CN107805500B - Soil conditioner for preventing and treating soil hardening and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for preventing and treating soil hardening and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107805500B CN107805500B CN201711039699.2A CN201711039699A CN107805500B CN 107805500 B CN107805500 B CN 107805500B CN 201711039699 A CN201711039699 A CN 201711039699A CN 107805500 B CN107805500 B CN 107805500B
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner for preventing and treating soil hardening and application thereof, wherein the soil conditioner comprises a main material (salt algae peel particles) and an auxiliary material (soil aggregate accelerant) according to a mass ratio of 100: 0.5-1. Wherein the main ingredient is salt algae skin granules prepared from salt pan leftovers, namely salt algae skin, by drying in the sun, crushing and sieving (with the aperture of 2 mm); the auxiliary material component is high molecular polymer- - -polyacrylamide (with the grain diameter of 2 mm) which can promote the formation of the soil aggregate structure. The application method is that the fertilizer is applied together with base fertilizer in combination with field soil preparation before crop planting, and the dosage per mu is 500-1000 kilograms. The soil conditioner of the invention can not only obviously promote the growth of crop roots and increase crop yield, but also obviously reduce the volume weight of soil and increase the porosity of soil, the cation exchange capacity and the proportion of large aggregates in soil, thereby effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of farmland soil and having obvious effect on preventing and treating the hardening of farmland soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for preventing and treating soil hardening and application thereof.
Background
The soil hardening refers to the phenomenon that the surface soil layer is poor in structure due to lack of organic matters, the structure is damaged and the soil is dispersed under the action of irrigation, rainfall and other external factors, and the surface soil is hardened under the action of cohesive force after drying. The main reasons for soil hardening in farmland are: (1) the farmland soil texture is too viscous, and the cultivated layer is shallow; (2) the application of the organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient, and the organic matter content of the soil is low; (3) fertilizer is applied in excess and unbalanced; (4) agricultural machinery is used for tillage and suppression; (5) excessive residues of plastic products; (6) water and soil loss; (7) accumulation of harmful substances. The main hazards caused by soil hardening of the farmland are as follows: (1) leading to poor growth of crop roots; (2) leading to the occurrence of nutrient deficiency of crop plants and reducing the yield and quality of agricultural products.
According to field positioning tests and investigation of the soil fertilizer research institute of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences in China in recent years, unreasonable cultivation, excessive planting, large input of agricultural chemicals and aging of ditch facilities widely existing in each main agricultural area of China already cause the common plough layer of farmland soil to be thinned, the nutrient imbalance is serious, the soil is hardened, the soil biological character is degraded, the soil acidification, the subculture and the salinization are increased, the drought prevention and waterlogging drainage capability is poor, and the basic soil fertility of the cultivated land is continuously reduced. Particularly, in the farmland in the red and yellow soil region in south China, because the crop multiple cropping index is high, the fertilizer is excessively applied for a long time, the organic fertilizer is not sufficiently input, and the phenomena of soil acidification and soil hardening of the farmland are more serious.
Due to air pollution, excessive fertilization and heavy use and light culture, the farmland pollution is aggravated, the soil acidification is hardened, the activity is reduced, the soil regulation is not easy, and the farmland restoration is urgent. The traditional soil conditioner, namely lime, calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, has the defects of single function and great side effect, and although the soil acidity is adjusted, insoluble substances such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate and the like are formed, so that the soil hardening is accelerated, and the soil is inactivated.
Foreign research on artificially synthesized soil conditioners began in the 50's of the 20 th century. The results of the soil conditioner Krilium study were published by Bear in 1951. In the 70's of the 20 th century, De Boodt (1972) and Stewart (1975) began to study soil conditioners based on macromolecular polymers, but these conditioners could not be widely used due to their large usage, high cost and unstable effect. In the 80's of the 20 th century, the research into soil conditioners has progressed greatly, with the conditioning being most successful in Belgium and India. After the 90's of the 20 th century, water-soluble polymers were again valued for their water and soil conservation value, and the use of anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) in rain-fed agriculture is currently being investigated in the united states.
