CN107805066A - The processing method of bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering - Google Patents
The processing method of bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN107805066A CN107805066A CN201711115190.1A CN201711115190A CN107805066A CN 107805066 A CN107805066 A CN 107805066A CN 201711115190 A CN201711115190 A CN 201711115190A CN 107805066 A CN107805066 A CN 107805066A
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- sintering
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
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- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering, include three dimensional design, three-dimensional data processing, prepared by ceramic raw material, laser sintered and part post-processes, wherein when prepared by ceramic raw material, ceramic powder stock is first carried out to pre-sintering in the environment less than nominal sintering temperatures, then ceramic powders are crushed and sieved；During selective laser sintering, powdering scraper and printing substrate are phase same material with above-mentioned ceramic powder stock；Every layer first carries out multiplicating scanning with low linear energy density laser, then carries out fine and close remelting with high linear energy density laser, is finally successively superposed to the molding part of part.The dosage of printed material can be greatly reduced in the present invention, and substantially shortens the Production Time of bioceramic part, it is entirely avoided the chemical impurity pollution being likely to occur in forming process.
Description
Technical field
Concretely it is the processing of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering the present invention relates to the method for 3D printing
Method.
Background technology
The appearance of 3D printing (increasing material manufacturing) changes conventionally manufactured pattern, is the important production in technological revolution development process
Thing, it using dispersed material successively accumulation principle, can be molded traditional manufacturing technology by Reconstruction Design three-dimensional digitalization model
The complex-shaped part such as free form surface, hollow structure and the loose structure that can not be molded, there is short molding cycle, manufacture efficiency
It is high, save the advantages that material, allow whole manufacturing process be truly realized intelligent, digitlization, the demouldingization modern high technology into
Type mode.SLS (selective laser sintering) is the 3D printing technique being most widely used at present, and it is that one kind is swept based on fast laser
Retouch AM (increasing material manufacturing) technology of sintered powder material, collection laser technology, digital intellectualization control technology, CAD
Analytical technology, rapid shaping can directly manufacture the high parts of dense structure, good mechanical properties, precision in one.Swash at present
Light constituency agglomerated material mainly includes high polymer material, metal material, inorganic non-metallic material and food material etc..
Ceramics are a kind of traditional inorganic material, but are an emerging material for 3D printing field.Pass
The ceramic implement of system is that primary raw material passes through crushing mixing, shaping using natural clay and various natural minerals, in special kiln
High temperature is fired and formed.Bioceramic material is developed so far since 18 beginnings of the century, continued to bring out as biomedical material
Go out various new materials, its application is also progressively expanding, and now can be applied to artificial bone, joint prosthesis, artificial dental root, bone and fills
Filling chock material, bone displacement material, synosteosis material, apply also for artificial heart valve, artificial tendon, artificial blood vessel, artificial gas
Pipe, percutaneous lead can be applied to internal medical monitoring etc..In medical field, ceramics have good biocompatibility, biology can
Degradability, osteoinductive and excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, they can be inhaled in physiological environment by little by little degraded
Receive, and substituted therewith by cambium, the purpose for being damaged tissue is repaired or replace so as to reach.Especially, its unique aesthetics
Performance is that metal material and other high polymer materials are incomparable, therefore, such as zirconium oxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3)、
The bioceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAP), restoration of tooth, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and clinical bone group in oral cavity
Knit and be widely used in replacement.
Ceramic 3D printing is a kind of new Precision Manufacturing Technology, and it combines Computerized three-dimensional modeling and set with area of computer aided
Meter, can rapid shaping be with it is personalized, complicate, high-precision ceramic part, have that process is simple, fabrication cycle is short, material
Expect the advantages that utilization rate is high.When carrying out 3D laser printing to ceramic material by selective laser sintering, three-dimensional is generally included and has set
Meter, three-dimensional data processing, ceramic raw material preparation, laser sintered, part post-treating and other steps.It is typically wherein in three dimensional design
The iconography data that need to be printed first are obtained, CAD software is reused and designs the three-dimensional configuration for meeting demand.Then in three-dimensional data
Data processing is carried out to STL data derived from three dimensional design in processing, the data of ceramic 3D printing shaping is obtained, normally comprises
The steps such as data inspection and reparation, position are put, support is added and is cut into slices.Then through including scanning strategy planning and Laser Processing
Parameter setting it is laser sintered after, the post processing such as thermal stress removal is carried out to printout, completes whole printing process.
