be directed to and consider similar consideration item, for example, the temperature of part, portion
Capacity of part etc., to identify whether the electric component can be carried out to be up to the power level of the mechanical component design limit
Operation.
If it is determined that or identify that essential electrical part can be grasped with the previously determined mechanical component design limit
Make, then in Fig. 8 step 303, the wind turbine for giving type, by wind turbine categories maximum power level
The wind turbine of given type is set or is recorded as according to the maximum power level of the mechanical component design limit.However, such as
Fruit determines or identifies that essential electrical part can not be operated with the previously determined mechanical component design limit, then can be with
Further investigation or action are taken, to obtain coordinating the type of turbine peak power water of both mechanical part and electric component
It is flat.
, then can should once it is determined that the wind turbine categories maximum power level of each type of wind turbine
Parameter is used as the constraints in method as described above, to obtain the individual peak power of each wind turbine in WPP
The arrangement of horizontal (such as most greater than nominal power level).
The Different Individual maximum power level of each wind turbine in WPP is favourable, because the condition in WPP can
Can be in the different everywhere of WPP websites.Therefore, it may be the case that the wind turbine on a certain position in WPP may face with
The different situation of another same type wind turbine on diverse location in WPP.Therefore, two wind turbines of same type
Different individual maximum power levels is may require, or the institute of the type of preferred embodiment into WPP can be depended on
There is the minimum individual maximum power level of wind turbine application.As described herein, individual wind turbine it is distinctive individual most
Higher power levels are determined as the part for determining to arrange.
Cross specified control
Embodiments of the invention can apply to wind turbine or wind power plant, by applying specified control with true
Surely the excessively specified amount to be applied operates wind turbine or wind power plant.
Crossing rated control signal is generated by excessively specified controller, and is used for by wind turbine controllers making turbine
Cross specified.Control described above arrangement can be used in this excessively specified controller or used in combination, to set
Pass through the upper limit of the amount of the excessively specified power that can be generated.Generated reality of the concrete mode for the present invention of rated control signal
It is inessential to apply for example, but will provide example in order to understand.
Each wind turbine can include part of the specified controller as wind turbine controllers.Cross specified control
Device processed calculated specified request signal, and it indicates that turbine makes power output excessively specified to the amount reached higher than rated output.
Controller receives the data from turbine sensor, for example, propeller pitch angle, rotor speed, power output etc., and can send
Order, for example, the set point of propeller pitch angle, rotor speed, power output etc..Controller may also receive from the order of power network,
For example, the order from grid operator, so as to lift or reduce active or nothing in response to the demand on power network or failure
Work(power output.
Fig. 9 shows the schematic example of Turbine controller arrangement, wherein, excessively specified controller 901 generated specified
Control signal, wind turbine controllers can be excessively specified to purposes of turbine application using the control signal.Cross specified control
Signal can be depending on the operating parameter for detecting turbine and/or one or more of local conditional (for example, wind speed and direction)
The output of individual sensor 902/904 and generate.Crossing specified controller 901 includes can be used for the various aspects of specified control
One or more of functional control module.Additional functional module can be provided, be able to can also be saved with the function of composite module
Slightly some modules.
The value of individual turbine maximum power level is that the arrangement determined like that according to text by optimizer 907 is carried
Supply.It is provided can be operated reached maximum power level according to the arrangement turbine.
Additional function modules generate power demand, and typically by play reduce Turbine controller in accordance with final work(
The effect of rate demand.The specific example of additional function modules is operation constraints module 906.Cross and specified make use of usual presence
Gap between the load that part design load and each turbine are subjected in operation, the load being subjected to is generally than meter
The IEC standard simulated conditions for calculating design load are better.Cross specified so that increasing the power demand to turbine in high wind-force,
Set untill reaching operation constraints (temperature etc.) operating limit for specifying, or until reaching in order to avoid exceeding part
Untill the upper limit of the power counted load and set.The operation constraints implemented by operating constraints control module 906 can
The function crossed rated power demand and be limited to various operating parameters of energy.For example, it is ready in defencive function in gear-box oil temperature
Initiated during more than 65 DEG C in the case of shutting down, operation constraints is it can be stated that for the temperature more than 60 DEG C, maximum possible mistake
Specified set point signal as gear-box oil temperature function and linear decline, " volume can not possibly be carried out so as to reaching on 65 DEG C
It is fixed " (that is, equal to the power set point signal of rated power).