In the middle of the 80's of the 20 th century, the soil conditioner in Belgium was introduced in China, but the soil conditioner cannot be popularized and applied in China due to high cost. In the 90 s of the 20 th century, other foreign novel soil conditioners were introduced to China in succession, and a great deal of research on the effects, components and the like of conditioners mainly using PAM was carried out, and conditioners such as soil surface liquid films and the like were developed (Huangpeng, 2001; Yexin and the like, 2012). After 2000 years, some biotechnology companies began to independently research and develop soil conditioners, put them on the market, and popularized and applied them in production, such as deep ploughing-free soil conditioners, microbial humic acid soil conditioners, charles blue soil conditioners, four-season happy agricultural soil conditioners, and the like. However, the existing soil conditioner products all have one or more defects of high price, large limitation of use areas, unstable effect and the like.
The main raw material selected by the invention is the residual waste-salt algae peel in the coastal salt pan salt manufacturing industry. The salt algae skin refers to a layer of algae substances grown on the surface of a salt pan in a coastal salt solarization field in the period of closing seawater to solarize salt after absorbing moisture, and the layer of algae substances are skinned and cracked on the surface soil of the salt pan along with the drying of the seawater, and are scraped off by a tool manually and transported out of the salt pan. These were scraped out of the brine pan and discarded as brine algal rind. Because the area of the coastal salt pan is very large, the produced salt algae skin has very rich raw material sources and very low price, if the salt algae skin can not be effectively utilized, the harm of land occupation, environmental pollution and the like caused by the accumulation of a large amount of salt algae skin around the salt pan for a long time can be caused. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of changing waste into valuable and turning harm into good. In addition, according to the sampling detection result, the pH value of the dunaliella salina peel is as high as 8.7, and the dunaliella salina peel can be used as an acid-base neutralization conditioner for acid soil in the south; the fertilizer contains 18% of organic matter, 0.49% of total nitrogen, 0.18% of total phosphorus and 1.18% of total potassium, and also contains higher nutrient elements necessary for the growth of crops such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc and the like, and also contains organic nutrients such as grease, beta-carotene, protein, polysaccharide and the like, so that the fertilizer can provide necessary organic matter components for farmland soil and necessary nutrient elements for the growth of crops. The auxiliary material of the invention selects Polyacrylamide (PAM) as the accelerant for the generation of the soil aggregate structure, is a linear organic high molecular polymer, has good flocculation property, adhesion and thickening property, can effectively promote the generation of the soil large aggregate particles, and has good effects of water retention, fertilizer retention, soil fixation and the like. Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method and a use method of a soil conditioner product with the effects of low price, simple and convenient use, soil fertility improvement, water and fertilizer retention, acid regulation and viscosity control and the like, and aims at the main cultivation obstacle problems of' acid (acidification), lean (barren), sticky (adhesion), shallow (shallow plough layer) and the like commonly existing in farmland soil of red and yellow soil regions in south China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for preventing and treating soil hardening and application thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art. The soil conditioner of the invention not only can obviously promote the growth of crop roots and increase the crop yield, but also can obviously reduce the soil volume weight and increase the soil porosity, the cation exchange capacity and the proportion of large aggregates in the soil, thereby effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of the farmland soil and having obvious effect on preventing and treating the farmland soil hardening.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
a soil conditioner for preventing soil hardening: consists of salt algae peel particles and a soil aggregate accelerant.
Further, the mass ratio of the dunaliella salina skin particles to the soil aggregate accelerant is 100: 0.5-1, and the two are uniformly mixed to obtain the soil conditioner.
Further, the preparation method of the salt algae skin particles comprises the following steps: the salt algae skin which is leftover from salt pan production is dried in the sun, crushed and sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 2mm to prepare the salt algae skin particles.
Further, the soil aggregate accelerator is polyacrylamide.
Preferably, the conditioning agent of the present invention acts by: farmland soil in southern red and yellow soil regions.