Such as French 3D Ceram of ceramic 3D printing company more well-known at present and the Lithoz companies of Austria, it is
Ceramic printing is carried out using SLA (Stereo Lithography technology), after laser solidifies according to specific route to ceramic paste material, by table
The processes such as face cleaning, degreasing, high temperature sintering, finally obtain the ceramic product of excellent performance.But the green compact that photocuring technology obtains
Intensity is relatively low, and shrinkage factor is larger, it is difficult to meets high intensity requirement.Chinese patent CN201510614565.3 discloses one kind
3D printing ceramic process, low temperature bonding agent and medium temperature binding agent are prefabricated into particle respectively and are well mixed with powdered ceramic powder
As material spray, crude green body is obtained using Selective Laser Sintering, intermediate sintering temperature is carried out respectively and obtains product with high temperature sintering.But
Still need to set the handling process such as degreasing, plastic removal in print procedure, subsequent technique complexity, molding cycle length, low precision be present
The defects of.Also, for biological implantation piece or repair member, the addition of the chemical substance such as various binding agents, if in follow-up work
It can not exclude totally, will to be mixed into ceramic product in skill so that ceramic part is mixed into impurity, porosity increase, and intensity reduces,
There is also potential safety hazard for the binding agent remained in follow-up clinical practice.Therefore, it is necessary to which a kind of new forming method solves
State problem.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering, it is not necessary in ceramics
Bonding agent is added in raw material, to avoid the chemical impurity being likely to occur in forming process from polluting.
The processing method of bioceramic part of the invention based on selective laser sintering, including three dimensional design, three-dimensional data
Prepared by processing, ceramic powder stock, selective laser sintering and part post-process, when prepared by ceramic powder stock, first by ceramic powder
Powder stock carries out pre-sintering in the environment less than nominal sintering temperatures, then by the ceramic powders after pre-sintering carry out it is broken and
It is standby after screening；
During selective laser sintering, the powdering scraper and printing substrate of laser 3D printing device are former with above-mentioned ceramic powders
Expect for phase same material；In laser processing parameter setting, on the basis of every layer of total linear energy density is determined, every layer is first used
Low linear energy density laser carries out multiplicating scanning, then carries out fine and close remelting with high linear energy density laser, finally according to
This is successively superposed to molding part.
Further, in pre-sintering prepared by ceramic powder stock, pre-sintered temperature is 1200~1300 DEG C, insulation
Shi Changwei 0.5~1 hour.
Further, the particle diameter of ceramic powder stock is 10~60 μm.
Specifically, in selective laser sintering, first with the low linear energy density that linear energy density is 0.1~0.3J/mm
After laser carries out 4~6 multiple scannings, then entered in 0.5~1J/mm high linear energy density laser with linear energy density control
The fine and close remelting of row.
Further, in selective laser sintering, the spacing distance between scan line is 0.08~0.14mm, contour line
Offset distance is inwardly 0.1~0.15mm of skew.
On this basis, in three dimensional design, the threedimensional model of part is designed as being formed certainly by support bar staggeredly
The loose structure of support；The diameter of the support bar is more than 0.15mm, and the angle of every support bar and horizontal plane is 37 °~90 °.
Optionally, in three dimensional design, by threedimensional model be designed and sized to it is bigger than the actual size of part by 15%~
25%.
Preferably, taper support structure is used in the support addition of three-dimensional data processing, wherein cone bottom is located on substrate.
Preferably, in the fracture that a diameter of 0.7~1mm is provided with 0.3~0.5mm of the vertex of a cone of taper support structure
Portion.
