CN107810124B - 座椅调节器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种座椅调节器,包括制动器(16),所述制动器作用在固定部分(10)与可调节部分(12)之间,并且借助于所述制动器,所述可调节部分可闭锁在所述固定部分上的不同位置中,并且所述可调节部分可借助于释放元件(28)释放;调节元件(22),所述调节元件作用在所述释放元件上以在两个相反方向上选择性地调节所述可调节部分(12);以及锁定元件(14),所述锁定元件在所述调节元件(22)未致动时自动地将所述可调节部分接合并且互锁地锁定到所述固定部分(10)且在所述调节元件致动时自动地松开,其中所述锁定元件的所述松开和所述可调节部分的所述调节可通过使所述调节元件从所述两个方向中的一个方向上的中间位置移出来实现,其特征在于所述锁定元件(14)具有用于与耦合到所述可调节部分(12)的齿形环(46)啮合的齿形区段(48)且以使得所述锁定元件可在锁定位置与释放位置之间沿所述齿形环(46)的径向方向移动的方式引导在所述固定部分(10)上,在所述锁定位置中,所述锁定元件与所述齿形环啮合;在所述释放位置中,所述锁定元件移动远离所述齿形环。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种座椅调节器,其包括制动器,所述制动器作用在固定部分与可调节部分之间,且借助于所述制动器,所述可调节部分可闭锁在所述固定部分上的不同位置中,且所述可调节部分可借助于释放元件释放;调节元件,所述调节元件作用在所述释放元件上,以在两个相反方向上选择性地调节所述可调节部分;以及锁定元件,所述锁定元件在所述调节元件未致动时自动地将所述可调节部分接合并且互锁地锁定到所述固定部分,且在所述调节元件致动时自动地松开,其中所述锁定元件的松开和所述可调节部分的调节可通过使所述调节元件从所述两个方向中的一个方向上的中间位置移出来实现。
背景技术
EP 0 979 179 B2描述了这种类型的座椅调节器,所述座椅调节器可例如服务用于调节椅背的倾角或车辆座椅的高度调节。固定部分刚性地安装在车辆座椅或车辆车身上,而可调节部分影响车辆座椅的所期望的调节。调节元件具有可在两个相反方向上从中间位置枢转以便在一个方向或另一方向上调节座椅的杆。通过使用调节元件反复“泵送”,有可能在较大调节范围内逐步调节车辆座椅。当调节元件从中间位置移出时,制动器夹带可调节部分。当用户释放调节元件时,可调节部分被制动器锁定在那时所到达的位置中,而调节元件在复位弹簧的动作下返回到中间位置,以使得在必要时可执行另一调节冲程。
制动器优选地由所谓的自由轮制动器形成,其中可调节部分锁定在固定部分上是利用夹辊和相关的夹具轮廓来实现。这具有可能几乎连续调节且除了在棘轮机构的情况下(例如)外,很难产生干扰噪声的优点。然而,在可调节部分在更长时间段内经历持久作用的扭矩时,例如在座椅高度调节器的情况下,由于适当重量的车辆座椅或人的重量坐在其上,当车辆运动时发生的振动可导致在制动器的座圈处的夹辊的渐进滚降,且以此导致车辆座椅的非所需渐进调节。在已知座椅调节器中,这种影响通过使用互锁接合将可调节部分额外锁定在固定部分上来避免。
在已知座椅调节器中,锁定元件由可枢转棘爪形成,所述可枢转棘爪在锁定位置中接合刚性耦合到可调节部分的齿轮环且在调节操作的初始阶段中向锁定位置外倾斜。由于这种建构,锁定元件可仅耐受有限的扭矩。
出于安全原因,必须设计车辆的座椅调节器以使得其即使在事故的情况下也将座椅安全地固持在调节位置中,由于在冲击中产生的惯性力,因而极高的扭矩作用在座椅调节器上。出于此原因,设计已知座椅调节器的自由轮制动器以使得可调节部分即使在极高扭矩的情况下也安全地锁定在固定部分上。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供具有更紧密设计且可产生较低成本的上述类型的座椅调节器。