The application of the soil conditioner for preventing and controlling soil hardening comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that field soil preparation and base fertilizer are combined to be applied together before crop planting, so that the applied saline algae peel soil conditioner and soil particles of a farmland plough layer are fully and uniformly mixed, and the dosage per mu is 500-1000 kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the main material of the invention is the waste material-salt algae peel left after salt preparation in the salt pan, on one hand, the problems of land occupation, environmental pollution and the like caused by accumulation of a large amount of waste salt algae peel around the salt pan are solved; on the other hand, the problems of acidification, hardening degradation and the like of soil of farmland in south are solved, the yield and the quality of crops are improved, and obvious ecological, economic and social benefits are achieved;
(2) the invention fully and uniformly mixes the dunaliella salina peel particles and the polyacrylamide according to certain weight components, and combines field soil preparation and base fertilizer application together before crop planting, thereby not only obviously promoting the growth of crop root systems and increasing the crop yield, but also obviously reducing the soil volume weight, and increasing the soil porosity, the cation exchange capacity and the proportion of soil macro-aggregates, thereby effectively improving the physicochemical properties of farmland soil and having obvious effect on preventing and treating farmland soil hardening; test results show that on the basis of single fertilizer application, 500-1000 kg of conditioner is additionally applied to each mu, the biological yield of root systems and stems and leaves of water spinach can be respectively improved by 8.08-14.99% and 14.05-24.15%, the volume weight of soil after vegetables are harvested is reduced by 8.84-11.49%, the porosity of the soil is increased by 4.69-6.59%, the cation exchange capacity is increased by 2.10-4.89%, the content of large aggregates in the soil is 6.60-11.84%, and the effects of increasing yield and income of vegetable crops and preventing and controlling soil hardening are obvious;
(3) the invention provides a soil conditioner product with the effects of low price, simple and convenient use, soil fertility improvement, water and fertilizer retention, acid regulation and viscosity control and the like, and aims to solve the main farming obstacles of acid (acidification), lean (barren), sticky (adhesion), shallow (shallow plough layer) and the like commonly existing in farmland soil in red and yellow soil areas in south China.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
And (3) experimental design:
the test is arranged in a simulation net room potted by soil fertilizer institute of rural institute of Fujian province. The soil culture pot experiment method is adopted, the soil type to be tested is yellow muddy field paddy soil, and the soil fertility is moderate. The specification of the plastic pot to be tested is as follows: the inner upper diameter is 21.5 cm, the inner lower diameter is 14.5 cm, the height is 17.0 cm, and each pot is filled with 0.4 kg of air-dried soil sample (sieved by a 0.5 cm sieve). The experiment designed 5 treatments, namely:
1) no fertilizer (CK)1）；
2) Single application of fertilizer (CK)2Applying pure N12 kg per mu; p2O54.8 kg；K2O6.0 kg, same below)
Namely, the method comprises the following steps: 9.6 kg/mu of monoammonium phosphate, 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride and 24 kg/mu of urea;
3) fertilizer and low-amount dunaliella salina peel conditioner
The dosage of the fertilizer (same as above) and the dosage of the dunaliella conditioner product is 500 kg/mu;
4) fertilizer and medium-amount dunaliella salina peel conditioner
The dosage of the fertilizer (same as above) and the dosage of the dunaliella conditioner product is 750 kg/mu;
5) fertilizer and high-quantity algae peel conditioner
The dosage of the fertilizer (same as above) and the dosage of the dunaliella conditioner product is 1000 kg/mu;
each treatment was repeated 4 times. The variety of the tested crop is water spinach (Thailand Shuangjia brand), and the water spinach is sown in 2017 in 5 and 10 months and harvested in 8 and 3 days. The varieties of the fertilizer to be tested are as follows: urea (containing N46%), monoammonium phosphate (containing N10%, containing P)2O550 percent of potassium chloride (containing K)2O60%); the sample of the tested dunaliella salina skin is collected from a Putian salt field in Fujian province and is the leftover for producing edible salt; the tested Polyacrylamide (PAM) is produced and provided by a chemical industry of Nippon province and Nippon city. The salified algae peel soil conditioner product prepared by the method comprises the following components in percentage by mass: saline algae hull particle polyacrylamide =100: 0.8. The uniformity and the uniformity of all the fertilizers and the soil conditioners are uniformly mixed with the soil and are potted to be used as base fertilizers for application. Except that the fertilizers and soil conditioners applied according to the experimental design are different, other daily management is completely consistent.