Optionally, tree-like supporting construction is used in the support addition of three-dimensional data processing, wherein trunk bottom is located at base
On plate.
Further, in being put in the position of three-dimensional data processing, the axis of the long side of threedimensional model is made to be beaten with laser 3D
The powdering scraper of printing apparatus remains less than 90 ° of angle.
Specifically, the bioceramic part is artificial teeth or artificial bone tissue.
In order to prevent the deformation of the ceramic part of shaping, and the consistency and mechanical property of ceramic part are further lifted,
Need the ceramic part of shaping being together put into vacuum sintering furnace together with substrate before cutting, carry out annealing heat-treats.
The processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering of the present invention, can be greatly reduced printing material
The dosage of material, and substantially shorten the Production Time of bioceramic part, while also completely avoid can in forming process
The pollution for the chemical impurity that can occur.
Embodiment with reference to embodiments, the above of the present invention is described in further detail again.
But the scope that this should not be interpreted as to the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following example.Think not departing from the above-mentioned technology of the present invention
In the case of thinking, the various replacements or change made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, this hair all should be included in
In bright scope.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the processing method of the bioceramic part of the invention based on selective laser sintering.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of taper support structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the loose structure in three dimensional design of the present invention with self-supporting.
Embodiment
The processing method of bioceramic part of the invention based on selective laser sintering, includes three dimensional design, three dimensions
Prepared according to processing, ceramic raw material, the post processing of laser sintered and part, wherein：
It is prepared by ceramic raw material：First by ceramic powder stock in the ring less than 1500 DEG C~1700 DEG C conventional of sintering temperature
Carry out pre-sintered in border, pre-sintered temperature can be between 1000 DEG C~1500 DEG C, then by the ceramic powders after pre-sintering
Mechanical Crushing is carried out, and is sieved after appropriate particle size size, to obtain the ceramic powder stock suitable for selective laser sintering, ceramics
The preferable particle size of powder stock is 10~60 μm.；
Selective laser sintering：The powdering scraper and printing substrate of laser 3D printing device with described ceramic powder stock
For phase same material, avoid producing extra chemical impurity during powdering, be subsequently difficult to clean off clean, influence the degree of purity of part and strong
Degree；According to the material of ceramic powder stock and the difference of thickness in laser processing parameter setting, every layer of total line is being determined
On the basis of energy density, every layer first carries out multiplicating scanning with low linear energy density laser, then close with high heat input
Spend laser and carry out fine and close remelting, be completely melt ceramic powder stock, form the molten road of a continuously smooth；Ceramic powders are former
Expect the molding part by being successively superposed to part after selective laser sintering.
By method of the invention, it is possible to according to individual individual demand targetedly designed so that finally set
The bioceramic part of meter can conform better to the demand of individual in detail section, and completely avoid can in forming process
The pollution for the chemical impurity that can occur, and the dosage of raw material is greatly saved, shorten dummy Production Time, shaping zero
The precision of part is high, compactness is good.
It is the shape according to implant in described three dimensional design, the threedimensional model of part is designed as by staggeredly
Support bar formed self-supporting loose structure；The diameter of the support bar is more than 0.15mm, every support bar and horizontal plane
Angle is 37 °~90 °, and the size of threedimensional model is bigger than the actual size of part by 15%~25%, ensures that final part adds
Because the size after contraction is consistent with design requirement size after work shaping.The bar that each bar by forming loose structure interlocks makes whole
Individual loose structure realizes that self-supporting does not collapse, and avoids to need to add other support members in the forming process of loose structure and brings
Post processing it is difficult.Implant is substituted for body bone tissue, deleted areas iconography data is typically first obtained, uses CAD
The missing recovery district three-dimensional configuration for meeting human dissection physiological characteristic is designed Deng graphic design software, is designed and human body bone group
Similar pore structure is knitted, inducting osseous tissue growth, promotes the function of bone defect healing to realize, and artificial implantation and human body bone
Bone has similar modulus of elasticity, can reduce stress shielding effect, prevent osteoporosis.