根据本发明,这个目标通过以下特征来实现:锁定元件具有用于与耦合到可调节部分的齿形环啮合的齿形区段且以使得锁定元件可在锁定位置与释放位置之间的齿形环的径向方向上移动的方式引导在固定部分上,在所述锁定位置中,所述锁定元件与所述齿形环啮合在所述释放位置中,所述锁定元件移动远离所述齿形环。
因此,根据本发明,锁定元件以使得其执行线性平移运动的方式引导在固定部分上,通过所述线性平移运动,使所述齿形区段与齿形环接合和分离。齿形区段可在齿形环的相对较大的外周角上延伸,以使得高扭矩可传输到所述齿形区段上。由此转移到锁定元件上的力在横向于调节方向的方向上作用且由于线性引导可直接地吸附在固定部分中。以此方式,可通过机械互锁来达到必要的撞击安全,以使得具有夹辊的制动器(例如)需要仅暂时地(即在调节元件返回移动到中间位置中期间)固持可调节部分。因此,制动器需要设计成仅用于显著较低的扭矩,这准许紧密的设计和低成本材料的使用和/或夹辊数量的减少。以此方式,制造成本减小,且可同时以此实现座椅调节器的更紧密设计。
在附属权利要求中指示了本发明的有用细节和进一步发展。
在有利实施例中,齿形环形成于释放部件处,所述释放部件可仅在极有限角度范围内相对于可调节部分移动。因此,可调节部分的形状相称的锁定还通过释放元件的形状相称的锁定来实现。
释放元件的齿形环还可以用于例如经由仅在调节部件移动远离中间位置期间接合所述齿形环的另一齿形区段(而其在调节部件的返回移动期间从齿形环释放)在释放部件与调节部件之间提供可释放耦合,以使得调节元件可平滑地返回到中间位置中且具有较低噪声产生。
附图说明
现将结合附图解释实施例实例,其中:
图1是座椅调节器的分解视图,其中各种组件分别以轴向截面展示;
图2是根据图1的座椅调节器中的夹辊式自由轮制动器的横截面;
图3以轴向截面和以组装状态展示自由轮制动器的组件;
图4是锁定元件和底板的平面视图以及中间位置中的调节部件的部分的截面视图;
图5是与图4相对应的图形展示,其中调节元件旋转出中间位置;
图6和图7是锁定元件与齿形环的齿状接合的放大的细节视图;
图8是在组装状态中的座椅调节器的部分的轴向截面;
图9是复位杆和滑块连同调节元件的部分的部分截面平面视图;
图10和图11是类似于图8和图9的图形展示,其中调节元件移出中间位置;
图12以仰视图展示座椅调节器的复位杆、滑块和盖板;且
图13以仰视图展示调节元件和盖板。
具体实施方式
图1中展示的座椅调节器具有作为固定部分的由冲压金属组成的底板10,和作为可调节部分的可围绕轴线A旋转的小齿轮12。座椅调节器的其它主要组件是由塑料组成的锁定元件14、制动器16、具有滑块20的复位杆18、调节元件22和盖板24,所述盖板连同底板10一起形成容纳其它组件的基本闭合的壳体。
制动器16是具有金属的外环26、由塑料组成的释放元件28和接合外环26的内部外周表面的三对夹辊30的夹辊式自由轮制动器。夹辊30的内圈32由小齿轮12的部分的外部外周表面形成。
如图2中所展示,内圈32和外环26的内部***表面形成容纳夹辊30的间隙。释放元件28形成三个卡爪34,所述三个卡爪以所述对夹辊30之间的对应间隔接合在这个间隙中。弹性部件36分别排列在每一对夹辊30之间以推动这些夹辊分开。
内圈32并不是理想圆柱形但形成夹具轮廓,所述夹具轮廓被设计以使得夹辊的间隙在从各个夹辊朝向相邻卡爪34的方向上变得更窄。
如图3中所展示,外环26借助于螺栓38非旋转地固持在底板10上。靠近内圈32的小齿轮12的部分收容在释放元件28的孔隙中且具有分布在其外周上的第三凹槽40。释放部件28的孔隙的内表面形成有以游隙接合在第三凹槽40中的凸起肋42,以使得小齿轮12可相对于释放部件28以小角度旋转。