And (3) test results:
the test results (table 1) show that: on the basis of single fertilizer application, the additional application of different dosages of the saline algae peel soil conditioner (500-1000 kg/mu) can promote the biological yield of root systems, stems and leaves of water spinach to a certain extent, and the improvement ranges are 8.08% -14.99% and 14.05% -24.15% respectively. Wherein, the yield increasing effect of 750 kg/mu of the saline algae peel conditioner applied to each mu is relatively optimal. The biological yield of the root system and the stem leaves of the water spinach is obviously reduced without fertilization treatment.
The test results (table 2) show that: on the basis of single fertilizer application, the addition of different dosages of the saline algae peel soil conditioner (500-1000 kg/mu) can reduce the volume weight of the soil after the vegetables are harvested to a certain extent, and the reduction range is 8.84% -11.49%; meanwhile, the porosity and the cation exchange capacity of the soil are increased by 4.69-6.59% and 2.10-4.89%. Wherein, 750 kg/mu of the saline algae peel conditioner is applied to each mu of the soil, so that the effects of reducing the volume weight of the soil and increasing the porosity of the soil are relatively optimal; the effect of improving the cation exchange capacity of the soil is relatively optimal. The influence of the non-fertilization treatment on the volume weight, the porosity and the cation exchange capacity of the soil after the water spinach is harvested is not obvious.
The test results (table 3) show that: on the basis of single fertilizer application, the saline algae bark soil conditioner (500-1000 kg/mu) with different dosage is additionally applied, so that the proportion of large aggregates in the soil after the vegetables are harvested can be improved to a certain extent, and the improvement range is 6.60-11.84%; the proportion of the micro-aggregates is reduced, and the reduction range is 13.21% -23.72%. Wherein, the application of 1000 kg of the brine alga skin conditioner per mu has relatively best effect on improving the ratio of soil macro-aggregates.
In conclusion, on the basis of single fertilizer application, 500-1000 kg of the product disclosed by the invention is applied to each mu, the biological yield of root systems and stem leaves of water spinach can be respectively increased by 8.08-14.99% and 14.05-24.15%, the volume weight of soil after vegetables are harvested is reduced by 8.84-11.49%, the porosity of the soil is increased by 4.69-6.59%, the cation exchange capacity is increased by 2.10-4.89%, the content of large aggregates in the soil is 6.60-11.84%, and the effects of increasing yield and income of vegetable crops and preventing and controlling soil hardening are obvious.
Example 2
A soil conditioner for preventing soil hardening: is prepared by mixing dunaliella salina skin particles and a soil aggregate accelerator according to the mass ratio of 100: 0.5.
Example 3
A soil conditioner for preventing soil hardening: is prepared by mixing dunaliella salina skin particles and a soil aggregate accelerator according to the mass ratio of 100: 1.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A soil conditioner for preventing and treating soil hardening is characterized in that: the soil aggregate accelerator consists of salt algae peel particles and a soil aggregate accelerator, wherein the mass ratio of the salt algae peel particles to the soil aggregate accelerator is 100: 0.5-1;
the preparation method of the salt algae skin particles comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) drying, crushing and sieving brine alga skin which is leftovers produced in a salt pan by a sieve with the aperture of 2mm to prepare brine alga skin particles;
the soil aggregate accelerant is polyacrylamide;
the soil is acid soil of farmland in southern red and yellow soil regions.
2. Use of a soil conditioner according to claim 1 for controlling soil hardening, characterized in that: the conditioner is applied together with a base fertilizer before crop planting in combination with field soil preparation, and the dosage per mu is 500-1000 kg.
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| CN106748425B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2020-10-02 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Conditioner for promoting selenium activation in selenium-containing paddy soil |
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