In described three-dimensional data processing, include the text of the STL forms for the part that will be obtained after the completion of three dimensional design
Part is imported into data processing software, the threedimensional model progress data inspection and reparation, position represented in stl file is put,
Support addition and section etc..Taper support structure is used in support is added, wherein cone bottom is located on substrate.In taper support knot
The fracture that diameter is less than or equal to vertex of a cone diameter is provided with the close vertex of a cone of structure；When being put to threedimensional model progress position,
Make the axis of threedimensional model long side and the powdering scraper of laser 3D printing device remains less than 90 ° of angle.
When prepared by ceramic raw material, it is 1200 that pre-sintered, pre-sintered temperature can be carried out according to different ceramic raw materials
~1300 DEG C, a length of 0.5~1 hour during insulation.The ceramic raw material that can generally use includes zirconium oxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide
(Al2O3), hydroxyapatite (HAP) etc..The sintering of the surface topography of ceramic powder stock particle and original size to ceramic material
Performance is extremely important, and ceramic particle is smaller, and surface is closer to spherical, and the sintering quality of ceramic layer is better, it is therefore preferable that ceramic
The particle diameter of particles of powdered ingredient is 10~60 μm.Pre-sintering can reduce caused ceramic larger during the sintering of post laser constituency
Shrink, therefore ceramic powder stock is less than in nominal sintering temperatures after pre-sintering, it is follow-up both to have reduced ceramic powder stock
Amount of contraction, in turn ensure that the pre-burning knotting strength of ceramic powder stock is relatively low, be easy to subsequent operation.
In selective laser sintering, low linear energy density of the linear energy density as 0.1~0.3J/mm can be first used using every layer
After laser carries out 4~6 multiple scannings, then entered in 0.5~1J/mm high linear energy density laser with linear energy density control
The once fine and close remelting of row.In scanning strategy planning, in X-Y plane, if the long edge lengths of part are less than 50mm, using just
Hand over continuous scan mode, it is on the contrary then use checkerboard type subarea-scanning mode.Spacing distance between scan line for 0.08~
0.14mm, the offset distance of contour line is inwardly 0.1~0.15mm of skew.Meanwhile in order to prevent ceramic powder stock from melting
During aoxidize, inert gas can also be passed through in forming process ceramic powder stock and printout are protected.For
Prevent that caused flue dust pollutes to powder in forming process, 3D printing equipment can add smoke dust filter.
In order to prevent the deformation of the ceramic part of shaping, and the consistency and mechanical property of ceramic part are further lifted,
Need the ceramic part of shaping being together put into vacuum sintering furnace together with substrate before cutting, carry out annealing heat-treats.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment is exemplified by preparing the full porcelain fixed denture (dummy) of zirconium oxide.As shown in Figure 1 the present invention based on swash
The processing method of the bioceramic part of light constituency sintering, including：
Three dimensional design：After the three-dimensional data for obtaining patient's cavity interior, oral cavity three-dimensional data is imported into 3shape teeth
In section's design software, the design of all-ceramic prosthesis is carried out according to abutment form and gingival contour.
Dummy completes three dimensional design later, it is necessary to STL tri patch forms be exported as by body Model is repaired, for follow-up
3D printing uses.Also, because zirconia material can be defeated designing with certain volume contraction during densification sintering
Accessory size need to be amplified 15% when going out, to compensate the volume contraction in sintering process.
Three-dimensional data processing：After the completion of three dimensional design, the STL data of dummy are obtained, it is necessary to carry out data to stl file
Processing, obtain the data that 3D printing shaping receives.The stl file of dummy is imported into magics data processing softwares, entered
The inspection of row data and reparation, position are put, support is added and slicing step.
Wherein described data inspection and reparation part, are to check whether there is in the dummy structure represented by D S TL files
Hole and bad selvedge defect, find that defect needs to be repaired if checking, it is ensured that the dummy represented by stl file is one complete
With the housing of closing.