因此,当扭矩以两个旋转方向中的一个方向作用在小齿轮12上时,所述小齿轮具有相对于释放元件28旋转的趋势,其中夹辊30沿外环滑动。然而,在这种情况下,每一对夹辊30中的一个将更深地进入到间隙的窄化部分中且引起在外环26与内圈32之间的夹紧动作,从而小齿轮12相对于非旋转外环26是闭锁的。
相比之下,当释放元件28旋转时,卡爪34分别将相邻夹辊30中的一个推向将弹性弯曲的弹性部件36,从而将夹辊推动到间隙的加宽部分中且防止闭锁。同时,接合在第三凹槽40中的肋42夹带小齿轮12以使得释放元件28与小齿轮12一起旋转。一旦释放元件28再次从扭矩释放,夹辊30就再次被弹性部件36推动到夹持位置中,且小齿轮将再次闭锁在随后已到达的位置中。
如图1中所展示,释放元件28在跨越外环26的部分上具有形成于释放元件的整个外周上的齿形环46。锁定元件14具有可引入与齿形环46的外周部分接合的齿形区段48。锁定元件14具有引导用于在底板10的凸起50之间滑动移动的平板的大体形状。如图4中所展示,锁定元件几乎不需要游隙引导,且设计冲压出底板10的凸起50以使得在垂直于滑动移动的方向的方向上实现在底板10与锁定元件14之间拟合的稳定形式。
弹簧52收容在锁定元件14的凹座54中,且一方面支撑在这个凹座54的壁处,且另一方面支撑在从底板10弯曲的凸耳56处,以使得锁定元件14向右偏置(在图1和图4中)到齿形区段48与齿形环46接合的位置中。
在图1和图4中的右端处,锁定元件14的边缘形成具有梯形轮廓的第一凹槽58。调节元件22在图1中的右端处具有朝下凸起的凸轮60,所述凸轮具有与第一凹槽58互补的梯形轮廓且接合在展示于图4中的中间位置中的这个第一凹槽中。然而,当调节元件22旋转出中间位置(例如旋转到展示于图5中的位置中)时,凸轮60运行到第一凹槽58的侧翼上且进而致使锁定元件14克服弹簧52的力而向左移位,以使得齿形区段48释放齿形环46。在两侧上均靠近第一凹槽58的锁定元件14的边缘沿着以轴线A为中心的圆弧延伸,所述轴线A还形成调节元件22的旋转轴。因此,凸轮60一旦已经离开第一凹槽58,就将锁定元件14固持在齿形区段48远离齿形环46的位置中。
图6展示在与齿形环46啮合的位置中的齿形区段48。图7展示在远离齿形环46的位置中的齿形区段48。为了使得齿形区段48能够与齿形环46接合和分离,齿形环46的齿状物46a不得在锁定元件的滑动移位的方向X上形成底切。在所展示的实例中,因为在图7中的齿形区段48的上端和下端处的齿状物46a的侧翼平行于移位的方向,所以满足这个条件。齿状物46的侧翼越浅,则齿形环46的外周角度范围越大,齿形区段48可在所述齿形环上延伸而不违反上述条件。然而,齿状物的侧翼在任何情况下应如此陡峭以至于在齿形环46的齿状物与齿形区段48之间实现自锁定动作,以使得在扭矩作用在齿形环46上时,齿形区段将不被推动出接合位置。
如图1中所展示,引导在复位杆18上的滑块20还具有可引入与释放元件28的齿形环46接合的齿形区段62。弹簧64支撑在释放杆18处且使滑块20偏向到的齿形区段62远离齿形环46的位置中。在最外端处,在图1中右侧上,滑块20具有第二凹槽66(具有梯形轮廓),所述第二凹槽还与凸轮60互补但具有比锁定元件14的第一凹槽58更大的深度。
图8展示释放元件28、具有滑块20的复位杆18、调节元件22和处在组装状态中的盖板24。滑块20在此处已展示在其齿形区段释放释放元件28的齿形环且调节元件22的凸轮60拟合在滑块的第二凹槽66中的位置中。