Maximum power level and power demand from functional module are provided to minimum function, square frame 908, and select
Minimum value.Another minimum square frame 909 can be provided, its select minimal power requirements from excessively specified controller 901 and
Any other turbine power demand, such as those power demands that grid operator specifies, to produce by wind turbine control
The final power demand of device application processed.
Alternatively, for example, excessively specified controller can be the part of Figure 1B PPC controllers 130.PPC controllers with
Each of turbine communicates, and can receive the data from turbine, such as propeller pitch angle, rotor speed, power output
Deng, and send and order to individual turbine, for example, the set point of propeller pitch angle, rotor speed, power output etc..PPC 130 also connects
Receive the order from power network, for example, the order from grid operator, to be lifted in response to the demand on power network or failure or
Person reduces the output of active or reactive power.The controller of each wind turbine communicates with PPC 130.
PPC controllers 130 receive the power output data from each of turbine, thus know each turbine
Power output and the power output as overall power plant at grid connection point 140.If desired, PPC controllers 130
The operational set-points of the power output for the power plant as entirety can be received, and it is carried out between each turbine
Division, so that output is no more than the set point of operator's distribution.The power plant set point can be specified up to power plant from 0
Any position of power output." rated power " output in power plant is the rated power output of the individual turbine in power plant
Sum.The rated power that power plant set point can be higher than power plant exports, i.e. whole power plant is by excessively specified.
PPC can directly receive the input from power network connection, or it can receive and export and mark as total power plant
The signal of the measurement of difference between title or the output of rated generation factory.The difference can be used for for the excessively specified of individual turbine
Basis is provided.In theory, it can only make single turbine excessively specified, it is preferred that make multiple turbines excessively specified, and
Most preferably rated signal is transmitted across to all turbines.The mistake rated signal for being sent to each turbine may not be fixed
Control, can be conversely the excessively specified the maximum amount of instruction that each turbine can perform.Each turbine can have phase
The controller of association, the controller may be implemented within Turbine controller, or can concentrate implementation, for example, by reality
Apply at PPC, the controller will implement one or more of function shown in Fig. 9, to judge whether turbine can be right
Cross rated signal to respond, and if it can, then judge specified great amount.For example, the control in Turbine controller
Device processed determine at given turbine condition is favourable and is higher than rated wind speed, then it can make active response, and make
Given turbine is excessively specified.Because controller implemented rated signal, thus the output in power plant will increase.
Therefore, rated signal intensively or at each individual turbine was generated, the signal designation is one or more
The excessively specified amount that can perform of turbine of turbine or power plant as entirety.
Life-span uses estimator
As described above, embodiments of the invention use estimator (LUE) using the life-span.It will retouch in more detail now
Stating the life-span uses estimator.Algorithm needed for life expectancy use will change between the parts, and LUE can include LUE and calculate
Faku County, it includes some or all of following：Bearer duration, the distribution of load rotating speed, rain-flow counting, Cyclic Stress damage
Wound, temperature cycles damage, generator thermal reaction rate, transformer thermal reaction rate and bearing wear.It can be used in addition
Its algorithm.As described above, the life-span can be only used for selected critical component using estimation, and to algorithms library use so that
New part can be selected to be used for LUE, and the suitable algorithm and design parameter selected from storehouse is set for the part.