Part is put in described position, during putting position will with supporting surface as far as possible less, the height of vertical direction as far as possible
Small is principle, to reduce the quantity of support and improve the efficiency of shaping.The long side of the fixed bridge should avoid scraping with 3D printer
Knife is parallel, should keep 45 ° of angle, reduces the lateral resistance brought during scraper powdering.When printing multiple stl files, it is necessary to
Ensure to occur without contact between part, the wherein gap between part is more than 2mm, and the distance of part and substrate edges is more than
10mm。
Described support addition part, support will carry out personalized design according to the size and type of part, ensure
Can firmly supporting, while part also shaping will easily remove after terminating.As shown in Fig. 2 in the present embodiment, to fixed bridge
Using the taper support structure 1 of entity, the part that the bottom of taper support structure 1 contacts with substrate sets a diameter of 2mm, taper
The part that supporting construction 1 contacts with part 4 sets a diameter of 1mm, 3 thickness in inside of the top of taper support structure 1 insertion part 4
Depth, ensure the intensity of taper support structure 1, prevent in post laser forming process because thermal stress pulls apart support, shape
Into warpage.In order to ensure the convenience of follow-up support removal, fracture 2, fracture 2 are set in the neck of taper support structure 1
The conical top of positional distance taper support structure 1 be 0.5mm, a diameter of 0.8mm of fracture 2.
Wherein described sliced section is that by section stl file is obtained into piece layer data, thickness is arranged to 40 μm.
It is prepared by ceramic raw material：Particle diameter is selected to be used as printing raw material for 10~60 μm of spherical zircite powder.Ceramic particle
Surface topography and original size it is extremely important to the sintering character of ceramic material, ceramic particle is smaller, surface closer to spherical,
The sintering quality of ceramic layer is better.In order to reduce ceramic larger contraction caused by the sintering of post laser constituency, by zirconia powder
Powder stock, which is first placed in 1200 DEG C of vacuum sintering furnace, carries out pre-sintering, and is incubated 1 hour.The pre-sintered temperature of control is less than normal
Sintering temperature is advised, had both ensured ceramic powders heat shrinkable before laser sintered, and had reduced follow-up amount of contraction, also ensure that ceramics
The pre-burning knotting strength of powder is relatively low.Ceramic powders pre-sintering carries out Mechanical Crushing after terminating, will using dither screening plant
Its screening obtains the Zirconium oxide powder of 15~45 μm of particle size scopes, obtains the ceramic powder stock of selective laser sintering.
Selective laser sintering：Three-dimensional data after processing is imported into 3D printing equipment, ceramic powder stock is printed
Shaping.In order to meet strict demand of the dental prosthesis to precision and mechanical property, beaten using the ceramic 3D of selective laser sintering
Printing apparatus.Laser is melted and molded the ceramic powders in each layer cross section region on substrate by scanning, then is layering as one
Ceramic part.
The powdering scraper of 3D printing equipment choosing zirconia material and the printing substrate of zirconia material, it is broken to avoid rubbing
Bits and first floor sintering belt carry out chemical impurity pollution, and make to have good wetability between moulding material and substrate, ensure substrate
It is firmly bonded, will not ftractures between part, prevents part warpage.
During laser sintering and moulding, it is divided into scanning strategy planning and laser processing parameter sets two parts.
Described scanning strategy planning part is the scan method for planning each lamella, to be determined between scan line
The offset distance of spacing distance and contour line.Wherein scan line spacings distance is 0.08mm, the offset distance of the contour line
0.1mm is offset to be inside.When long edge lengths are less than 50mm in the X/Y plane of the part, using orthogonal continuous scanning strategy.
Described laser processing parameter setting unit, it is the difference according to material and thickness, adjustment 3D printing equipment swashs
The technological parameters such as luminous power, sweep speed, it is ensured that laser beam can be completely melt ceramic powders, and one continuously smooth of formation melts
Road.Due to the features such as ceramic heat conductivility itself is poor, and heat absorption rate is low, and bonding diffusion is slow, swashing to increase ceramic powders
Adhesion strength in light sintering process, 4~6 multiple scannings are carried out first by relatively low linear energy density laser, are finally made
Fine and close remelting is carried out once with higher linear energy density laser, to obtain high-strength ceramic printed product.It is wherein described relatively low
Linear energy density control in 0.15J/mm, wherein the higher linear energy density is controlled in 0.6J/mm.