调节元件22受支撑以用于在小齿轮12(图1)的圆柱形延伸部68上旋转,所述小齿轮还接合在提供于调节元件22与盖板24之间的轴承环70中。以120°的角度间隔布置的调节元件22的三个安装臂72穿过盖板24的顶壁中的弧形槽且进而准许将致动杆(尚未展示)附接在盖板24的外部上。
图9部分地以截面且部分地以俯视平面图展示复位杆18和滑块20以及以横截面展示凸轮60,且展示与图8相同的条件。复位杆18可在形成于释放元件28处的轮毂上旋转且可围绕轴线A独立于调节元件22旋转。
轴承环70压合在小齿轮的延伸部68上且具有略微地圆锥形状,以使得其以盘簧的方式挤压在调节元件22上且同时小齿轮12的环管73拉向底板10(图1)的凸台10a的下边缘。以此方式,由小齿轮穿透的组件固持在一起,且另外,如图8所展示,调节元件22偏向释放元件28的顶部端面。
当调节元件22旋转出图8和图9中所展示的中间位置时,其将扭矩施加在释放元件上,由于摩擦接触,且同时凸轮60在滑块20的第二凹槽66的侧翼上运行,由此滑块20相对于弹簧64的力朝内移位到展示于图10和图11中的位置中。随后,滑块的齿形区段62与齿形环46接合。当调节元件22的旋转持续时,由滑块20和复位杆18所形成的单元由凸轮60夹带,且经由齿形区段62和齿形环46将旋转移动传输到释放元件28上。
滑块20的第二凹槽66和锁定元件14的第一凹槽58如此标定尺寸,以至于在具有凸轮60的调节元件22移动远离中间位置,且进而建立齿形区段64与齿形环46之间的接合,和因此到释放元件28的驱动连接时,锁定元件14同时移位到解锁位置中。齿形区段62的齿状物进入与齿形环46的齿状物接合的移动阶段可在时间上重叠,或与锁定元件14的齿形区段48的齿状物从齿形环46释放的阶段一致。随后,在调节元件22的旋转移动的进一步过程中,释放元件28引起制动器16的释放和小齿轮12的调节。
弹簧52对于锁定元件14的弹簧力优选地标定尺寸以使得在枢转移动的初始阶段中,当凸轮60解锁锁定元件14时,用户感觉到近似地高达稍后在适当调节过程期间的阻力。
由于上述建构,可实现:用户在他或她将调节元件22移出中间位置以便引发对小齿轮的调节移动时确实几乎不经历任何死冲程或游隙。
图12展示凸轮60、滑块20和处在旋转位置中的复位杆18。图12以仰视图进一步展示盖板24,且可见这个盖板形成以围绕轴线A的圆弧形式延伸并且容纳弹簧76(螺旋压缩弹簧)的弹簧通道24,所述弹簧遵循通道的延伸。盖板24形成使弹簧通道74定界在其横截面的部分上的端部的径向壁78。
复位杆18还形成弹簧76的两个径向凸起的支撑件80。这些支撑件中的每一个具有接合在弹簧76的相应端中的弯曲凸耳82。当复位杆18处在中间位置时,支撑件80与盖板的径向壁78齐平,以使得弹簧76的每一端通常由壁78中的一个和支撑件80中的一个支撑。然而,当复位杆18以图12中展示的方式旋转时,弹簧的一个端(图12中的顶端)支撑在盖板的壁78处,而另一端支撑在复位杆的支撑件80处,以使得弹簧76压缩。
当现在致动杆释放且因此没有扭矩作用在调节元件22上时,弹簧64的力致使滑块20再次延伸以使得齿形区段62与齿形环76之间的接合松开。在此过程中,调节元件22相对与复位杆18略微地旋转,直到凸轮60再次以第二凹槽66为中心。现在,复位杆18经受弹簧76的力且进而与滑块20一起旋转到中间位置中,由此调节元件22也返回到中间位置中,而小齿轮12由制动器16固持在其已达到的位置中。
一旦调节元件22已经返回到中间位置中,凸轮60就可再次收容在锁定元件的第一凹槽58中,且弹簧52确保锁定元件14自动返回到锁定位置中。归功于齿状物46a的三角形形状,几乎不存在齿对齿的位置,这将调和齿状物的接合的重新建立。然而,在最后,当(由于轻微振动或由于夹辊的滚降)释放元件28与锁定元件14之间发生微量旋转时建立接合。