In one embodiment, LUE is implemented for all critical pieces of turbine, the critical piece includes：Blade；
Pitch；Pitch actuator or drive mechanism；Wheel hub；Main shaft；Main bearing housing；Base bearing；Box bearing；Gear teeth；
Generator；Dynamo bearing；Converter；Alternator terminal case cable；Yaw drive mechanism；Yaw；Pylon；Sea support
Structure (if present)；Ground；And Transformer Winding.Alternatively, one or more of these LUE can be selected
LUE。
As the example of appropriate algorithm, rain-flow counting can be used for blade construction, blade bolt, system for rotating, main shaft
In system, converter, yaw system, pylon and ground estimator.In blade construction algorithm, rain-flow counting is applied to blade
Root bending is shimmy and waves torque to identify Cyclic Stress scope and average value, and sends output to Cyclic Stress damage and calculate
Method.For blade bolt, rain-flow counting is applied to bolts bend torque, to identify Cyclic Stress scope and average value, and will
Output is sent to Cyclic Stress damage algorithm.In system for rotating, axis system, pylon and ground estimator, also by rain flowmeter
Figure method and be applied to identification Cyclic Stress scope and average value, and send output to Cyclic Stress damage algorithm.Using rain stream
The parameter of algorithm can include：
- system for rotating-pitch power；
- axis system-main shaft torque；
- pylon-pylon stress；
- ground-foundation stress.
In yaw system, rain flow algorithm is applied to tower top moment of torsion to identify bearer duration, and this is defeated
Go out to be sent to Cyclic Stress damage algorithm.In the converter, generator power and RPM are used to infer temperature, and in the temperature
On degree temperature cycles and average value are identified using rain-flow counting.
Can be by the way that the shimmy load of blade and pitch speed be input into bearer duration algorithm or axle as input
Abrasion algorithm is held to use to monitor the life-span in blade bearing.For gear-box, the load rotating speed duration is applied to main shaft
Torque, to calculate the used life-span.For generator, generator RPM is used to infer generator-temperature detection, it is used as thermal response
The input of speed generator algorithm.For transformer, transformer temperature is inferred from power and environment temperature, with hot to transformer
Reaction rate algorithm provides input.
In the conceived case, preferably the input that wherein algorithm operates on it is provided using existing sensor.
Thus, for example, wind turbine typically directly measures the blade root needed for blade construction, blade bearing and blade bolt estimator
Portion's bending is shimmy and waves torque.For system for rotating, the pressure in the first chamber of cylinder can be measured, and may infer that
Pressure in two chambers, so as to calculate pitch power.These are only examples, and can be required using direct measurement as input
Other parameters, or the other parameters can be inferred from the output of other available sensors.For some parameters, if can not be with
Enough precision are inferred to a value, then the use of additional sensor are probably favourable.
Algorithm for various types of fatigue estimations is known, and can be found in following standard and text：
Load rotating speed distributes and bearer duration：
Guidelines for the Certification of Wind Turbines,Germainischer
Lloyd,Section 7.4.3.2Fatigue Loads
Rain stream：
IEC 61400-1‘Wind turbines–Part 1:Design requirements’,Annex G Miners
Summation：
IEC 61400-1‘Wind turbines–Part 1:Design requirements ', Annex G power laws
(chemical modification)：
IEC 60076-12‘Power Transformers–Part 12:Loading guide for dry-type
power transformers’,Section 5。
Generating plantwide control
Any method in the method for described in the text can perform in wind power plant's rank, and thus generation includes each
The power plant control that the individual control of wind turbine arranges arranges.So doing to have allows to consider the turbine in given power plant
The benefit of interaction between machine.
Change on power demand/power levels of one or more turbines of upstream influence immediately following one of upstream or
The power output and fatigue damage accumulation speed of any turbine of multiple turbines.Website checks that software includes relevant turbine
The information of positioning in wind power plant, and consider the relative position of turbine in wind power plant relative to each other.Cause
This, takes the wake effect from upstream turbine into account in the calculating that website checks software implementation.