In order to prevent ceramic powders from aoxidizing in fusion process, need to be protected using nitrogen in forming process.
In order to prevent that caused flue dust pollutes to powder in forming process, 3D printing equipment needs to add smoke dust filter.
Part post-processes：, it is necessary to be post-processed after 3D printing shaping terminates, the lifting of part combination property is realized.By
It is the forming process of a fast hot rapid cooling in selective laser sintering, therefore there can be residual stress inside forming part.In order to anti-
Only deform, and further lift the consistency and mechanical property of ceramic part, need before being cut by molding part together with substrate
It is put into together in vacuum sintering furnace, carries out annealing heat-treats.Wherein 3 hours heating-up times, 1500 DEG C of sintering temperature, soaking time
2 hours.
After annealing is completed, the fixed bridge is cut down from substrate, then removes support, then surface is carried out
The processing such as sanding and polishing, obtains the full porcelain fixed bridge of final zirconium oxide.
The full porcelain fixed bridge of zirconium oxide prepared by the present embodiment, all-round property testing data are as shown in table 1, mechanical property
The level of traditional cutting manufacture can have been basically reached.Compared to zirconium oxide cut manufacturing process, its precision is higher, raw material availability
Also it is obviously improved, 90% can be more than.
Table 1：
| Parameter | The present embodiment processing method | Traditional cut manufacturing process |
| Material | Zirconium oxide powder | Zirconium oxide cutting disc |
| Precision | Error is below 10 μm | Typically at 30 μm or so |
| Tensile strength | 1088Mpa | 1200Mpa |
| Hardness | 1100HV10 | 1250HV10 |
| Raw material availability | More than 90% | About 10% |
As can be seen from Table 1, under conditions of bonding agent is not added, the present embodiment precision and raw material availability are all much better than
Traditional cutting technology, tensile strength and hardness have also basically reached the level of traditional cutting technology.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment exemplified by preparing artificial bone tissue implant, as shown in Figure 1 the present invention based on selective laser sintering
Bioceramic part processing method, including：
Three dimensional design：After having obtained patient bone tissue image data, designed using CAD software Pro/Engineer outside it
Shape height, as shown in figure 3, by topological optimization, designs loose structure, hollow out gap can not only realize lightweight, can also promote
Enter Gegenbaur's cell and stretch into growth.Wherein described loose structure is in order to avoid post processing caused by addition support in forming process
Difficulty, be designed to by support bar 3 formed self-supporting shape, that is, be molded during need not add support also can smoothly into
Type.A diameter of 0.2mm of the support bar 3 of wherein described loose structure, the angle of every support bar 3 and horizontal plane is 45 °, so
The self-supporting of loose structure can preferably be realized.
Three dimensional design is completed later, it is necessary to STL tri patch forms be exported as by body Model is repaired, for follow-up 3D printing
Use., be when designing output to part because ceramic material can be with certain volume contraction during densification sintering
Size amplification 20% is carried out, to compensate the volume contraction in sintering process.
Three-dimensional data processing：After the completion of three dimensional design, the STL data of dummy are obtained, it is necessary to carry out data to stl file
Processing, obtain the data that 3D printing shaping receives.The stl file of dummy is imported into magics data processing softwares, entered
The inspection of row data and reparation, position are put, support is added and slicing step.
Wherein described data inspection and reparation part, are to check whether there is in the dummy structure represented by D S TL files
Hole and bad selvedge defect, find that defect needs to be repaired if checking, it is ensured that the dummy represented by stl file is one complete
With the housing of closing.