当已到达中间位置或任选地即使在更早的时间时,小齿轮12可沿所希望的方向通过使调节元件22再次旋转而旋转另一步长。
图13以仰视图展示调节元件22和盖板24。已经以虚线展示盖板24的隐藏轮廓,所述轮廓定界盖板的顶部壁中的凹座,这准许安装臂的旋转移动和安装臂在组装过程中穿过盖板的顶部壁的馈通。在盖板的外周壁的下边缘处,盖板具有接合底板10(图1)的相应***开口86的凸起84。螺旋柱或类似物(尚未展示)准许将盖板24牢固地附接到底板10。底板10可安装在座椅框架或车辆车身的部分处的合适位置中,以使得小齿轮12与调节车辆座椅的输入齿轮或传输齿条(未展示)啮合。
Claims (6)
1.一种座椅调节器,其包括制动器(16),所述制动器作用在固定部分(10)与可调节部分(12)之间,且借助于所述制动器,所述可调节部分可闭锁在所述固定部分上的不同位置中,且所述可调节部分可借助于释放元件(28)释放;调节元件(22),所述调节元件作用在所述释放元件上,以在两个相反方向上选择性地调节所述可调节部分(12);以及锁定元件(14),所述锁定元件在所述调节元件(22)未致动时自动地将所述可调节部分接合且互锁地锁定到所述固定部分(10)且在所述调节元件致动时自动地松开,其中所述锁定元件的所述松开和所述可调节部分的所述调节可通过使所述调节元件从所述两个方向中的一个方向上的中间位置移出来实现,其特征在于所述锁定元件(14)具有用于与耦合到所述可调节部分(12)的齿形环(46)啮合的齿形区段(48)且以使得所述锁定元件可在锁定位置与释放位置之间沿所述齿形环(46)的径向方向移动的方式引导在所述固定部分(10)上,在所述锁定位置中,所述锁定元件与所述齿形环啮合;在所述释放位置中,所述锁定元件移动远离所述齿形环,所述制动器(16)是夹辊式自由轮制动器,其中所述释放元件(28)形成所述齿形环(46)并与所述可调节部分(12)接合,以使得所述释放元件(28)和所述可调节部分(12)的相对旋转仅在有限游隙内是可能的,并且所述调节元件(22)具备可径向移动的滑块(20),可径向移动的所述滑块具有用于与所述齿形环(46)接合的另一齿形区段(62)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的座椅调节器,其中所述调节元件(22)和所述锁定元件(14)具有将所述调节元件(22)离开所述中间位置的旋转运动转换成所述锁定元件(14)移动进入所述释放位置中的互补凸轮(60)和第一凹槽(58)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的座椅调节器,其中所述锁定元件(14)弹性地偏置到所述锁定位置中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的座椅调节器,其中所述调节元件(22)和所述滑块(20)经由互补凸轮(60)和第二凹槽(66)而彼此接合,以使得从所述调节元件(22)转移到所述滑块上的扭矩引起所述滑块(20)的径向运动以建立与所述齿形环(46)的所述接合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的座椅调节器,其中所述滑块(20)引导在复位杆(18)上,所述复位杆可独立于所述调节元件(22)围绕相同的旋转轴线(A)旋转且弹性地偏置到所述中间位置中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的座椅调节器,其中所述调节元件(22)沿所述齿形环(76)的轴向方向弹性地偏置到与所述释放元件(28)摩擦接合的位置中。
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