In the case of some wind power plants, the power-carrying of the connection from power plant to utility grid is less than
All turbines are generated in the case of generating power with wind turbine categories maximum power level by each turbine
Power sum.In this case, the control arrangement of wind turbine or wind power plant is further constrained, to cause
For any preset time section in the arrangement, when the power of all turbines is all added together, power sum
The amount for the power that can be carried no more than the connection from power plant to power network.
The embodiment of described in the text is depended on to turbine attribute and turbine station when it is determined that the control of turbine arranges
The analysis of point attribute.Including checking that those inclusive various calculating that software performs can be at one or more by website
Off-line execution in individual different computing systems, and resulting control arrangement is provided to wind turbine or power plant control
Device processed.Alternatively, the calculating can be performed at wind turbine controllers or power plant controller in line.
Examples described above is non-exclusive, and one or more of described feature can be combined or assisted
Make, set maximum power level to obtain improved excessively specified control for each wind turbine in wind power plant will pass through
System, improved excessively specified control consider environment that is that wind turbine is faced or being impacted to wind turbine and station
Point condition.
It should be pointed out that embodiments of the invention both can apply to constant speed turbine, Variable speed turbines are can apply to again.
Turbine can use active pitch control, the power limit higher than rated wind speed be realized from there through feathering, feathering is related to
Make partly or entirely rotating for each blade, to reduce the angle of attack.Alternatively, turbine can use deliberate speed loss to control,
It to blade by along with the direction in opposite direction that is used in active pitch control carrying out feather so that its stall is realized
Higher than the power limit of rated wind speed.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described it should be appreciated that this embodiment is simply by citing
Mode describe.Those skilled in the art will expect many changes, modification and replace, and be defined without departing from appended claims
The scope of the present invention.
Claims (36)
1. a kind of generate the method arranged for the control of wind turbine, the control arranges instruction turbine peak power water
Flat how to elapse and change over time, methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement, it is determined that indicating the turbine or one or more whirlpools
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine component；
Optimizing application function, it is described optimization function by change energy capture with by the turbine or one or more of
It is compromise untill determining that optimized control arranges between the fatigue life that turbine components are consumed, to change initial control
System is arranged to determine optimized control arrangement, and the optimization includes：
Estimated based on the control arrangement after the current residual fatigue life and change by the turbine or turbine components
The following fatigue life consumed in the duration that control after the change arranges；And
The optimization that the control arranges is constrained according to one or more input constraint conditions；
Wherein, the optimization also includes the initial value for changing the wind turbine life-span, and changes in the course of the arrangement
The initial value of the number for the part replacement one or more parts are performed, to determine the portion of one or more turbine components
The combination of the number that part is changed and target minimum wind force turbine life.
2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the initial control arrangement, which specifies the turbine, to be grasped
The relative change that the turbine maximum power level for making to be reached elapses over time.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, in addition to：
Optimize the control by changing the opportunity of part replacement and changing the number of part replacement until reaching maximum times
Arrange.
4. according to the method any one of claim 1,2 or 3, wherein, the one or more of turbines that can be changed
Machine part includes one or more of following item：Blade, pitch, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, tooth
Roller box, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or transformer.
5. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein, the input constraint condition also includes turbine design institute
The upper limit maximum power output of the turbine allowed and/or the minimum power of the turbine export.
6. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein it is determined that indicating the turbine or one or more whirlpools
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine component includes：By the sensor number from one or more turbine sensors
Algorithm for estimating is used according to applied to one or more life-spans.
7. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein it is determined that indicating the turbine or one or more whirlpools
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine component includes：Use the data from condition monitoring systems.
8. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein it is determined that indicating the turbine or one or more whirlpools
The value of the current residual fatigue life of turbine component includes：Check that program is used in combination from wind-powered electricity generation field sensor with website to obtain
Data, the website check program be based on the wind-powered electricity generation field sensor and with the wind power plant and the wind turbine
Relevant parameter is designed to determine to act on the load on turbine components.
9. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein, the optimization that the control arranges includes：
Change the control to arrange, so that levelized energy cost (LCoE) minimizes.