Part is put in wherein position, during putting position will with supporting surface as far as possible less, the height of vertical direction it is as small as possible
For principle, with the quantity of reduction support and the efficiency of shaping is improved.The long side of the implant should avoid the scraper with 3D printer
It is parallel, 30 ° of angle need to be kept, reduces the lateral resistance brought during scraper powdering.When printing multiple stl files, it is necessary to really
Protect between part and occur without contact, the wherein gap between part is more than 2mm, and the distance of part and substrate edges is more than 10mm.
Described support addition part, support will carry out personalized design according to the size and type of part, ensure
Can firmly supporting, while part also shaping will easily remove after terminating.As shown in Fig. 2 the cone of implant selection entity
Shape supporting construction 1, on the basis of solid support is realized, light-weight design is to facilitate follow-up removal.Wherein taper support structure 1
To set diameter range be 3mm to the part that is contacted with substrate of bottom, taper support structure 1 and the contact portion of part 4 are set directly
Footpath scope is 1.5mm, and the depth of 3 thickness in the inside of part 4 is inserted on the top of taper support structure 1, ensures taper support knot
The support strength of structure 1, prevent from post laser forming process, because thermal stress pulls apart support, forming warpage.After ensureing
The convenience that continuous support removes, the positional distance taper of fracture 2, wherein fracture 2 is set in the neck of taper support structure 1
0.5mm, the diameter 1mm of fracture 2 are arranged at the top of supporting construction 1.
Described sliced section is that by section stl file is obtained into piece layer data, thickness is arranged to 40 μm.
It is prepared by ceramic raw material：The present embodiment selects particle diameter as 10~60 μm ball shaped hydroxy-apatite (HAP) powder conduct
Print raw material.The surface topography and original size of ceramic particle are extremely important to the sintering character of ceramic material, and ceramic particle is got over
Small, closer to spherical, the sintering quality of ceramic layer is better on surface.
In order to reduce the larger contraction of ceramics caused by post laser sinters, ceramic powder stock is first placed in 1300 DEG C
Pre-sintering is carried out in vacuum sintering furnace, then is incubated 1 hour.The pre-sintered temperature of control is less than nominal sintering temperatures, both ensures powder
End heat shrinkable before laser sintered, reduces follow-up amount of contraction, also ensures that the pre-burning knotting strength of ceramic powders is relatively low.Pottery
Porcelain powder pre-sintering carries out Mechanical Crushing after terminating, and is sieved to obtain 20~53 μm of particle diameters using dither screening plant big
The hydroxyapatite powder of small range, obtain the powder stock of selective laser sintering.
Selective laser sintering：Three-dimensional data after processing is imported into 3D printing equipment, ceramic powder stock is printed
Shaping.In order to meet strict demand of the dental prosthesis to precision and mechanical property, beaten using the ceramic 3D of selective laser sintering
Printing apparatus.Laser is melted and molded the ceramic powders in each layer cross section region on substrate by scanning, then is layering as one
Ceramic part.
The powdering scraper of 3D printing equipment choosing HAP materials and the shaping substrate of HAP materials, to avoid rub chip and head
Layer sintering belt carrys out chemical impurity pollution, and to have good wetability between moulding material and substrate, ensures substrate and part
Between be firmly bonded, will not ftracture, prevent part warpage.
During selective laser sintering is molded, it is divided into scanning strategy planning and laser processing parameter sets two parts.
Wherein scanning strategy planning part is the scan method for planning each lamella, determines the interval between scan line
The offset distance of distance and contour line.Wherein described scan line spacings distance is 0.10mm, the offset distance of the contour line
It is 0.15mm for inwardly skew.When long edge lengths are less than 50mm in the X/Y plane of the part, using orthogonal continuous scanning strategy.
Wherein described laser processing parameter setting unit, it is the difference according to material and thickness, adjustment 3D printing equipment
The technological parameters such as laser power, sweep speed, it is ensured that laser beam can be completely melt ceramic powders, one continuously smooth of formation
Molten road.Due to the features such as ceramic heat conductivility itself is poor, and heat absorption rate is low, and bonding diffusion is slow, exist to increase ceramic powders
Adhesion strength during laser sintered, first carry out 6 multiple scannings using relatively low linear energy density laser, finally use compared with
High linear energy density laser carries out once fine and close remelting, to obtain high-strength ceramic printed product.Wherein described relatively low line
Energy density control is in 0.15J/mm, wherein the higher linear energy density is controlled in 0.8J/mm.
In order to prevent ceramic powders from being aoxidized in fusion process, protected in forming process using nitrogen.For
Prevent that caused flue dust pollutes to powder in forming process, 3D printing equipment needs to add smoke dust filter.
Part post-processes：, it is necessary to be post-processed after 3D printing shaping terminates, the lifting of part combination property is realized.By
It is the forming process of a fast hot rapid cooling in selective laser sintering, therefore there can be residual stress inside forming part.In order to anti-
Only part deformation, need molding part being put into vacuum sintering furnace together with substrate before being cut, carry out annealing heat-treats.
Wherein 3 hours heating-up times, 1500 DEG C of sintering temperature, soaking time 2 hours, to reach the residual stress of removal inside parts
Effect.After annealing is completed, the part is cut down from substrate, then removes support, then its surface is beaten
The processing such as grinding and polishing light, obtains final artificial bone tissue implant.
Claims (12)
1. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering, including the processing of three dimensional design, three-dimensional data, ceramics
Prepared by powder stock, selective laser sintering and part post-process, it is characterized in that：
When prepared by ceramic powder stock, ceramic powder stock is first carried out to pre-sintering in the environment less than nominal sintering temperatures,
Then it is standby after the ceramic powders after pre-sintering being crushed and sieved；
During selective laser sintering, the powdering scraper and printing substrate of laser 3D printing device are with above-mentioned ceramic powder stock
Phase same material；In laser processing parameter setting, on the basis of every layer of total linear energy density is determined, every layer first with low
Linear energy density laser carries out multiplicating scanning, then carries out fine and close remelting with high linear energy density laser, finally according to this by
Stacking adds as molding part.
2. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Making pottery
In pre-sintering prepared by porcelain powder stock, pre-sintered temperature is 1200~1300 DEG C, a length of 0.5~1 hour during insulation.
3. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Ceramics
The particle diameter of powder stock is 10~60 μm.
4. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Swashing
In the sintering of light constituency, first carry out 4~6 repetitions with the low linear energy density laser that linear energy density is 0.1~0.3J/mm and sweep
After retouching, then with linear energy density control carry out fine and close remelting in 0.5~1J/mm high linear energy density laser.
5. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：Swashing
When light constituency sinters, the spacing distance between scan line is 0.08~0.14mm, and the offset distance of contour line is inwardly skew 0.1
~0.15mm.
6. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, it is special
Levy and be：In three dimensional design, the threedimensional model of part is designed as being formed to the loose structure of self-supporting by support bar staggeredly；
The diameter of the support bar (3) is more than 0.15mm, and every support bar (3) and the angle of horizontal plane are 37 °~90 °.
7. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as described in any one of claim 1 to 6, it is special
Levy and be：In three dimensional design, by threedimensional model be designed and sized to it is bigger than the actual size of part by 15%~25%.
8. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, it is special
Levy and be：Taper support structure (1) is used in the support addition of three-dimensional data processing, wherein cone bottom is located on substrate.
9. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that：Boring
The fracture (2) that a diameter of 0.7~1mm is provided with 0.3~0.5mm of the vertex of a cone of shape supporting construction (1).
10. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, its
It is characterized as：Tree-like supporting construction is used in the support addition of three-dimensional data processing, wherein trunk bottom is located on substrate.
11. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, its
It is characterized as：In being put in the position of three-dimensional data processing, make the axis of the long side of threedimensional model and the paving of laser 3D printing device
Powder scraper remains less than 90 ° of angle.
12. the processing method of the bioceramic part based on selective laser sintering as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, its
It is characterized as：The bioceramic part is artificial teeth or artificial bone tissue.
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