10. according to the method for claim 9, wherein, LCoE is determined using LCoE models, the model is included for following
The parameter of one or more of item：
Capacity factor measure, its indicate the energy that is generated within a period of time divided by the turbine within described a period of time with volume
Determine the energy that can be generated in the case of power continuous operation；
Availability, it indicates the turbine by the time available for generation electric power；And
Field efficiency, it indicates the energy generated within a period of time divided by not done completely by upstream turbine in the turbine
The energy that can be generated in the case of being operated in the wind disturbed.
11. according to the method for claim 10, wherein, the model is also included for one or more of following item
Parameter：
The cost associated with changing one or more parts, including the labour of turbine downtime, part replacement and set
Manufacture that is standby, changing part or trimming cost and by part that is trimmed or changing transport the transport in the power plant into
This；And
The cost of serving associated with the replacing of wearing part.
12. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein, the optimized control arrangement is the turbine function
Enough operated the arrangement of reached maximum power level.
13. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 11, wherein, the control arranges instruction to push away over time
Move should caused by fatigue damage amount, methods described also include based on one or more LUE to the wind turbine carry out
Operation, so as to cause fatigue damage with the speed for arranging to indicate by the control.
14. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein, the control, which arranges to specify, is higher than the wind turbine
Rated power maximum power level.
15. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein, the control arranges to indicate the turbine peak power
How level changes within the life-span of the turbine.
16. provide wind-force according to the method described in any preceding claims, in addition to by the optimized control arrangement
Turbine controller or power plant controller, to control the power output of wind turbine.
17. according to the method described in any preceding claims, wherein, periodically repeat methods described.
18. the method according to claim 11, wherein, it is daily, monthly or annual to repeat methods described.
19. a kind of be used for wind turbine or the controller of wind power plant, it is configured as performing according in claim 1 to 18
Any one described in method.
20. a kind of be used to generate the optimizer arranged for the control of wind turbine, the control arranges instruction turbine most
How higher power levels elapse and change over time, and the optimizer includes：
Optimization module, it is configured as receiving：The initial value of one group of variable, one group of variable are the behaviour of the wind turbine
Make variable and arranged including initial control；One or more constraintss；And the instruction turbine or one or more
The data of the current residual fatigue life of individual turbine components；
Wherein, the optimization module is configured as：
By the remanent fatigue life according to the turbine or one or more of turbine components and one
Or multiple constraintss make one or more of described variable be changed from its initial value and made at the optimization module
Receive depending on one group of variable operating parameter minimize or maximize, come to it is described control arrangement optimize；
And
Optimized control arrangement is exported,
Wherein, the optimization module is additionally configured to change the initial value in wind turbine life-span and changed in the arrangement
The initial value of the number for the part replacement that one or more parts are performed in course, to determine one or more turbine portions
The combination of the number and target minimum wind force turbine life of the part replacement of part.
21. optimizer according to claim 20, wherein, the initial control arrangement, which specifies the turbine, to enter
The relative change that the turbine maximum power level that row operation is reached elapses over time.
22. the optimizer according to claim 20 or 21, in addition to it is configured as receiving the initial value of one group of variable
With the initialization module of the sensing data, the initialization module is configured as calculating the initial value of the operating parameter.
23. according to the optimizer described in claim 20,21 or 22, wherein, the one or more of turbines that can be changed
Part is one or more of following item：Blade, pitch, pitch actuating system, wheel hub, main shaft, base bearing, gear
Case, generator, converter, yaw drive mechanism, yaw or transformer.
24. the optimizer according to any one of claim 20 to 23, wherein, the operating parameter is the turbine
Levelized energy cost (LCoE), and the control arrangement is optimized including making the levelized energy cost (LCoE)
Minimize.
25. optimizer according to claim 24, wherein, LCoE is determined using LCoE models, the model includes being directed to
The parameter of one or more of following item：
Capacity factor measure, its indicate the energy that is generated within a period of time divided by the turbine within described a period of time with volume
Determine the energy that can be generated in the case of power continuous operation；
Availability, it indicates the turbine by the time available for generation electric power；And
Field efficiency, it indicates the energy generated within a period of time divided by not done completely by upstream turbine in the turbine
The energy that can be generated in the case of being operated in the wind disturbed.
26. optimizer according to claim 25, wherein, the model is also included for one or more of following item
Parameter：
The cost associated with changing one or more parts, including the labour of turbine downtime, part replacement and set
Manufacture that is standby, changing part or trimming cost and by part that is trimmed or changing transport the transport in the power plant into
This；And
The cost of serving associated with the replacing of wearing part.
27. a kind of controller, including the optimizer according to any one of claim 20 to 26.
28. a kind of wind turbine, including controller according to claim 27.
29. a kind of wind power plant, including controller according to claim 27.
30. a kind of generate the method arranged for the control of the wind power plant including multiple wind turbines, the control peace
How row elapses and change for each wind turbine instruction maximum power level over time, and methods described includes：
Wind turbine site and/or operation data based on measurement determine to indicate each of described turbine or the whirlpool
The value of the current residual fatigue life of one or more parts of each of turbine；
Optimizing application function, the optimization function is by changing energy capture and by each of described turbine or the whirlpool
It is compromise until determining through excellent between the fatigue life that one or more of turbine components of each of turbine are consumed
Untill the control of change arranges, to change the initial control arrangement of each of the turbine to determine that optimized control is pacified
Row, the optimization include：
Program is checked using website, is estimated based on the control arrangement after the current residual fatigue life and change by the whirlpool
It is the following fatigue life consumed in the duration that the control of turbine or turbine components after the change arranges, described
Website check program based on the data obtained from wind power plant's sensor and with the wind power plant and the wind-force whirlpool
Turbine designs relevant parameter to determine to act on the load of turbine components and include the turbine of the wind power plant
Between interaction；And
The optimization of arrangement is controlled according to one or more input constraint constraints；
Wherein, the optimization also includes the initial value for changing each of the wind turbine life-span and change will be in the arrangement
Course in the initial value of the number of part replacement that one or more parts of each of the wind turbine are performed,
To determine the number of the part replacement of one or more turbine components of each of the wind turbine and the wind-force
The combination of the target minimum wind force turbine life of each of turbine.
31. according to the method for claim 30, wherein, the initial control arrangement specifies described for each turbine
Turbine can be operated the relative change that the turbine maximum power level reached elapses over time.
32. the method according to claim 30 or 31, wherein, the sensing data include in the wind turbine or
The sensing data that wind power plant is gone into operation and/or construction is collected before.
33. the method according to any one of claim 30 to 32, wherein, the optimization function is directed to the turbine portion
One or more of part changes the number that can be changed in the residual life of the turbine to part.
34. according to the method for claim 33, wherein, the optimization function for one of described turbine components or
More persons make a change to that when can carry out replacing to the part during the residual life of the turbine.
35. the method according to any one of claim 30 to 34, wherein, methods described is further constrained, to cause
For any preset time section in the arrangement, when the power of all turbines is all added together, power it
With the amount no more than the power that can be carried in the connection from the power plant to power network.
36. a kind of power plant controller, it is configured as performing the method according to any one of claim 30 to 35.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201562186930P | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | |
| US62/186,930 | 2015-06-30 | ||
| DKPA201570559 | 2015-08-28 | ||
| DKPA201570559A DK201570559A1 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2015-08-28 | Methods and Systems for Generating Wind Turbine Control Schedules |
| PCT/DK2016/050203 WO2017000950A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-21 | Methods and systems for generating wind turbine control schedules |
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| CN107810323B CN107810323B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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| WO2017000963A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Methods and systems for generating wind turbine control schedules |
| CN107451822A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-12-08 | 广州安圣信息科技有限公司 | Product life cycle monitoring method and electronic equipment |
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| CN107810323B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
| WO2017000950A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
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